Historically, there were factions within the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, with Wei being the most complicated, Shu being a dominant state, and Wu being the Huaishui group and the local group.

【Wei and Shu】

Because Cao Wei was established by pacifying many princes in history, his internal forces are the most complicated, of course, the most important thing is the hometown faction led by the Cao family and the Xiahou clan in Peiguo County, followed by the Yanzhou faction that assisted Cao Cao earlier, the representative figure is Cheng Yu, and the Yingchuan faction in Yuzhou, the representative figure is Xun Yu.

After that, Cao Cao fought in the south and the north, and fought in the east and west, and successively pacified Xuzhou, Hebei, and Guanzhong, and once occupied Jingzhou and Hanzhong, so there were also Hebei factions, Jingzhou factions, and Guanzhong factions and other groups, and there were many internal forces.

Before Cao Rui's death, Cao Fang was temporarily given to Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, so Cao Shuang and Sima Yi were the core to form two major groups of clan forces and foreign forces, as a result, Cao Shuang was rejected by everyone because of the confinement of Empress Dowager Guo, Sima Yi launched a coup d'état in Gaopingling to remove it, and the Cao clan could not afford to collapse, and finally the Sima family was able to complete the dynasty replacement.

However, since ancient times, the people of Shu have been in the civil war of laymen, and the local faction represented by Zhao Wei and others was finally defeated by the Dongzhou faction, and since then Yizhou has been made big by the Dongzhou faction in the Liu Zhang period.

After Liu Bei seized Yizhou, the forces under his command were also known as the Jingzhou faction because most of them were Jingzhou people, so later Shu probably had three power groups, one was the Jingzhou faction headed by Zhuge Liang and others, the other was the Dongzhou faction headed by Wu Yi and others, and finally the local faction.

Liu Bei left Zhuge Liang and Li Yan to assist in the government, Li Yan was considered by some people in later generations to be the representative of the Dongzhou faction, and the political struggle between him and Zhuge Liang was also considered to be the struggle between the two major power groups, but in fact Li Yan was born in Jingzhou, under the command of the original Liu Biao, within a few years after he took refuge in Liu Zhang, Liu Bei seized Yizhou, Li Yan was actually closer to the Jingzhou faction, and could not really be the representative of the Dongzhou faction.

The internal politics of Shu have always been relatively stable compared to Wei and Wu, although there seem to be three factions within Shu, in fact, the Jingzhou faction is dominant, and other forces are dependent on the Jingzhou faction, Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi These people are all from the Jingzhou faction, until Fei Yi's death, things began to change, and in the end, Jiang Wei and Qian Zhou, who were not from Jingzhou, buried Shu Han.

【The two major factions of the Wu Kingdom】

Similar to the Shu Kingdom, the Wu Kingdom was founded by an invasion of external forces. Historically, Yangzhou was divided into two, most of the Jiangbei was occupied by Cao Wei, and the south of the Yangtze River was owned by Sun Wu, and Yangzhou occupied by Sun Wu was generally called Jiangdong.

Sun Quan's father, Sun Jian, was indeed a native of Wu County, Jiangdong, but he basically had no foundation in Jiangdong, and he was a big official in Jingzhou and Yuzhou.

At the beginning of the establishment of Jiangdong forces, most of the core figures were in the Huaishui area, belonging to Jiangbei, including Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others, so this group was called the Huaisi group by many people, in addition to the local figures in Jiangdong, other foreign officials can be classified into this group, their common point is that their hometown is not in the control of Sun Wu, they belong to outsiders; The second is to follow the Sun family early, and they have already begun to serve the Sun family in the early days of Sun Jian, Sun Ce or Sun Quan, unlike the local forces in Jiangdong who served the Sun family late.

After Sun Ce crossed the river in the south, the Wu County, Huiji and other places were basically in the south of the Yangtze River, and later they were also the core area of the Wu State, so the people in this place belonged to the natives of the Wu State, they were the conquered, and the forces organized were the local groups of the Wu State, which were represented by the four surnames of Gu (Gu Yong), Lu (Lu Xun), Zhu (Zhu Zhi, Zhu Heng), and Zhang (Zhang Wen).

It should be noted here that although Zhang Zhao and Zhang Wen are both surnames, they are not all the way, Zhang Zhao is a native of Pengcheng, Xuzhou, a foreigner from Jiangdong, and belongs to the Huaisi Group that followed Sun Ce in the early days. Zhang Wen is a native of Wu County and belongs to a local group.

During the Sun Ce period, basically the Huaisi group controlled everything, and the local forces in Jiangdong were quite sluggish, and after Sun Quan came to power, the situation slowly began to change, and the local forces in Jiangdong began to reverse.

【Strong Huaisi Group】

In history, including Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su, Lu Meng, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Zhuge Jin, Zhou Tai, Han Dang, Lu Fan, Bu Qi, etc., all of them belonged to the Huaisi group, not the local figures in Jiangdong, and the Huaisi group was represented by these figures and controlled the civil and military power in Jiangdong for a long time.

During the Sun Ce period, the local forces in Jiangdong basically had no people to take action, and Jiangdong was basically controlled by the Huaisi group. In the Sun Quan period, the Huaisi group had Zhang Zhao and Zhang Hong politically, and Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu militarily, and the local forces in Jiangdong were basically playing soy sauce.

Moreover, before the Battle of Chibi, the situation in the world tended to be unified by Cao Cao, so many local talents in Jiangdong were reluctant to go out to serve Sun Quan, but after the battles of Chibi and other battles, the trend of Cao Cao's domination of the world was broken, and Sun Quan's prestige in the south was greatly improved, and those big families in Jiangdong also recognized his dominance, and the local scholars in Jiangdong came to seek refuge in Sun Quan.

After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su and Lu Meng were also members of the Huaisi group, but Lu Xun was a native of Jiangdong Wu County, and the Lu family was also a big family in Jiangdong.

Sun Shao, the first prime minister of Wu (not the same clan as Sun Quan), was also a native of Beihai and belonged to the Jiangdong group, which was controlled by the Huaisi group for a long time, which caused dissatisfaction among the local forces, so in the third year of Huangwu (224), the Jiyan case occurred, but in this confrontation, the Huaisi group won the victory, and the local forces had to temporarily retreat.

However, in the second year of the Jiyan case (225), Sun Shao died, Sun Quan did not agree to the ministers' request to take Zhang Zhao as the prime minister, but let Gu Yong, the representative of the Gu family in the Jiangdong surname, as the prime minister, in this way, in the military aspect, Lu Xun became the supreme commander of Sun Wu, and in the political aspect, Gu Yong became the prime minister, and the local forces in Jiangdong completed the overtaking of the Huaisi group after more than 20 years of development.