"The only problem now is that religion and culture are not prepared for it! What suggestions and ideas does Lao Zhao have? "The engineering men have nothing to say, and they all frown tightly to indicate that there is no way. Li Ji could only ask the historical authority Zhao Shouzhong.

Zhao Shouzhong could only say honestly: "I will briefly introduce the historical core of Tibetan culture and religion, and some key points of Tibetan Buddhism, and hope that everyone can brainstorm and come up with some clever ideas."

Tibetan Buddhism is a popular religion in Qinghai, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and other parts of China that are now close to Tibetan Province. Buddhist Tantra was introduced to Tibet in the 7th century. Also known as Lamaism. Calling itself "Buddhism" or "Inner Path". Some people believe that Tibetan Buddhism is not true Buddhism, but a product of the combination of Buddhism and Bon, a local religion in Tibetan province.

The reason why Buddhism is Buddhism lies in its three Tibetan scriptures and precepts, as well as the transmission of the lineage. Tibetan Buddhism is based on the authentic Tripitaka scriptures, which have not been modified by other religions; The precept system of Tibetan Buddhism is the true Buddhist system, with precepts for bhikshus, bhikshunis, lay yogis, etc. In terms of the lineage, from Shakyamuni Buddha to the present day, it has been passed down from generation to generation by the great virtues of pure enlightenment.

Tibetan Buddhism can be said to have completely preserved the form and essence of the whole Buddhism, on the contrary, Han Buddhism has abandoned some contents according to local customs, such as Han Buddhism does not have the concept of Pandita and no debate, etc., these are all things that Buddhism itself has, and Han Buddhism also focuses on the image of Buddha and Bodhisattva with beautiful postures, and there are few statues of Bodhisattvas with terrifying images, and Tibetan Buddhism does not treat them like this. Bon itself belongs to the foreign way, but there are also a considerable number of ghosts and gods converted to this religion, and there are also many protector gods, and Guru Padmasambhava came to Tibet from India at the invitation of the king of Tibet, and subdued these Bon ghosts and gods to convert to Buddhism. Now some great masters of Buddhism have also become the masters of Bon because of some special intentions, learning the teachings of Bon, although so, Buddhism is still Buddhism, and has not added elements of Bon, but Bon has been mixed with more and more Buddhist elements.

Tibetan Buddhism has two meanings: one refers to Buddhism that was formed in Tibetan areas and spread through Tibetan areas and influenced other regions (such as Mongolia, Sikkim, Bhutan, etc.); The second refers to Buddhism spread in Tibetan and Tibetan languages, such as Mongolian, Naxi, Yugur, Tu and other ethnic groups, even if they have their own language or writing, but still use Tibetan language and Tibetan language for teaching, reasoning, recitation and writing, so it is also called "Tibetan Buddhism".

Tibetan Buddhism began in the mid-7th century, when the then Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo married Princess Qizun of Nepal and Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, and the two princesses brought with them a statue of Shakyamuni at the age of 8 and a statue of Shakyamuni at the age of 12, as well as a large number of Buddhist scriptures. According to the history of Tibetan Buddhism, Songtsen Gampo itself is an eleven-faced thousand-armed Guanyin, Princess Wencheng and Princess Qizun are Green Tara and White Tara respectively, and later built Jokhang Temple and Jokhang Temple. Songtsen Gampo itself also has a head on its head, and the upper head is the head of Amitabha Buddha, and in order to avoid people's wrong opinions, the upper head is usually wrapped with cloth, which is mentioned in the famous book "The Legacy of the Pillars" in Tibetan Province (Atisha, who is highly known in India as the second Buddha, went to Tibet Province to see the light in the mountains and opened this book under the guidance of Avalokiteshvara).

With the development of Lamaism in Tibetan Province, the upper lamas gradually took control of local power, and finally formed a unique Tibetan Buddhism that integrates politics and religion. The large-scale introduction of Buddhism to Tibet should begin when Songtsen Gampo established the Tibetan Dynasty. Buddhism came from two directions, Han China and India. At that time, the Tibetan King of Songtsen Gampo converted to Buddhism under the joint influence of his two wives, Princess Tang Wencheng and Princess Vikugyu of Nepal, the Tibetan name of the ruler. He sent 16 people, including his minister Duanmei Sambodhi, to India to study Sanskrit and Buddhist scriptures, and after returning, he created the Tibetan script and began to translate some Buddhist scriptures, and formulated laws ordering the people to believe in Buddhism, and Buddhism began to spread in Tibet.

Trisong Detsen, the son of Songtsen Gampo, played a great role in the development of Buddhism. First of all, welcome the Indian monks Shanhu and Padmasambhava into Tibet. After the completion of Samye Monastery, Trisong Detsen specially sent people to India to invite 12 monks to ordain 7 Tibetan aristocratic youths. These seven ordination is an extremely important event in the history of Buddhism in Tibetan Province, and it is the beginning of Tibetan ordination, and they are respected as the "Seven Enlightenment Scholars" in Tibetan historical books. He also asked the translator to translate a large number of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit, as well as some Buddhist scriptures from Chinese. Therefore, the Three Jewels of Buddhism -- Buddha, Dharma and Sangha -- are finally complete. At this time, the business of translating scriptures began to flourish. During this period, a total of four catalogs were compiled: the Pantang Catalog, the Tanga Catalog, and the Qingpu Catalog. The three tsangpu after Tri Song Detsen also vigorously supported Buddhism, and monks were exempt from taxes and manual labor; A dojo dedicated to the "Three Jewels" of Buddha, Dharma and Sangha was set up in the palace to allow monks to participate in state affairs.

Trisong Detsen's son, Trizu Detsen (also known as Trirepajan), once again played a great role in promoting the development of Buddhism. There is an incident that shows his attitude towards Buddhism: when the monks were preaching, Trizu Detsen sat in the middle, his hair braided in two and stretched out in a long ribbon on the monk's seat, and then let the monk sit on it as a sign of his respect for the monk. The main measures of the Buddha include the construction of the Wuxiangduo Monastery, the establishment of the regulations on the provision of seven households for monks (stipulating that every seven households of civilians are responsible for supporting the livelihood of one monk), the determination of the script (the second time in the history of Tibetan Province), and the unified translation of the rules (the promulgation of a decree on the determination of new words and terms, and the provision of three translation examples). During this period, there were many famous translators, known as the "Three Elders" (Birujana, Damazmang, Kashmira Ananda), the "Three Middles" (Nirvana Prajnagumala, Lui Wangpo, and Ma Rinchencho), and the "Three Young" (Gawa Baize, Jorho Luyi Gyaltsen, and Shang Yishid). Due to the outstanding contributions of Songtsen Gampo, Trisong Detsen, and Trizu Detsen, these three generations of Zampu are called "the three kings of ancestors and grandchildren" in history.

However, in the middle of the ninth century, Buddhism in Tibetan province was destroyed for a time, the so-called Langdarma Extinction, and for a time (842-978) Buddhism fell silent. Called the "Dark Ages". Trizu Detsen's measures to revive Buddhism and the practice of handing over the military and political power of the dynasty to Buddhist monks caused dissatisfaction among the nobles. After the nobles murdered Trizu Detsen and established Langdarma as Zampu, they launched a large-scale campaign to ban Buddhism. Famous monasteries such as Samye Temple were sealed, Jokhang Temple was converted into a slaughterhouse, and statues of Shakyamuni and others were buried. Because it was Princess Wencheng who brought the statue of Sakyamuni Buddha from the mainland and made Tibet have Buddhism, Princess Wencheng was said to be the reincarnation of the devil by the banned Buddha. The monks were ordered to convert to Bon, and the monks who refused to obey their orders and abstained from killing were forced to take up their bows and arrows and go hunting in the mountains with their hounds. After the murals in the Buddhist temple were erased, the monks were painted drinking and having fun. Many Buddha statues were dragged out of the monastery and nailed and thrown into the river, and a large number of Buddhist scriptures were burned or thrown into the water. The blow to Buddhism was so severe that the Tibetan provincial religious history books refer to the nearly 100 years after Langdarma as the "Dharma-Destroying Period" or "Dark Ages."

One hundred years after Langdarma destroyed Buddhism, Buddhism was later reintroduced from the former Xikang and Weizang areas, and Buddhism in Tibetan Province was revived. The spread of Buddhism in Tibet before Langdarma destroyed the Buddha is called the "pre-propagation period" of Tibetan Buddhism, and then the "post-propagation period". The post-propagation period of Tibetan Buddhism is divided into upper and lower routes according to the different routes of Buddhism. In this way, Buddhism gradually revived in Tibet and developed into Tibetan Buddhism with unique characteristics of the plateau people, and from the 11th century onwards, various branches were formed one after another, and it was not until the formation of the Gelug school in the early 15th century that the sectarian branches of Tibetan Buddhism were finally finalized. There are mainly the four major schools in the early stage, such as the Nyingma school, the Kadam school, the Sakya school, and the Kagyu school, and the Gelug school in the later period. After the rise of Gelugpa, Kadampa merged into Gelugpa and did not exist alone.

The differences in the schools of Tibetan Buddhism are not like the Indian Hinayana schools, which are divided according to the precepts they follow, and the Mahayana schools in India because of the different teachings they advocate. The differences in sects are due to factors within Buddhism such as different teachers, different professors, different scriptures based and different understandings of the scriptures, and extra-religious factors such as different regions and different donors. This is another characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism.

The teachings of Tibetan Buddhism are characterized by the combination of Theravada and Theravada, Sutra and Tantra, and the equal emphasis on seeing and doing, and absorbing some characteristics of Bon. Different inheritances, complex rituals, and numerous icons are a significant feature of Tibetan Buddhism that distinguishes it from Han Buddhism. Sutra said that Madhyamaka is the most developed of the four sects of Sarvastivada, Sutra, Consciousness, and Madhyamaka.

The Nyingma school (rnying-ma-ba) is the oldest sect of Tibetan Buddhism. "Nyingma" (rnying-ma) means "ancient" and "old" in Tibetan, and this school mainly inherits and carries forward the old mantras translated and transmitted during the Tibetan period, so it is called "old"; Its legal system has a direct inheritance relationship with Buddhism in the Tibetan period, and its historical origin is earlier than other sects that appeared in the later propagation period, so it is called "ancient". Commonly known as the "Old Translation of Mantra School". It was the first esoteric religion to be introduced into Tibetan Province and absorbed some of the contents of the original Bon, attaching importance to finding and excavating the scriptures hidden by Langdarma when he destroyed the Buddha in ancient times. Because the monks of this sect only wear red monkhoods, it is also called the Red Sect.

In addition to the Nyingma sect,

The Kadampa, Sakya, Kagyu and other sects are still relatively weak and new.

Kadampa was founded in 1056. The Tibetan word "Ka" refers to the Buddhist language, and "dang" refers to the professor. In popular terms, the teachings of the Buddha are used to guide mortals to accept the teachings of Buddhism. The founder of the Kadampa school was the famous Buddhist master Atisha, who was invited from India during the Guge period, and Rechen Monastery is the main temple of the Kadampa school. This sect is mainly based on the practice of sutras, and advocates the first manifestation and then the esoteric.

It is a pity that the Gelug sect has not yet appeared, and the adoption of the reincarnation system of the living Buddha is a turning point in the prosperity of the Gelug sect. The Gelug school of the Qing Dynasty formed the four major reincarnation systems of the living Buddha, the living Buddha of **, the living Buddha of Zhangjia (Inner Mongolia) and the Jebtsundamba (Outer Mongolia).

Drawing on the missionary methods of Islam and Christianity, perhaps we can also advance the progress of Tibetan Buddhism through differentiated taxation, a differentiated health care system, a differentiated education, a differentiated welfare, a differentiated employment, or an iron-blooded approach to exterminating the infidels? ”