Chapter 022: Petroleum Industry

The whole of Outer Mongolia was recovered, and Tangnu Wulianghai also controlled a part of it, and in view of the fact that it would not be beneficial for China to continue fighting, Wang Hanzhang decided to go all out to transfer to the construction economy.

If the war continues now, then China must ensure the victory of the war, and naturally there will not be enough energy to develop the economy, if it does not develop industry and develop the economy, even if the Soviet Union surrenders, Wang Hanzhang does not dare to guarantee that Germany will be willing to give Central Asia to China when China is so weak, and how much strength can determine how much share of the profits you have.

At that time, the Song Dynasty was always threatened by the Liao State, and later the Jurchens rose up, and the Jurchens sent people to the Great Song Dynasty to discuss the matter of jointly dealing with the Liao State, and when the Liao State was destroyed, the sixteen states of Yanyun that the Great Song Dynasty dreamed of were returned to the Great Song Dynasty.

The Great Song Dynasty was very satisfied with this, and finally agreed, and later the Liao State was really destroyed, but most of the elite of the Liao State was killed by the Jin Army, and the 600,000 troops of the Great Song Dynasty were defeated by tens of thousands of Liao remnants, which also made the Jurchens see the weakness of the Great Song Dynasty, and their ambitions were further expanded, and finally there was the well-known "Jingkang Shame".

Therefore, although the Germans seem to be very good to China now, they must not have the intention of harming others, but the heart of guarding against others is even more indispensable. Germany now seems to have reached the limit of its military strength and is short of materials, but if the Soviet Union is killed, then the legacy left by the Soviet Union will basically be more expensive than Germany, and when there is no Soviet Union, Germany can go all out to destroy Britain, at least the power of Britain and the United States will feel on the other side of the Atlantic, and after that, whether the Germans will be tempted by the huge Asian territory, Wang Hanzhang has no way to know, Wang Hanzhang only knows that the German ** team can fight better than the Soviet army, so if China wants to be safe, it must have enough strength. If your fists are hard enough, then others won't dare to mess with you easily.

The development of the economy is naturally inseparable from industry, and oil is known as the blood of modern industry, so it is self-evident how important oil is.

China's petroleum resources are concentrated in the eight basins of Bohai Bay, Songliao, Tarim, Ordos, Junggar, Pearl River Estuary, Qaidam and East China Sea Shelf, with recoverable resources of 17.2 billion tons, accounting for 81.13% of the country. Natural gas resources are concentrated in the nine basins of Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, East China Sea Shelf, Qaidam, Songliao, Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Bohai Bay, with recoverable resources of 18.4 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 83.64% of the country.

From the perspective of resource depth distribution, 80% of PetroChina's recoverable resources are concentrated in shallow (< 2000 m) and middle and deep (2000 m~3500 m), while deep (3500m~4500m) and ultra-deep (<4500m) are less distributed. The distribution of natural gas resources in shallow, medium-deep, deep and ultra-deep layers is relatively uniform.

From the perspective of geographical distribution, 76% of China's recoverable petroleum resources are distributed in plains, shallow seas, Gobi and deserts, and 74% of natural gas recoverable resources are distributed in shallow seas, deserts, mountains, plains and Gobi.

In terms of resource grade, high-quality resources account for 63% of PetroChina's recoverable resources, 28% are low-permeability resources, and 9% are heavy oil. Among the recoverable natural gas resources, 76% are high-quality resources and 24% are low-permeability resources.

By the end of 2004, PetroChina had 6.791 billion tons of proven recoverable reserves, nearly 14.4 billion tons of unproven recoverable resources, and 32.03% of recoverable oil resources. The proven recoverable reserves of natural gas are 2.76 trillion cubic meters, the recoverable resources to be proved are 19.24 trillion cubic meters, and the proven degree of natural gas recoverable resources is only 12.55%, which is in the early stage of exploration, and the discovery of reserves in the near and medium term is expected to grow rapidly.

Since the early 50s of the last century, China has carried out oil and gas exploration in 82 major large and medium-sized sedimentary basins, and discovered more than 500 oil fields. The following are China's major onshore oil producers.

Daqing Oilfield: It is located in the west of Heilongjiang Province, in the middle of the Songnen Plain, in Harbin and Qiqihar City. The oil field is 140 kilometers long from north to south and 70 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 5,470 square kilometers. In March 1960, the Party Central Committee approved the oil war, and in 1963, a production capacity of 6 million tons was formed, and 4.39 million tons of crude oil were produced that year, which played a decisive role in realizing China's oil self-sufficiency. In 1976, crude oil production exceeded 50 million tons, becoming the largest oil field in China. At present, Daqing Oilfield adopts new technology and new technology to maintain crude oil production at more than 50 million tons.

Shengli Oilfield: Located in the Yellow River Delta on the coast of the Bohai Sea in northern Shandong, it is mainly distributed in 28 counties (districts) in 8 cities, including Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Weifang, Zibo, Liaocheng and Yantai, with a main mining area of about 4.4 square kilometers, which is the second largest oilfield in the Republic of China.

Liaohe Oilfield: It is mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Liaohe River Plain, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the coastal area of Liaodong Bay. It has developed and constructed 26 oilfields, and built 9 major production bases such as Xinglongtai, Shuguang, Huanxiling, Jinzhou, Gaosheng, Shenyang, Ciyutuo, Lengjia and Horqin, spanning 13 cities (prefectures) and 32 counties (banners) in Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total area of 100,000 square kilometers and the third largest producer in the country.

Karamay Oilfield: It is located in Karamay City, Xinjiang. In the past 40 years, 19 oil and gas fields have been found in the Junggar Basin and the Tarim Basin, mainly in Karamay, 15 oil and gas fields have been developed, and 7.92 million tons of crude oil supporting production capacity (6.031 million tons of thin oil and 1.889 million tons of heavy oil) have been built, and since 1900, the onshore crude oil production has ranked fourth in the country.

Sichuan Oilfield: Located in the Sichuan Basin, it has a history of 60 years and has discovered 12 oil fields. Four gas zones have been built in the basin: southern, southwestern, northwest and eastern. At present, the production of natural gas accounts for nearly half of the country's total, and it is the largest atmospheric field in China.

North China Oilfield: Renqiu City, located in the central Jizhong Plain of Hebei Province, including the oil and gas production areas in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi and Mongolia. In 1975, Ren 4, an exploratory well on the Jizhong Plain, spewed out a high-yield industrial oil flow with a daily output of 1,000 tons, and discovered Renqiu Oilfield, the largest carbonate buried hill oil field in China. In 1978, the crude oil output reached 17.23 million tons, making an important contribution to the national crude oil production exceeding 100 million tons that year. Until 1986, it maintained an annual output of 10 million tons of crude oil for 10 years. At present, the production of crude oil is about 4 million tons.

Dagang Oilfield: Located in Dagang District, Tianjin, its exploration area is vast, including Dagang exploration area and Xinjiang Yuerdus Basin, with a total exploration area of 34,629 square kilometers, of which 18,628 square kilometers are Dagang exploration area. At present, 15 oil and gas fields and 24 development zones have been completed and put into operation in the Dagang exploration area, forming an annual production capacity of 4.3 million tons of crude oil and 380 million cubic meters of natural gas. At present, hundreds of millions of tons of oil and gas structures such as the kilometer bridge have been discovered, which has opened up new oil and gas areas for the increase of reserves and production of old oil fields.

Zhongyuan Oilfield: Located in Puyang District, Henan Province, discovered in 1975, after 20 years of exploration, development and construction, it has accumulated 455 million tons of proven petroleum geological reserves, 39.57 billion cubic meters of proven natural gas geological reserves, and produced 77.23 million tons of crude oil and 13.38 billion cubic meters of natural gas. It is now one of the important oil and gas production bases in eastern China.

Jilin Oilfield: Located in the Fuyu area of Jilin Province, oil and gas exploration and development in the two major basins of Jilin Province, has discovered and proved 18 oilfields, of which Fuyu and Xinmin oilfields are large-scale oilfields with reserves of over 100 million tons, and the production of oilfields has reached an annual output of more than 3.5 million tons of crude oil, forming the production scale of a large enterprise with a crude oil processing capacity of 700,000 tons.

Henan Oilfield: Located in the Nanyang Basin in southwest Henan, the mining area spans Nanyang, Zhumadian and Pingdingshan, and is distributed in 8 counties including Xinye and Tanghe. A total of 14 oilfields have been discovered, with proven petroleum geological reserves of 170 million tons and an oil-bearing area of 117.9 square kilometers.

Changqing Oilfield: The exploration area is mainly in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Basin, with a total exploration area of about 370,000 square kilometers. Oil and gas exploration and development began in 1970, and 22 oil and gas fields have been found, including 19 oil fields, with a total of 541.888 million tons of proven oil and gas geological reserves (including 233.008 billion cubic meters of proven natural gas reserves).

Jianghan Oilfield: It is an important comprehensive oil base in central and southern China. The oilfields are mainly distributed in 7 cities and counties in Hubei Province, including Qianjiang and Jingsha, Shouguang City, Guangrao County in Shandong Province and Hengyang City in Hunan Province. 24 oil and gas fields have been discovered, with a proven oil-bearing area of 139.6 square kilometers and a gas-bearing area of 71.04 square kilometers, with a cumulative production of 21.1873 million tons of crude oil and 954 million cubic meters of natural gas.

Jiangsu Oilfield: The oil area is mainly distributed in 8 counties and cities in 4 regions of Yangzhou, Yancheng, Huaiyin and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, and 22 oil and gas fields have been put into development. At present, the main object of exploration is in the Dongtai depression in the North Jiangsu Basin.

Qinghai Oilfield: Located in the Qaidam Basin in the northwest of Qinghai Province. The basin covers an area of about 250,000 square kilometers, with a sedimentary area of 120,000 square kilometers, and a sedimentary area of about 96,000 square kilometers in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic with oil and gas prospects. At present, 16 oil fields and 6 gas fields have been discovered.

Tarim Oilfield: Located in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. It is 1,400 kilometers long from east to west, 520 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 560,000 square kilometers, making it the largest and inland basin in China. In the middle is the Taklamakan Desert, known as the "Sea of Death". After the high-yield oil and gas flow was spewed out by Well Lunnan 2 in 1988, after seven years of exploration, 9 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields and 26 oil and gas structures have been discovered, with a cumulative proven oil and gas geological reserve of 378 million tons, with an annual output of 5 million tons of crude oil, 1 million tons of condensate and 2.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas.

Tuha Oilfield: Located in the Turpan and Hami basins of Xinjiang, it is responsible for oil exploration in the Turpan and Hami basins. The basin is 600 kilometers long from east to west and 130 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of about 53,000 square kilometers. In February 1991, the Tuha Petroleum Exploration and Development Battle was launched in full swing. By the end of 1995, a total of 14 oil and gas oil fields such as Shanshan and Wenjisang and 6 oil and gas structures had been discovered, with a proven oil and gas bearing area of 178.1 square kilometers, with a cumulative proven petroleum geological reserve of 208 million tons and natural gas reserves of 73.1 billion cubic meters.

Yumen Oilfield: Located in Yumen City, Gansu Province, with a total area of 114.37 square kilometers. The oilfield was put into development in 1939, and the crude oil production in 1959 reached 1.4029 million tons, accounting for 50.9 percent of the national crude oil production that year. It is known as the cradle of China's petroleum industry.

At present, only one small oil field in China and one small oil field in Yanbian, Shaanxi Province, have been developed, and no one knows about the others, but these oil fields, together with the two major oil fields of Qin, are far from enough for China's economic development.