According to physiologist Jared Diamond, this "Austronesian language family" may have been driven from the Asian continent to the Pacific Ocean by Chinese-speaking North Chinese, and they may even be the remnants of the South Chinese people in those days. Such a magnificent prehistoric wave was also constructed by Dimon as a kind of abbreviated "language replacement", as can be seen in his famous book "Guns, Bacteria and Steel". The basic context of this theory is that the southward expansion of the Chinese ethnic groups in North China drove or assimilated the indigenous groups of South China, namely the Miao Yao and Dai/Dai language groups there, and the latter, under pressure from the north, swept from South China to tropical Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, and the Malay Peninsula, setting off another, more radical linguistic upheaval, exterminating all the languages that had previously been there. As a result, the Miao Yao language family, which remains in the Chinese ocean of the mainland, has become a linguistic island. Austronesian languages hate the continent and live throughout the Pacific Ocean. (See Chinese translation by Wang Daohuan and Liao Yuejuan, Zhongshi Publishing, Taipei, first edition in 1998).

The theoretical framework of this book is a bit like putting the Darwinism of natural selection into new disciplines such as biology, geography, and environment, and making a new synthesis and elaboration, the gist of which is nothing more than that the innate advantages of geography, climate, and species are destined to give the first opportunity in agriculture to dominate prehistory, while the groups that remain in the hunting/gathering stage are only left with the share of extermination. "Language substitution" is easy to write, but it involves the bloody process of war, murder, contagion, immigration and killing of natives, and finally forcing the people to adopt a new language; The Chinese Zhengzong has always despised the uncivilized barbarian Rongdi, and the expansion of the Han civilization has always been to conquer and drive away, recruit rebels, and change the land and return to the stream. Since ancient times, there are nine Yi in the east and Baiyue in the south, and it is said that Chu destroyed Yue, and the descendants of Yue fell into the sea of waves; The Baiyue tribe was squeezed by the Chinese people in the north and avoided South Asia, which is all ancient history, and I am afraid it is not the waves of the Neolithic Age 10,000 years ago.

Damon reconstructs prehistory with evolutionary biology and other disciplines, arguing that China has formed at least two "independent centers of agriculture" (independent centers of origins of foodproduction), one north and one south, but only a writing system bred in North China is invincible, extinguishing any other possibility, which is the Lingtong treasure of the Han civilization. It also puzzled Professor Dimon at the anomaly of the disappearance of countless other languages in China and the dominance of the Chinese language. Generally speaking, in anthropological research, genetic evidence is the most convincing, followed by cultural evidence, and linguistic evidence is the weakest, but in the case of Chinese civilization, I am afraid that this order needs to be reversed. As for China, without the Chinese language and Chinese characters, there is no need to talk about any history and civilization, which also proves the wisdom of Damon's theory of "language substitution".

China's sinicization of the three East Asian countries

Obviously, this "language substitution" in prehistory is about the so-called "sinicization" in the history of civilization, sinification, that is, the assimilation and expansion of Chinese culture. During the Han and Tang dynasties, Chinese civilization was strong and spread far and wide, but it was not far-reaching, and it had its own limitations. The Chinese civilization was covered by the four seas, which is nothing more than the martial arts of the Han Dynasty and the cultural rule of the Tang Dynasty, half of which is also attributed to the magic power of Buddhism. The historical accumulation of sinicization, that is, the "Chinese character cultural circle" / "Chinese cultural circle", is basically the three countries: Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

The rise of the first wave of sinicization should be the conquest of Goryeo by Emperor Wu of Han in 100 BC, the establishment of Buddhism as the state religion, the introduction of Chinese writing, and the establishment of a museum by the king to teach Confucianism. However, China's civil service system could not defeat the local power in Goryeo, and China could not completely control Korea, which remained until the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty adopted a tributary system and accepted the vassal status of Goryeo, but this suzerainty relationship led to the peak of sinicization in Korea, China's technological innovation, fashion, and etiquette were all implemented in Korea, the upper class was proud of Confucianism, and the common class believed in Buddhism.

Vietnam, on the other hand, in South Asia, is more culturally independent. Between the Han and Tang dynasties, China conquered Vietnam and introduced its rice cultivation, benefiting agriculture and population growth in the north, and Vietnam learned irrigation techniques from the Central Plains, and its agriculture also benefited greatly. Vietnam's Sinicization is not as smooth as Korea's, and the difference is that the Vietnamese people's concept of loyalty and filial piety and the status of women are obviously different from China's, and the Confucian patriarchy (patriarchy) has no suitable soil here, but Buddhism is more popular. The exchange between China and Vietnam seems to have been mutually beneficial, and it seems to boil down to two major events: rice and Buddhism.

Sinicization in Japan,More and more biased towards the Buddhist side,It is consciously (intentionally) selectively absorbed。 In 646 A.D., the Taika Reform imitated China's centralized system, and the Japanese literati practiced Chinese calligraphy and Confucian classics. Buddhism was even more prosperous in the Nara period, there were five major temples, and later the Tang Dynasty Jianzhen crossed to the east, and built the Tang Zhaoti Temple in Nara, as well as the Saidai Temple, so there were seven major temples in Nara. Japan directly and indirectly introduced six Buddhist sects or schools from China, and after the late Tang Dynasty, Zen Buddhism was naturally introduced.

To sum up, Huaxia Ze quilt is facing southeast: one island country and two peninsulas. The hinterland of Asia behind the Han civilization was the racecourse of the nomads, so "Yuyang Mo came agitated", and the Tang Dynasty came to an abrupt end. The struggle between the farming group and the nomadic group for living space, that is, the dispute between the Hu and Han dynasties, filled the 2,000-year history of China, Professor Daimon's rules of the game have failed here, and the farmers do not take advantage, but rather a few times Yi Di into the master, Gu Yanwu's so-called "death in the world" at the end of the Ming Dynasty is also, not to mention that the "Mongolian storm" in the thirteenth century washed away Europe and Asia, thousands of miles of thorns and copper camels. Barbarians sometimes "make history". The Han civilization still has the tenacity of "assimilation" in the pool of blood, and it does not realize that it has also been "assimilated" by barbarism, but no one has studied it deeply.