Who brought Russia down?

This is an issue that seems to have little controversy in later generations, and even the leading big brother of Russia in later generations spoke: it is Lenin and his Bolsheviks!

In mid-April 1917, however, Hersmann could not do this to send a telegram to the Great General Staff in Berlin, which had already received Hersmann's first "Russian Report" from Petersburg, and Hindenburg, Ludendorff, and Wilhelm II, the Long Live of the German Empire, were all taken aback by the situation in Petersburg described by Hersmann in his report...... If the rest of Russia is like Petersburg, then it is certain that this invincible empire has collapsed!

While the big names in Germany breathed a sigh of relief -- now that the Eastern Front could finally sit back and relax, great question marks also appeared in their minds. Who is so capable of tossing and crippling Russia, which has not been defeated for four years after fighting the German Empire? Was it Lenin and the Bolsheviks?

So the task of unraveling the mystery of Russia's defeat was handed over to Hersman by airwaves...... Considering the seriousness and rigor peculiar to the Germans, Hersmann could not have sent a telegram to deal with an errand. He had to go deep into every aspect of Petersburg, write down what he saw and heard, and send it back to Berlin by telegram, where the Chief of the General Staff, the First Quartermaster, and the Deutsche Banzai would read most of them word for word. After reading it, he may be credited to Hersmann, so that when he returns to Germany, he will be promoted to major and receive a glittering Iron Cross of the first class.

Fortunately, during this time, Hersmann did not have anything important to do in Petersburg, just in time to do the investigation.

Now Comrade Lenin and his comrades-in-arms have successfully returned to Petersburg and are fully engaged in revolutionary work. He held Bolshevik **********, took part in various Soviet events, made speeches at mass meetings, published murderous articles in newspapers, and quarreled with everyone (including the leaders of the Mensheviks, the Social Revolutionaries, the Cadets, and most of the Bolsheviks).

The great mentor's revolutionary path still had some twists and turns, and during this time he seemed to have become a personal nuisance. His speech at the Finnish railway station caused an uproar for inciting the proletarian revolution, and the Cadets, Mensheviks, and Social Revolutionaries all opposed him.

At a later meeting of Bolshevik delegates, he threw out an even more hated "April Theses", the main contents of which were: 1. End the war and bring peace to Russia; 2. The land belongs to the peasants, and the factories belong to the workers; 3. All banks shall be confiscated; 4. No support for the bourgeois Provisional Government, and all power to the Soviets; 5. Immediately launch the proletarian revolution to overthrow the Provisional Government and achieve the above goals!

To sum it up, it is one sentence: stop the foreign war and start the internal strife!

As soon as this April Theses were published, Comrade Lenin immediately became a ...... Enemy of the Nation.

Plekhanov, the leader of the Mensheviks, who had just returned from Italy, was a veteran of the introduction of Marxism into Russia, published an article refuting the April Theses point by point.

Lenin's good friend Kerensky said that Lenin had been in Switzerland for a long time, did not understand Russia, and was an isolated madman.

And the soldiers of the Petersburg garrison and the Kronstadt sailors, whom Lenin wanted to win over, simply marched in the streets - asking Comrade Lenin to go back to Germany!

Even within the Bolshevik Party, Lenin was in unprecedented isolation. Not only did many veteran Bolsheviks oppose Lenin, but they even went on to join the Mensheviks after quarreling with Lenin. Even Stalin and Kamenev expressed their disapproval of the April Theses. And in the vote of the Bolshevik Party, the April Theses were also met with widespread opposition, and only the pioneer of the feminist movement, who returned from the United States, and the advocate of the doctrine of a glass of water (sleeping with a man is equal to drinking a glass of water), supported Lenin......

Under these circumstances, Comrade Lenin did not need the help of Hersmann, a German agent, for the time being, for foreign aid - he had to find a way to solve the internal problems of the Bolsheviks before he could do a big job.

And the Bolshevik congress, which was held behind closed doors, was not qualified to attend by Hersmann, an outsider. So these days, together with Ettel and Chloe, he put on a bad tweed suit and became an idle secondary school teacher - the middle schools in Petrograd had been largely closed since the February Revolution - and went in and out of the barracks in St. Petersburg, and listened to interesting meetings of the Soviets!

The three German spies, now holding the documents of the representatives of the Petersburg Teachers' Soviet, who Mrs. Kollentai (Lenin did not have time to greet Hersmann and the others now, let this unpopular "****" contact them) somewhere got them, visited every barracks and port that should have been heavily guarded without hindrance.

Yes, there is nothing in the way! In most cases, no one even checks their documents, just put a red armband on their arm and swagger straight through!

The trio are now swaggering inside the Kronstadt Fortress, the most heavily guarded naval base in the Russian Empire. They had taken the ferry to Kotlin Island, where the Kronstadt Fortress was located, half an hour earlier, but a sentry at the ferry just asked, under the pseudonym Anna. Chloe of Petrovna coped with it in sweet Russian and passed. I didn't even show my documents!

The island was deserted, and there was not a single soldier in the drill, and dozens of naval warships, large and small, were moored in the harbor, including four Gangut-class dreadnoughts with great firepower, all floating limply in the water. No training or maintenance was in progress, except for a few men in sailor uniforms strolling lazily around the deck.

"This is the military port of Kronstadt! God, this is the home port of the Baltic Fleet, the most heavily guarded fortress in all of Russia, how can this be......"

"It used to be ...... Green, I now know who destroyed Russia. ”

"Who is it?"

"It's certainly not Lenin, he can't do anything these days, he's arguing with his own people!"

"Anna is right, Lenin and the Bolsheviks did nothing, it was the Soviets who really brought down Russia!"

"That's right! It was the anarchist Soviets that ruined Russia! Etel was the same as Hersmann - in fact, this was the view of most of the people in the Provisional Government!

Now everyone is arguing with Lenin, but really no one is putting the blame for the "collapse" of Russia on his head. Because that's not true, even if Lenin is captured and shot, the situation in Russia will not get any better.

Because the real trouble now is that Russia has a, no, a whole bunch of organizations called Soviets!

The term Soviet was not new to Hersmann, and if translated literally, it meant "congress". The most common slogan heard in Petersburg today is: All power belongs to the Soviets!

It's just that the Soviets have the final say in everything. There doesn't seem to be anything wrong with that...... Democracy! The Soviets are congresses elected by everyone, and naturally they have power. But the problem is that the power of the Soviets seems to be a little greater, and there are too many Soviets!

In the spring of 1917 alone, more than 700 Soviets sprang up all over Russia at once, all claiming to represent the interests of certain peoples. For example, the workers have the workers' soviets, the peasants have the peasant soviets, the soldiers have the soldiers' soviets, and the teachers have the teachers' soviets. And so many Soviets were all separate and not subordinate to each other. Although there was a body called the Petersburg Soviet, which in fact seemed to be the Central Soviet, the Petersburg Soviet basically did not come up with any useful resolutions, and the more than 2,000 deputies were arguing and debating all day long, and naturally they could not control the small Soviets below.

Moreover, these Soviets were not simply "parliaments", but a combination of parliament, government and the judiciary. Power at the grassroots level in Russia is controlled by these more than 700 Soviets. The Provisional Government, which "represented the interests of the bourgeoisie", was an empty government that no one listened to, and of course there was no money or soldiers - the army was there, but it could not command the soldiers, because the soldiers also had their own Soviets and soldiers' committees. By the way, there was no police in this Provisional Government, because the police in Petersburg disappeared after the February Revolution, and the social order in Petersburg was now under the responsibility of the garrison, who, of course, had its own Soviets and soldiers' committees......

Moreover, contrary to the impression of later generations, the Bolsheviks had little influence in these Soviets. The majority of the Soviet deputies were Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, and the Bolsheviks were only a minority of the various Soviets, probably less than 10% of the total number of deputies.

The so-called Soviets led by the Bolsheviks were nothing to do - if Lenin's Bolsheviks were to be able to lead more than 700 Soviets in all of Russia, it would not be the October Revolution, but the April Revolution!

However, it would not be right to say that the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Mensheviks could lead the Soviets. Because these two parties are very loose, there is no such thing as subordinates obeying superiors and the whole party obeying the central committee. There is also no effective democratic process internally, and there is no such thing as a person who speaks from above. But the proletariat below could not afford to offend, and if they did not follow them, the Soviet deputies let people open every second.

These bitter Russian proletariats are now not the masters of the country, but the ancestors of the country!

At the end of the article, Luo Luo begged for recommendation votes, collections, rewards, comments, and thanked new and old readers for their support. For mobile phone users, please visit http://m.piaotian.net