Chapter VIII Determination of the President
On the morning of Deng Feng's arrival in Yanjing, that is, at this airport in the western suburbs, Zhou Enlai, on behalf of the [***] Central Committee, went to the Soviet Union to hold talks with Stalin, who was recuperating in the Black Sea, on the issue of the dispatch of the Soviet Air Force. Zhou Enlai, ** first flew to Moscow, under the command of the Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei. Accompanied by Vyshinsky, on October 11 he made a transit flight to the Black Sea. Andre. Vyshinsky sent Zhou Enlai to the beach house and immediately went to see Stalin.
At this time, Stalin was looking at the telegram that he had decided to send troops to North Korea: "Comrade Filipov (Stalin's code name):
1. We have decided to send a part of our troops to the DPRK in the name of the Volunteer Army to fight the troops of the United States and its lackey Syngman Rhee and to assist the Korean comrades, and we consider it necessary to do so. Because if the whole of Korea is occupied by the Americans, and the revolutionary forces in Korea suffer a fundamental defeat, the American aggressors will be even more rampant, and it will be detrimental to the whole East.
2. We believe that since we have decided to dispatch the Chinese [***] team to Korea to fight the Americans, first, we must be able to solve the problem, that is, we must prepare to annihilate and expel the invading forces of the United States and other countries in Korea; Second, since the Chinese [***] team is fighting the US [***] team in Korea (although we are using the name of the Volunteer Army), we must prepare for the United States to declare a state of war with China, and we must prepare for the United States to at least use its air force to bomb many large cities and industrial bases in China, and use its navy to attack the coastal areas.
Stalin did not squeak for a long time, and he felt a little guilty in his heart, as early as July 2, China and the Soviet Union exchanged views on the Korean issue many times. On July 2, Soviet Ambassador to China Roshen sent a telegram to Stalin that reflected this situation. The content of the telegram was very simple: Roshen asked Zhou Enlai, the US troops have been dispatched, what are your plans? Zhou Enlai replied that we have made full preparations for battle, and we have now assembled three armies in the northeast and are ready to attack at any time. But we will send the army, and the Soviets will have to provide air cover. On July 5, Stalin called back, yes. However, he attached a condition, that is, if the enemy crossed the 38th parallel, then the squadron [***] must be dispatched, and the Soviet side sent the air force to cover it. However, after the U.S. troops landed at Incheon, they defied everything and crossed the 38th parallel, occupied Pyongyang, and then advanced northward in great strides. At this time, he asked ** to consider the issue of sending troops, ** resolutely decided to send troops despite the fact that the war in the country had not yet ceased and the economic construction was in ruins. But he didn't want to go out to the air force at this time.
Stalin looked at Andrei. Vyshinsky said: "Can the Chinese [***] team resist the US [***] team in North Korea? If they can't resist it, the U.S. [***] team will think that since the Chinese [***] team has appeared on the Korean battlefield, they have a reason to cross the Yalu River, and we have already sent out the air force at that time, who will be counted in this battle? Did Zhou Enlai mention the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty? ”
Vyshinsky said: ", I look at Zhou Enlai's tone, ** the dispatch of troops is decided, and he will never regret it." He did not mention the matter of the treaty".
Stalin shook the telegram in his hand and said: "** is not small in determination. But will his army be able to stop the U.S. [***] team inside North Korea? The United States transferred Eisenhower back to Europe, and MacArthur met with Truman on Wake Island and personally promised to end the Korean War after Christmas and transfer two divisions from the Far East back to Europe to strengthen NATO. If at this time we are involved in the Korean War and NATO moves in Europe, we will be attacked on both sides. We still persuaded Zhou Enlai to tell him that it was best to not send troops. Let him stay at the villa for a few more days first, and then I'll talk to him. ”
"Comrade Stalin, as soon as Zhou Enlai got off the plane, he told me that his talks with you should not be delayed, and that in the Chinese words, 'saving soldiers is like fighting fires'. I think I should see Zhou Enlai immediately and listen to the purpose of his visit and talk about it in depth. ”
"It's going to be delayed for a few days, even for a week."
"We dragged Zhou Enlai here, it can't be the same as dragging the ** inaction." Andre. Vyshinsky said a little timidly.
Stalin looked at Andrei with an unhappy face. Vyshinsky glanced at it and said: "Then according to the meaning of the Chinese, let's talk."
Soviet Foreign Minister Vyshinsky immediately informed Zhou Enlai of the meeting,
After the two sides were seated, Zhou Enlai said to Stalin: "Comrade ** asked me to greet Comrade Stalin on his behalf. ”
After expressing his gratitude, Stalin said: "Comrade Zhou Enlai, Vyshinsky said that you are in a hurry, and some things still need to be negotiated." ”
"Comrade Stalin, things are in a hurry, because Christmas is very close, and the US imperialist troops are about to advance to the Yalu River. Can they stop? We no longer estimate that we must stop their aggressive behavior. Zhou Enlai first told Stalin that on October 5, the enlarged meeting of the [***] Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed a resolution to send troops to Korea, and then raised the question of the dispatch of the Soviet Air Force. He said that China is facing two main difficulties: First, its equipment is backward, and it does not have aircraft, artillery, or tanks, and it needs to be provided by the Soviet Union. Stalin said, this is no problem, give what you want, give as much as you want. Second, we will send the army, and the Soviet side will definitely send the air force. Stalin wanted to drag it out at this time and see the results of the fight between the Chinese and the Americans, so he replied: It is okay to dispatch the air force, but the air force is technically complex and requires a certain amount of preparation time. You can send it first, and after two months, the Soviet Union will send out the air force. Zhou Enlai thought that such an arrangement was inappropriate and insisted that both sides should send troops at the same time. Stalin was afraid that if China was defeated after he sent his troops, the Soviet-American war would start. Wouldn't that be a part-time job for China? Therefore, he always insisted on his own opinion, and proposed that the two families who did not send troops to abandon North Korea and let Kim Yuecheng establish a political axe in exile in Shenyang, China. Zhou Enlai immediately realized: Wouldn't letting Jin Yuecheng establish a political axe in exile in China would set him on fire! That's absolutely not going to work, the two sides have different ideas, and it is difficult to reach an agreement on whether to send troops at the same time or one after another. Zhou Enlai made a detailed report on the situation.
**In your own study. Looking at this telegram, he thought, "The dispatch of troops by both sides is predetermined. Why did I send troops first? How could Stalin go back on his word like this. How can this battle be fought without the cover of the Air Force?"
Lit a cigarette. With a hiss, he took a deep puff of cigarette: "Now that the enemy has really crossed the 38th parallel, the squadron is really going to be dispatched, but Stalin gave me a 'Air Force technology is complex and requires a certain amount of preparation time' It takes two months for a few planes of your Air Force to transfer to the field, and it takes half a year for our infantry to be thousands of troops. Giving up North Korea and letting Kim Yuecheng establish a political axe in exile in Shenyang, China, isn't this directly introducing the flames of war into China"**I feel very angry when I think of this, it seems that this big brother is unreliable, you Stalin can not be trusted, and I can't. But it's really not easy to do right now. He thought of the Politburo meeting on the afternoon of October 4, when everyone was opposed to sending troops to North Korea. Even Peng Dehuai, who is most supportive of his own troops, is saying that "if the Soviet Union completely abandons it, we will not send troops; If the Soviet Union is half-dead and can help, then China and the Soviet Union will unite and fight with the Americans." On October 5, it was under the premise of the Soviet Air Force. The enlarged meeting of the Politburo passed the resolution to send troops to North Korea. It seems that if we want to send troops without an air force, we must continue to do a good job in unifying the thinking within the party. For the sake of the country's long-term peace and stability, this battle must be fought, even if the Soviet Union does not produce an air force! ** Twisted the cigarette butt heavily in the ashtray and made the final determination. He picked up the brush on his desk. The force through the back of the paper wrote:
Comrade Enlai,
1. After discussing the results with the comrades of the Politburo, it was unanimously agreed that our army should still be dispatched to Korea for the benefit of the DPRK. In the first period, it was possible to fight the puppet army exclusively, and our army was sure to deal with the puppet army, and it was possible to open up the base areas of Korea in the mountainous areas north of Wonsan and Pyongyang lines. It can lift the Korean people. In the first period, as long as we can annihilate a few divisions of the puppet army, the situation in Korea can change in our favor.
2. The above-mentioned positive policies are extremely beneficial to China, the DPRK, the East, and the world. However, if we do not send troops and let the enemy press to the Yalu River, and the arrogance of domestic and international reactionary will increase, it will be unfavorable to all sides, first of all, to the northeast. The entire Northeast Frontier Army will be sucked up, and South Manchurian power will be controlled.
In short, we believe that we should participate in the war, we must participate in the war, and the benefits of participating in the war are great, and the losses of not participating in the war are very great.
A staff member quietly walked in and reported softly: "Chairman, Liu Yalou and Chang Qian are here." Let them in".** said. Send this telegram to Ambassador Wang Jiaxiang and ask him to forward it to the Prime Minister.
Soon Liu Yalou and Chang Qian walked in. The chairman waved his hand to the sand across from him and motioned for them to sit there, saying, "How's the situation going?"
The two of them gave a brief report on what they had learned about the day, and put a few important recordings in between. For two hours, I kept talking and listened to their reports silently. Finally, he asked, "What do you two air force commanders think of his combat plan?"
Liu Yalou quickly glanced at Chang Qiankun and replied: "Judging from our level of understanding, it is impossible. But judging by the planes they fly and the equipment they use, there's nothing impossible. We just listened to his introduction, but we often saw the plane with our own eyes. The thing he called a laptop was so advanced. As he spoke, he shook the USB flash drive in his hand and said, "According to him, this little thing can store 100,000 books with 500,000 characters. We're not testing whether we can fit that much. But now we see millions of words of information and pictures. So it's not accurate to judge from our experience whether their solution is feasible."
**Subconsciously glanced at his bookshelf and said, "You guys immediately send someone to verify the situation. And at the same time, you guys will sort out the stuff there," ** said, gesturing to his laptop. People need to be reliable. Be confidential. Submit their requests to the high post office. THAT and his advice were given to Nie Rongzhen. Tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock. You accompany Deng Feng. Let Nie Rongzhen come too."
** went on to say: "The Soviet Air Force may not be able to point to it. If such a team really exists, many things will be easier to do. Liu Yalou, you have to hurry up. I think Deng Feng's training opinion is very good. It's just a little smaller. You and Deng Feng will study it. I see that the first phase will be based on 2,000 ground crews and 300-400 pilots. What difficulties he has is solved by us. It's much better than if we had a Soviets as instructors. They were treated according to Soviet specialists."" Well, we will definitely implement the chairman's instructions as soon as possible. Tomorrow night the people who sent the base will set off. You will be at the base the morning after tomorrow."
Stood up and said, "Hold on. We can't afford to wait for the Korean War. If the U.S. military really occupies the entire Korean Peninsula, we won't even have a chance to intervene."
The two men also quickly stood up and even claimed to be. Then the chairman shook hands and said goodbye.