After the defeat of the Russian Revolution in 1905-1907, the revolution turned to a low ebb. But the task of the bourgeois revolution was not abolished. In July 1907, the resolution of the Third Congress of the Workers' Party of Russian Society stated: "The basic reasons that determined the Russian Revolution remained: the extreme incompatibility of the domestic political system and the requirements of economic development, the bankruptcy of the peasantry, the deepening of proletarian poverty, and the persistence of unemployment. ”

On the eve of the First World War, a new revolution had emerged in Russia, and the scale of the revolutionary struggle of the masses was already close to 1905, and its organizational and conscious surnames had been greatly increased. Workers' strikes in St. Petersburg, Moscow and other cities were constantly taking place and on a large scale. According to official figures, 725,000 people went on strike in 1912 and 887,000 in 1913. The actual number of strikers was significantly higher than the official figures. This revolutionary strike struggle of the masses was directly opposed to the tsarist [***] system. The outbreak of the First World War temporarily interrupted the development of the revolutionary movement.

Although the Russian Revolution was aborted, the trauma of the First World War was very great for Russia.

Tsarist Russia was an oppressive state, they were an administrative method that did not care whether the people lived or died, so Russia was very unstable internally, and its rule was very fragile.

The First World War, which began in 1914, was an imperialist war. Tsarist Russia was involved in waging this war of plunder. The war hastened the ripening of the time for revolution. During the war, the Russian national economy was severely damaged. Russia's industrial base was already underdeveloped. In 1913, the national steel production was only 4.2 million tons. The machine building industry and the chemical industry are weak. There is no automobile manufacturing industry. Many machines and weapons depend on foreign countries.

Before the war, Russia imported 37% of the machinery, and the self-sufficiency rate of important equipment and lathes was less than 1/3. The war weakened Russia's commercial ties with foreign countries, and imports of machinery fell sharply. From 1914 to 1916, although the Russian machine industry grew somewhat, most of its products were consumed by the war.

According to statistics, the products of 123 large machine building industries increased from 200.3 million rubles to 954.6 million rubles during this period. The average military production is growing more than 13 times per year, while civilian production is growing by only 40 percent.

In 1916, the agricultural machinery product was only 1/5 of the pre-war period, and the production of locomotives and carriages was significantly reduced, with locomotives and carriages reduced by 16% and carriages by 14%. There is a serious shortage of machines and lathes, which in turn affects the decline in ore, coal and oil extraction. Due to the lack of fuel, raw materials, the blast furnace was ceased, and many factories had to be closed. Before the war, textile mills that relied on imported cotton production ceased production. In 1916, 20% of the looms in Petrograd could not be operated. On the front line, there is a serious shortage of weapons, ammunition. 60,000 rifles were needed every month, but only 134,000 were made in August-December 1914. 800 machine guns were needed per month, and in the second half of 1914 a total of 860 machine guns were manufactured. Traffic and transportation are severely blocked. Railways cannot afford to transport the tasks that have increased dramatically.

Food was scarce in Petrograd, Moscow and other industrial cities, but in Siberia, the Urals, the Caspian Sea, the Volga and the Don rivers, a lot of grain, meat and fish rotted. In 1916, 150,000 wagons of spoiled grain were stored. Sea freight is not good either. The Baltic Sea and the Black Sea have long been blockaded by Germany and Austria-Hungary. Contacts between Russia and the allies were mainly through Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Vladivostok. However, there is no railway between the interior and Murmansk. The railway from Arkhangelsk to Vologda was narrow-gauge (in 1916 it was changed to broad gauge) and was inconvenient for transport.

Vladivostok is too far from the Russian hinterland. As a result, large quantities of goods were piled up in ports and could not be transported into the interior. In Arkhangelsk, coal is piled up like mountains, and along the wharf there are boxes of lathes for the arsenal. In Murmansk, ships wait for weeks and months to be unloaded.

A large amount of ammunition and other war materials sold to Tsarist Russia before the East China Political Axe were piled up in the port in large quantities such as grain, cotton cloth, medicine, etc.

Moreover, the unloading time is so long, East China Ocean Shipping Company is reluctant to accept such a transportation order, you must know that for cargo ships, waiting for an extra ten minutes of unloading time is a loss.

Especially in this period of skyrocketing ocean freight profits, efficiency is key.

However, Tsarist Russia's orders are still flying towards China, which is inseparable from a key surname, that is, Gregory? Yefimovich? Rasputin, this is a favorite of Tsar Nicholas II.

Rasputin was a Siberian peasant who, after several years of wandering, appeared as a monk who had been secretly trained in medicine and posed as a "prophet". In 1905, he was introduced to the Tsarist court, where he was favored by Alexandra and Nicholas II. Alexandra saw him as a saint sent by God to save the throne and support Russia, and as the embodiment of the common people who remained pious to the [***] system. Alexandra also turned a blind eye to Rasputin's scandal and did not hear it. At that time, in the Tsarist court, if anyone dared to speak ill of Rasputin bluntly, it would definitely make Alexandra unhappy. As a result, Rasputin said that he gradually gained power.

In the last years of Nicholas II's reign, especially in 1915, when he took command of the front, the Fox Dog Party in the Tsarist court, led by Rasputin, held great power in the hands of the royal family, until the appointment and dismissal of prime ministers, ministers, and the issuance of licenses to speculative merchants. Under the auspices of Rasputin and his henchmen, the entire state apparatus was paralyzed.

Nicholas II initially kept a sense of distance from Rasputin, a somewhat godlike figure, and was able to gain Nicholas II's trust mainly because of Nicholas II's empress Alexandra, who was German and a carrier of hemophilia.

When Alexandra was in a relationship with Nicholas II, Wilhelm II of Germany supported it, because it would bring hemophilia into the Russian royal family.

After Alexandra gave birth to four daughters and a son for Nicholas II, the youngest son fell ill with hemophilia.

Hemophilia is a genetic disease that occurs mainly in male surnames, and when Nicholas II's youngest son fell ill, Nicholas II thought of Rasputin, and it turned out that the illness was really relieved, and it worked every time.

Rasputin thus gained the trust of Nicholas II, who was soon seen as an emissary sent by God to save Tsarist Russia and the imperial family.

In fact, no one can say for sure whether it was sent by God or not, and this kind of thing is not so easy to discern, just as the Chinese dynasties have always had frequent demons on the eve of their destruction.

Whether these demons have the support of mysterious powers or not, it is difficult for the world to know.

But one thing that can be made clear is that this Rasputin is indeed greedy for money, and most of the orders in East China are made in the form of sharing in Tsarist Russia.

It is generally a three-percent share, and the safety of funds is guaranteed.

Three percent of it! If you can get an arms order of 100 million pounds, then you can get 3 million pounds, and 3 million pounds is 30 million revival dollars, or 15 million dollars.

Three percent is indeed a lot, but as far as the profit of arms orders is concerned, this profit is still within reach, after all, the profit of arms orders is generally more than 200 percent, and in this period.

Rasputin is currently in the position of commander-in-chief of the front line, and for the paranoid Russian empress, Rasputin can alleviate the symptoms of hemophilia, and whoever is more Rasputin can't get along with her.

Nicholas II also believed that this was a messenger sent by God to save the royal family, so he obeyed Rasputin's words, and it was not easy for Rasputin to get some orders.

In addition, the arms sold by the East China Political Axe are indeed more in line with the appetite of Tsarist Russia, that is, there are high-priced high-surnamed arms, and there are also low-end arms with relatively high prices and relatively high prices.

At this time, Tsarist Russia was blocked by Germany to the west of the communication line in Europe, and shipping was blocked by Turkey, so there was only one place left to buy arms.

As for the problem of transport blockage, this is not a problem, whether to buy arms orders or not is still a matter of Rasputin's words, and the operation of Tsarist Russia itself is chaotic, this is not a problem.

But even if the management was chaotic, and suddenly the East China political axe wanted to move the knife against Mobei Mongolia, Tsarist Russia also reacted.

The Tsarist embassy has been trying to persuade the East China political axe on the Outer Mongolia issue, but it cannot say that the East China political axe is the East China political axe, and Outer Mongolia itself is a part of China.

Militarily, at this time, Tsarist Russia fell into World War I, and there was no time to deal with it on the Western Front, let alone the Eastern Front, and Xia Jun knew that Tsarist Russia would fall into revolution, so he didn't take Tsarist Russia seriously.

At this time, China's strength has surpassed that of Tsarist Russia, especially its industrial strength, China's steel output has been twice that of Tsarist Russia, and it is naturally incomparable with Tsarist Russia in terms of military strength, but the East China Army is also far superior to the Russian army in terms of quality.

If it is said that the East China political axe did not surprise the Chinese people to move the knife in Tibetan Province, then for Mobei Mongolia, the Chinese people think that they may think about it carefully.

Because Tsarist Russia is on the border of China, and it is also an old power.

Even if Tsarist Russia was defeated by Yueben once, and Yueben was defeated by the East China Army at this time, at least it is this kind of tabletop thing, and it has to be carefully prepared to use force.

However, the East China Army once again surprised people's expectations, and after receiving the news of the recovery of Tibetan Province, Zhang Jiyu, who had become the commander of the North China Military Region, immediately called back to the military headquarters, claiming that the North China Military Region had made adequate preparations.

Zhang Jiyu, as Xia Jun's old subordinate, as Xia Jun has come all the way to such a height, Zhang Jiyu wants to prove that his ability is not limited to this. Zhang Jiyu also has his own ideals, especially when Xia Jun was doing ideological education for the officers of the East China Army, he took the ancient Huo Quzhi, Wei Qing, Yue Fei, and Qi Jiguangshu as examples.

Guan Yu enshrined in the Wusheng Temple was removed by the East China political axe and became Yue Fei, Yue Fei is the real martial saint, Guan Yu is the martial saint established by the Manchu Qing Dynasty who admired the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and before that, the martial saint of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty has always been Yue Fei.

The East China political axe is not only de-Westernizing, but also de-Manchuization, and is committed to restoring pure Chinese culture and customs.

Zhang Jiyu also wants to achieve the same feats as these famous generals, especially in this era, when China is in the midst of a strong rise and the great powers dominate the world.

In such an era, if China wants to dominate the world, it must first break its inherent power, and there is no choice but force.

Although the last years of the Manchu Qing Dynasty were not a good era, it was an era that gradually came out of the darkness.

But at this time, the early years of the Republic of China were definitely a very good era, because this was an era that gradually moved towards light and the road to heaven.

In this era, there are opportunities to expand the territory.

Sweeping away the four provinces and carrying forward the national prestige are all things that this generation can do, because at this time China already has the strength to compete for hegemony with the great powers, because at this time China's political, military, and economic systems have been gradually improved, and it has entered a stage of rapid development.

In addition to having the strength to compete for hegemony with the great powers, there is also a strong desire to compete for hegemony with the great powers, and this is the goal of struggle put forward by the chairman of the NPC National Committee, and it is also a goal that this generation and future generations must strive for.

Miracles have been created before, and there will be more miracles in the future.

Zhang Jiyu hopes that he can leave his footprints and name in the miracle, which is also the goal he is striving for at this time.

Under Zhang Jiyu's strong request, Xia Jun approved Zhang Jiyu's request and ordered the North China Military Region to march into Kulun, Outer Mongolia, and annihilate the Great Mongolia.

On 6 April, most of the North China Military Region marched from Datong, Shanxi Province to Mobei Mongolia!

The cold wind of hunting had not stopped, and groups of cars and motorcycles were marching on the grassland, most of them motorized troops, of which there was only one armored brigade.

The North China Military Region has an armored division, and Zhang Jiyu takes half of it, just to deal with Tsarist Russia, which may have to deal with it, and having armored troops can reduce the casualties caused by possible conflicts.

As for why you didn't take an armored division to Mobei, it was because there was no complete logistics system on the road. In Zhang Jiyu's view, this military operation was just an exercise, a marching exercise.

The military strength of Outer Mongolia is very weak, and the strength of Tsarist Russia is not to be worried, even if there is a conflict, it is only to solve the other side with fewer casualties.

On April 8, Zhang Jiyu led his troops into Kulen, Outer Mongolia, and the Russian army in Kulen was crushed by lightning, and there was no room for counterattack.

Immediately, Zhang Jiyu hijacked the "cabinet manager" Badma? Dorji, the living Buddha of Jebtsundamba under house arrest.

A military operation was quickly completed, and on April 9, Outer Mongolia formally submitted a letter to Li Yuanhong, President of the Republic of China, petitioning for the abrogation of all Russian-Mongolian treaties.

On 11 April, Li Yuanhong decreed the abolition of Outer Mongolia's autonomy by means of the "Proclamation of the President of China," and that the East China United Autonomous Government should act as the administrative and national defense affairs of Outer Mongolia on his behalf, and at the same time abolished the "Sino-Russian Declaration" and the "Kyakhta Agreement."

The military operation against Outer Mongolia unfolded and ended so quickly, which made many people feel stunned, Duan Qirui was one of them, he originally thought it was not so fast, but what he didn't expect was that it was really done so quickly.

Of course, this is not completely done, at least not on the side of Tsarist Russia, the East China Army assaulted Kulen and killed nearly 3,000 Russian troops, and the rebound of Tsarist Russia will be solved by the East China political axe.

Li Yuanhong, on the other hand, was very fast, and after receiving the news from Outer Mongolia, he made a series of reactions in just two days.

Xia Jun sent a note to the Tsarist Russian Embassy, demanding that Tsarist Russia return the Tangnu-Ulianghai area, otherwise it would take military action.

In the eyes of others, Tsarist Russia is a behemoth, but Xia Jun does not take Tsarist Russia to heart.

In 1912, there was a crisis of "reading power" in Outer Mongolia in northern China, and its impact also spread to the Tangnu Ulianghai region. At the beginning of the same year, at the instigation of Tsarist Russian merchants, there was an incident of looting of inland merchants in the Tangnu-Ulianghai area, and mainland merchants fled the area one after another. In February, at the instigation and support of Tsarist Russia, Gongbu Dorji, the deputy commander of the Tangnu Banner, announced the "Reading Power" of the three banners under his subordinate, and requested Tsarist Russia to send troops to occupy all important places in the Tangnu Ulianghai area. Gongpot Dorji's actions were not approved by his subordinates, and the two banners of Sarajik and Tojin showed strong opposition, but the banners obeyed the appeasement of the Jebtsundamba clique in Outer Mongolia. Although the change in the situation provided an opportunity for Tsarist Russia, the entry of the Tangnu-Ulianghai banners into the Outer Mongolian rebel group disrupted Tsarist Russia's plan to annex the Tangnu-Ulianghai region, because Tsarist Russia wanted to directly occupy the region, not let it "read".

In 1913, instead of acceding to the request to send troops, Tsarist Russia sent officials to intensify the implementation of the resettlement program in an attempt to achieve the goal of de facto possession of the Tangnu-Ulianghai region. Since then, Russian immigration has increased at an unprecedented rate, and Russian police have been dispatched to the region. At the same time, Tsarist Russia used coercion and inducement to force the Tangnu Ulianghai banners to submit applications for "protection" to them. In July 1914, Tsarist Russia decided to "protect" the banners of the Tangnu-Ulianghai and appointed Grigoriev as the commissioner of the Ulianghai border area, and began to take various measures to establish its rule over the Tangnu-Ulianghai region, which had in fact become a colony of Tsarist Russia.

The Tangnu-Ulianghai region is an area that has not been properly incorporated into the territory of Tsarist Russia, and nominally belongs to China.

Therefore, it is unreasonable to ask Tsarist Russia to return Tangnu Ulianghai in itself, but if Tsarist Russia does not return it, it just gives Xia Jun a reason to take military action against Tsarist Russia.

The sudden crisis of Tangnu-Ulianghai made the Entente highly nervous, and the British and French embassies intervened in the matter one after another, and demanded that Tsarist Russia return Tangnu-Ulianghai and China.

After all, Tangnu Ulianghai did not belong to Tsarist Russia, and the Entente had to try their best to appease the East China political axe at this time, so as not to let the East China political axe move against Tsarist Russia at this time.

After all, Russia was fighting fiercely with Germany in the west, and although it was losing one after another, at least the main force still existed.

If relations with the East China political axe deteriorate in the Far East, it will affect the whole of Russia, and Russia will enter an environment of closed transportation.

In itself, Tsarist Russia took over Tangnu and Ulianghai illegally, so Britain and France were full of justice to put pressure on Tsarist Russia.

The result was even more unexpected, and only three days later, Tsarist Russia gave a reply to withdraw from the Tangnu-Ulianghai region.

All this makes people feel incredible, because China has just defeated Yuben and is not an old power, so the people's understanding of the power is insufficient, and they have not fully realized what kind of voice China has as a country among the great powers, while Xia Jun fully understands the current situation, so he can be so unscrupulous to solve the problem of Outer Mongolia and Tangnu Ulianghai by force.

Tsarist Russia was willing to withdraw from the Tangnu-Uliang Sea, firstly, because it was unfavorable to fight on the front line and did not want to fight on two fronts, and secondly, Rasputin gave Nicholas II a warning.

Of course, even without Rasputin's reason, Nicholas II did not dare to touch China's mold at this time, but according to Rasputin, Nicholas II dropped several beloved antiques.

(To be continued)