Chapter 180: Constitution-making
The Queen's family felt new to Downing's talk about the origin of oil, but it wasn't exciting enough, and the next thing Downing said about the oil exploration equipment he was developing was interesting enough. (For the latest chapters, please visit wèn)
According to Downing's oil formation theory, oil is the easiest to find in areas that used to be ancient coasts, and oil has two major characteristics: first, the place where the oil field appears will show violent gravitational changes, because its mass density is different, so the first equipment is a gravitational detector. Springs that can measure gravity with high accuracy are not made of ordinary metal, but also use quartz, which can also be called glass. They're stretched so fine that you see them like springs of silver hair. The recovery period of a large quartz spring can reach the level of 1,000 seconds, and if you imagine a spring being pulled and let go, and it takes 1,000 seconds to recover, you can feel its sensitivity to force.
The second feature is even more magical. Magnetic anomalies in oil fields. Iron oxide in rock or soil can be reduced to magnetite due to the leakage of hydrocarbons into the ground, and this magnetic anomaly can be detected with a high-precision magnetometer.
The magnetometer can also be manufactured using quartz springs, but it is as susceptible to vibration as the gravimeter, so it is not suitable for measuring in motion with an airship, once the airship cannot be used, the work efficiency will be exponentially reduced, so the magnetometer conceived by Downing should be suitable for operation in motion. This time, nucleon paramagnetism is utilized.
Under the action of an external magnetic field, the spin protons will be arranged in a certain direction. Its magnetic properties are very small, and can only be reflected in some countermagnetic substances with very low magnetic susceptibility, such as certain hydrocarbon liquids (water, alcohol, glycerol, etc.). In these samples, the protons are excited by a strong magnetic field and have a fixed-direction arrangement, and if the external magnetic field is removed, the protons will rotate around the geomagnetic field t in the same phase under the action of the geomagnetic field, and the precession frequency f has the following relationship with the geomagnetic field t: t=23. 4872f in gamma. When the frequency f is determined, the value of the total magnetic field strength t can be calculated.
Magnetic exploration is the focus, the airship can follow the predetermined route, take magnetic field samples at intervals, and wait for the magnetic field exploration of the route to complete, and then carry out gravity anomaly detection according to the magnetic anomaly, which requires the airship to land and measure the number in a fairly quiet environment. Soil sampling is carried out after filtering to the most likely exploration focus, and if oil shale is found, it is almost like discovering an oil field.
Terrible! This super dream exploration combination made the prince and principal worship the engineering god even more, and even felt more confident in his cancer, if the god could not cure his disease, there would be no one in this world who could cure it.
I'm afraid that only the principal of the prince has roughly understood the principle of the proton precession magnetometer, and the rest are all unconscious. Of course, Downing didn't say it casually, he wanted to use the opportunity of oil exploration to strengthen the ties of interests with Britain, and now the East India Company and NATO G4 are on the right side, a bit isolated, and they have to find a strong ally, and Britain is the best choice.
Downing will not reveal his focus on the Persian Gulf. Instead, it set up an organization called "Global Petroleum Exploration Company" to cooperate with the Royal Geographical Society of the United Kingdom to share the future benefits of oil and gas with the exploration route of the ancient geological coast as the core idea, and to raise funds from the capital markets of the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Bavaria, Sweden, Italy, India, Malaya, China, Japan and other places to form a solid alliance of interests.
Other countries and institutions can also apply to the Global Petroleum Exploration Company for cooperation, but they need their own geological exploration team to determine the route first, or pay the Royal Geographical Society to help.
By the time Downing arrived in Milan, his team had already written the plans for the oil exploration company and published them in the Telegraph. The main content includes the gravitational anomaly detector and magnetic anomaly detector that he introduced to the queen's family on the airship, of course, as for the quartz spring gravimeter and the proton precession magnetometer, you can't talk nonsense, now the world is not good, NATO G4 stares at the movement of the Windsor consortium every day to copy his technology, and some things can't be said nonsense.
The Constituent Assembly of the Italian Empire, which had attracted worldwide attention, was finally convened in Milan.
As the new emperor with a strong military force, Downing could have become the head of Italy with super-power, but he still paid tribute to General Washington, and barely said a word at the Constituent Assembly, except that whoever raised his hand to speak stood by name.
In order to avoid quarrels or even fights between the dissenting parties, the elites involved in the Constituent Assembly (as in Taiwan) could only speak to the emperor, and even if they wanted to debate, they could only speak to the emperor.
At the beginning of the first day of the conference, it was the most crucial part: whether the emperor had the command of the country's army. If he didn't even have this, the emperor would naturally be a real hypocrite. Well, the Italians obviously want the army to belong to the state, but in the face of such a strong emperor, even if he doesn't say a word, you don't dare to deprive him of military power, otherwise the country will not be established at all.
After weighing up, the constitution stipulated that the emperor was the only person in Italy who could have a private army, but his private army could only be formed at his own expense, called the royal army, and Italian subjects were not obliged to join the royal army. The Ministry of Defence is responsible to the elected Prime Minister, all citizens are obliged to serve in the military when they reach the age of 18, and the Ministry of Finance is responsible for military expenditure. The emperor was free to use his own royal army at his disposal, but if the national army was required to go to war, parliamentary consent was required.
Downing didn't know much about the history of the war, only the scrap of the Italian army during World War II, maybe it was better to have Sardinian and Lombard composed of Germanic people, so he didn't pay much attention to the national army. The Italians in the south, centered in Rome, were all hedonistic and undisciplined, and it was a shame to use this kind of army, and it was better to recruit the royal elite in the north, so he gladly accepted this most important clause.
The second important issue is whether the emperor has executive power. Even though he knew that without the emperor there would be no Italy today, the idealist Mazzini still adhered to the ideal of the Republicans, that the emperor must have no executive power, otherwise he would become the emperor of real power. With this big guy rushing ahead, others thought that their emperor was so generous and instructed Ma Zhini to be presumptuous. Eventually, the executive power was vested in the prime minister, and in order to save face for the emperor, there were still rules that the emperor could dismiss the cabinet and re-elect it up to two times a year to show royal authority.
The third important topic is parliamentary system. On this issue, the emperor finally spoke, and the House of Lords had the same power as the House of Commons, which was elected by all taxpayers, while the House of Lords was an elite house, composed of elites such as entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, lawyers, doctors, writers, artists, and military strategists, and set up professional committees to solve professional problems. Such a House of Lords is very different from the British House of Lords, it is a mobile elite society, and as for whether they are the elite of their industry, it is not the people who have the final say, but their peers.
Numerous Catholic clergy demanded their place in the House of Lords, and His Majesty the Emperor finally let out a cruel word: "There is no reliable evidence of the existence of God, I respect your way of life, and you can also become elected members of the House of Commons, but there is only one way to get a seat in the House of Lords: to form your God-protected army, to fight against my royal army and defeat me." ”
The clergy and pro-Catholic attendees could only bow their heads in disgrace. The Papal States were destroyed, and the French army, the protector of the Catholic Church, was kept out of the way, and of course these rookie sticks who did not have a single soldier had the slightest chance.
It's really hard to be a saint like Washington, especially when it comes to religious issues, and Downing, an atheist, can't help but be furious, and he really can't stand these godheads who don't talk about evidence. They take their privileges and intervention in the lives of their followers for granted. In the end, he finally held back a big trick - the emperor was the ultimate arbiter of religious affairs in Italy, and no one should argue with him anymore. This tactic has become a major focus of public criticism, as people are still accustomed to indulging religious freedom, even though it often leads to religious vendettas.
As for the Constituent Assembly's use of continental law over Downing's preferred common law system in the administration of justice, Downing had no objection. The Roman Empire achieved brilliant results in terms of law, especially after the dark Middle Ages, Roman law was revived at the same time in the Renaissance, the Italians were the teachers of Europe at that time, and of course they were very proud of their Roman legal heritage, so let them go, the European legal system is not incorrigible, but a little rigid.
When deciding on the capital, these guys were still proud of the glory of the Roman Empire, choosing Rome as the capital, and the emperor said lightly that he would build a royal palace in Milan, and the capital and the imperial palace could not be in the same city, whatever you wanted. Milan is the second most popular city in the capital, and there are many supporters, who ultimately feel like they are following the emperor, and Milan won the vote. (http://.)。
The reason why Downing chose to build his capital in Milan was that the Germanic descendants were industrious, brave, and self-disciplined, and would give the Italians a good start. The reason "for security reasons" was sufficient, it was Milan that unified the Italian Empire, and of course the Emperor felt that Milan was safer and more supportive of his rule.
Eventually, Italy became the first of the major countries to recognize the legal right to strike, but in order to prevent workers from abusing this power, it also stipulated that the striking enterprises could apply to the government for an audit, and that strikes were not allowed if the workers' wages were relatively high in the industry. Encourage healthy competition among factories in this area, and what is the proportion of this higher will be discussed by the industry associations and decided by the elected parliament in the future. Downing only proposed this counterweight to prevent lazy Italians from becoming lazy and eager to work only two hours a day, two days a week.
The emperor does not have the privilege of legislating, but he has the "privilege of initiating an unlimited number of national referendums on any law and one of its bylaws", and the emperor has only one, and of course he will not hold referendums every day, and such a shameless emperor may not be possible, right? Should......