Every country has had its share of glorious moments in history, and Spain is no exception.

1492 marked the beginning of this glorious moment, when the Kingdom of Spain under the leadership of the "Catholic Kings" captured Grenada and completed the "Reconquista". It was also in this year that the Genoese Christopher = Columbus, with the support of the Queen, led his fleet of only three ships to the other side of the Atlantic.

It was on the basis of these two events that an unprecedented Spanish empire was born, encompassing the Iberian Peninsula, almost the entire American continent, the Philippines, the Netherlands, Milan, Sicily, Sardinia and other places. It was the first power, the first power, the first empire in the world at that time.

However, its rise is also vigorous, and its death is also sudden. When Philip II's "Invincible Armada" was lost under the twin attacks of the English navy and the storm, the sun began to set on the empire. In 1648, the Netherlands became independent; In 1714, Flanders, Milan, Sardinia, and even Gibraltar were ceded; At the beginning of the 19th century, Bolívar and San Martín drove the empire out of the American continent; In 1899, when the Americans drove the Kingdom of Spain almost entirely to the Iberian Peninsula, the former behemoth had been completely reduced to a second-rate European state. History forges a country's national character. The splendor and decline have forged a generation of Spaniards: they still have the blood of their Roman, Gothic, Christian and Moorish ancestors in their veins, but they need the nourishment of modern civilization; They aspire to the prosperity of their country, but they do not have faith. The dynamics of division lie deep in Spain: economically, politically, socially. Antonio = Machado sadly called it "two Spains". The difference between industry and agriculture not only shows the backwardness of Spain's economy, but also the basic situation that Spain faces in the revolution towards modernization. While the whirlwind of the Industrial Revolution swept across the continent, Spain was belated. By the 20th century, agriculture accounted for 46% of the national economy of this southern European country. Modern industry is concentrated only in the "periphery" of the north - the textile factories of Catalonia, and the steel and shipbuilding industries of the Basque Country. Even the level of agriculture is surprisingly low.

In large areas of southern Spain, land belonged to landless tenant farmers; In the central and western regions, large numbers of desperate small farmers are overwhelmed by the problems of poor land, heavy debts and scattered land. These circumstances have created a serious divide between the rich and the poor. According to a statistic from the province of Ávila, 11,452 of the 13,530 land taxpayers have a daily income of less than 1 Celta. Most of these taxpayers were landowners, so one can imagine the economic situation of the landless peasants. In the cities, the living conditions of the working class are practically no different. This economic situation also shows that the social structure of Spain is still conservative. Although the so-called "enlightened monarchy" was a constitutional government after 1875, the king, the aristocracy, the landlords, the church, the military officers and the big businessmen still constituted the ruling class in Spain, and were the most staunch and solid supporters of conservative politics. The liberal bourgeoisie, the middle class and the intellectuals were the backbone of the republican power. When the Spanish fleet was wiped out in Manila Bay in 1899, it was these people who first launched the campaign to "rebuild" the already decadent country.

In the 30 years from 1898 to 1928, Spain faced a complex and unmanageable situation: educated urbanites demanded constitutional reform or even a republican form of government; Nationalist movements emerged in Catalonia and the Basque Country; In Spanish Morocco, Spain and its army were embroiled in the last colonial war; Socialist and anarchist forces began to systematically organize the population in an attempt to overthrow the government. In the Great Spanish Crisis in the summer of 1917, it was only due to the split of intellectuals and leftists in the opposition that King Alfonso XIII was saved from the same fate as Tsar Nicholas II. …,

Finally, the Spanish Civil War inevitably broke out!

After Franco became the leader of the Spanish rebellion, the war in Spain changed a lot!

In early July 1936, the Spanish "Foreign Legion" and the "Moorish Legion" held a military exercise in Ketam in Spanish Morocco, where pro-right officers of the "Spanish Military Alliance" rallied against the republic and elected General San Hurjo, who was in exile in Portugal, as its leader. The alliance issued a proclamation to all provinces in Spain and Morocco: all officers participating in the movement would receive promotions and lifetime pensions, and called for the purge of "unreliable" officers and soldiers in the army.

On the afternoon of the 17th, the Foreign Legion stationed in Genta and Melia in Morocco openly launched a rebellion in various cities of Spanish Morocco, with a total of about 35,000 rebels. The rebel forces imprisoned the commander-in-chief, General Gomez, and executed the commander of the Eastern Route Army, General Manuel = Moslaris!

On this very day, General Franco, the military governor of the Canary Islands, also instigated his own troops to start a rebellion. He issued this call: "The decision has been made to restore order in Spain . . . A General Franco has taken up the position to lead the movement. He appealed to the sentiments of all Spaniards who were willing to work for the revival of Spain. ”

Franco then flew to Tetouan, Morocco, to take command of the rebel forces.

Because Franco was well regarded among the most elite Spanish African Army, other troops stationed in Morocco were also involved in the rebellion. The rebel forces were overwhelmed, capturing Melilla and Ceuta, and controlling all of Spanish Morocco. On the morning of the 19th, escorted by a cruiser, the rebel troop convoy crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and anchored in front of the fortress of Alheciras, which, after a burst of indiscriminate artillery bombardment, surrendered. The rebel Moorish soldiers then landed and occupied the city.

It was here that their ancestors first landed on Spanish soil eight centuries ago.

General Franco's opposition to the government of the Republic is referred to in various books: National Army, Insurgents, Fascist Rebels, etc.

When Penang, the title "national" is recognized by major countries, including China!

The Prime Minister of the Republic, Quiroga, was rather embarrassed at this time. In order to prevent the army from rebelling, he once "dispatched" Franco, López and others to remote places such as the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands. However, in the face of warnings of an imminent rebellion by the army, the government turned a deaf ear and failed to complete any effective response. For this, Quiroga had to announce his resignation on the 18th.

Quiroga's resignation was by no means solely because of the Moroccan insurgency. On that day, an unprecedented rebellion broke out throughout Spain.

From the night of the 17th to the 18th, the National Army and the 22,000-strong National Guard launched an armed rebellion in various parts of Spain, and the cities of Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, and Pamplona were caught in the midst of battles between the National Army and the troops loyal to the Republic and the masses of workers and peasants.

Eighty per cent of the regular army, with about 120,000 officers and soldiers, have switched to the national army.

Also participating in the rebellion were right-wing paramilitaries, such as the Carlos "Volunteers". Throughout the northern front, Carlos sent volunteers armed with 19th-century firearms, led by the parish priest, to hold the front line under the banner of "Fight for God and King".

Half of the air force also joined the movement against the republic.

Undoubtedly, the National Army has the greatest military advantage. The only thing they failed was that something happened when they captured the navy.

In the face of the strong military strength of the national army, the only armed force that the government of the Republic could rely on at that time was the assault guard force that he had established himself. This force was brave and resolute, but it was too few in number to stand up to the Nationalists.

Although the vigilantes were also on the side of the Republic at the beginning of the rebellion due to their "inertia of work", their political stance made it difficult for them to be trusted by the Government of Madrid. …,

Faced with the crisis, the Spanish Communist Party sprang into action and called on the workers to join in the battle to defend the republic. "Flower of Passion" Iba Luli in Madrid Speech in Madrid:

"The whole country trembled with anger in the face of those brutal people. These are men with guns and war, bent on throwing democratic Spain into the abyss of terror. But they won't pass! ”

So, "they won't pass!" It became a rallying cry of resistance in Madrid and throughout the Republic. 200,000 workers responded to the call and flocked to Madrid from all over the country.

Workers need weapons to fight. The Communist Party and other socialist parties instigated them to demand weapons from the government, but both the Quiroga and the subsequent Martínez = Ballio government rejected the union's demands. The socialist parties then joined forces to remove the Barrio government, which had been in existence for only three hours.

The successor José = Heral, naturally, no longer dared to offend these workers and their representatives, agreeing to open the arsenal.

Although Heral agreed to open the arsenal, it was impossible to distribute the stockpile to 300,000 workers and arm them in such a short time. Not to mention the fact that Spain itself has so many weapons is also a question. Even if these weapons were in the hands of workers, teaching them how to use them would be time-consuming. Despite the lack of training, the forces of the republic finally showed themselves extremely valiantly in battle. The workers' armed forces, in particular, were not given regular weapons, and many of them took part in the battle for the defense of the Republic with shotguns, knives, forks, grenades or explosives!

In Madrid, some 10,000 people, policemen and soldiers loyal to the Republic stormed the Montana barracks, and the barracks commander, General Fanghul, and his 2,500 soldiers put up a stubborn resistance, forcing the assault guards to bring in 75-mm field guns. Finally, an officer sympathetic to the Republic opened the barracks gates, and the Montana barracks was finally lost! Clear