"What are the tanks that those arms dealers sold to Spain?"

At the Great Presidential Palace in Yanjing, Cao Kun looked at the description of the "Devil Tank" in the newspaper, and asked Yang Shuoming who was sitting in front of him with some surprise.

"The president is asking about the 'devil tank'." Yang Shuoming thought for a while, and then replied clearly, "I asked the Ministry of War, it is a 28-ton experimental medium tank designed by the Beijing factory, with a total weight of 28 tons, a width of 2.77 meters, a height of 2.05 meters, a crew of 5 people, the main weapon is a 75 mm 60 times diameter main gun, and the secondary weapon is two 7.62 mm machine guns, and the armor thickness is 18-60 mm. Powered by 'Christie' spring suspension, a Type 24 water-cooled diesel engine with 680 hp, a maximum speed of 58 km/h, a maximum range of 450 km, and the ability to pass 1 metre high obstacles, cross a 2.2 metre wide trench and climb a 37-degree slope, the surname can be quite advanced. ”

"A 28-ton tank? No wonder. Cao Kun was taken aback when he heard Yang Shuoming's answer, "There are no such big tanks abroad now, right?" ”

"Arguably the largest tank in the world at the moment." Yang Shuoming smiled and nodded.

From the late 20s to the early 30s, the Chinese Army has always attached great importance to armored weapons, and this 28-ton experimental tank can be said to be a landmark bold development for the Chinese. In the general environment of no more than a dozen tons of tanks at that time, the Chinese first developed an experimental tank with a strong forward-looking surname. Although it has so far produced more than 300 vehicles, about 50 of which were sold by arms brokers to the Franco regime in Spain, played a great role in the Spanish Civil War under the auspices of "Chinese mercenaries".

"We in China can now also export weapons to Western countries." Cao Kun's words were full of relief, but there seemed to be a hint of worry, "However, this time we sold such an advanced tank to the Spaniards, aren't you afraid that foreigners will use it against us after learning it?" ”

"If they learn, it's not necessarily a bad thing for us." Yang Shuoming said with a smile, "Just like battleships, we in China have learned the construction technology, although it is said that the enhancement of naval strength may pose a threat to Western countries, but for Western countries, our navy can also be used to fight against the capital and relieve their pressure in the East, from this point of view, it is also a good thing." ”

After listening to Yang Shuoming's explanation, Cao Kun always felt a little paradoxical, but he couldn't say anything wrong.

Although he is the president of the Republic of China, Cao Kun sometimes feels that his president seems to be working for Yang Shuoming, the finance minister.

Of course, Cao Kun would not have thought that the reason why Yang Shuoming would sell the advanced experimental tank to Spain was because he had a more long-term plan.

Cao Kun would not know that it was precisely because this experimental tank stimulated the military industry of Western countries that it would lead to the emergence of more advanced tanks in European countries in future wars, and it was these tanks that completely changed the political map of the European continent and led to the death of countless Western soldiers.

"The president can rest assured that the tanks we sold to Spain are simplified models, and they are not as good as the new tanks that we have equipped our troops with." Yang Shuoming seemed to guess what Cao Kun was thinking, and then said.

According to Yang Shuoming's requirements, China must build two models of every type of weaponry put into production, one is a normal type and the other is a simplified type.

The "simplified" version is a weapon that is simplified in every possible way, intended only to be produced in wartime, such as the experimental tank sold to Spain this time, which was a simpler model developed at the time of design for wartime use. In peacetime, such models were able to be produced in large quantities, but they were sent only to friendly countries in China. Like China's newest infantry fighting vehicle, there are also two models, one for the Chinese army and the other intended for China's ally, North Korea. If such a tank falls into the hands of the experts, they will have a completely wrong impression of the real combat capabilities of this infantry fighting vehicle and the Chinese tank, because these export models are different from the self-used models of the Chinese army - when someone has a bill in one pocket and only a few pieces of paper in the other, it is impossible to distinguish the difference between the contents of the two pockets.

China's current armament policy can be described as quite sensible. This policy enabled China to accumulate a sufficient quantity of first-rate equipment to meet the needs of war. If the war drags on, new equipment will be mass-produced, but this is the most simplified model, and the enemy has already consumed a lot of equipment at the same time, and the simplified model will be equally combat-effective. In addition, the experience gained in the production of both the standard and the simplified version was gained in peacetime, but the simplified version was sold to the "brothers" and "friends" as the latest weapons available.

"If you say that, I'm relieved." Cao Kun nodded and diverted the topic, "What do you think about the revision of the constitution and the change of the national name?" ”

"The name of the Republic of China, although it has the meaning of a republic, but the meaning is not exact, now all provinces are autonomous, and the relationship between the central and local governments needs to be clearly determined by the Constitution. And the original theory of the republic of the five races also has shortcomings, because the current republic is far from the number of the five races. Yang Shuoming said, "If the president wants to be the first of a generation, it is better to start with this country name, revise the constitution, and clearly define the national system." ”

After China experienced the "golden 15 years" of development after the First World War, the economy prospered, the culture developed, the society was stable, and the people's ideological consciousness was also unprecedentedly improved. As a result of the successful examples of autonomy in Hunan and Guangdong, other provinces in China have followed suit, greatly contributing to the reform of China's political system, and now all provinces in China have become autonomous provinces except for the eight municipalities directly under the central government, namely Yanjing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Yucheng, Nanjing, Shenyang, Qingdao and Wuhan, and the provinces directly under the central government have disappeared from China. In order to adapt to this situation, the provincial assemblies proposed to change the state system, amend the constitution, and determine the relationship between the central and local governments in the form of law. And the most direct manifestation of this demand is the demand to change the name of the Republic of China.

The name "Republic of China" was first proposed by Sun Yat-sen. In 1904, when Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech in English entitled "The True Solution of the Chinese Question" in the United States, he used the English translation of the word "Republic of China": "National PublicOfChina". On December 2, 1906, the League held a meeting in Tokyo to commemorate the first anniversary of the founding of Minbao, and Sun Yat-sen proposed the name "Republic of China" in Chinese for the first time in his speech. The following year, in order to propagate the revolutionary ideas of the anti-Qing and Manchurian revolutionaries, Zhang Taiyan, a university scholar and great revolutionary, published an article entitled "The Liberation of the Republic of China" in the 17th issue of Minbao, and the name "Republic of China" has since become known to more people. In order to prove that the name of this country is "justified", Zhang Taiyan quoted scriptures, extensively cited, and found a lot of direct and indirect materials from historical documents, pointing out that only the title of "Republic of China" is the best and most appropriate country name, and it is the best choice for a unique one. Sun Yat-sen was the first to raise and justify the choice and promotion of the title "Republic of China", and Zhang Taiyan sought evidence from historical documents and cultural sources to further legitimize and culturally legitimize it. In July 1916, Sun Yat-sen gave a speech entitled "The Meaning of the Republic of China" in Shanghai, emphasizing that China's national name was "Republic of China" rather than "Republic of China" because of the meaning of the word "people". Long before the founding of the republics in Europe and the United States, Sun believed that "the people of the twentieth century, with the spirit of creation, should not claim to be self-sufficient by virtue of the laws of the eighteenth and ninth centuries." Based on his many years of research on the political systems of major capitalist countries in the West, Sun Yat-sen believed that although the republic system was a representative form of government that prevailed in Europe and the United States at that time, it still had its drawbacks. He wanted to enforce direct civil rights in China, emphasizing that the people were the masters of the country, so he wanted to name it "Republic of China" instead of "Republic", and his English expression was: "nationalrepublicofChina". Obviously, Sun Yat-sen insisted on the fundamental principle of the republic, that is, the principle that national sovereignty belongs to all the people, and hoped to learn from the experience of Switzerland, the United States and other countries in the development of the open boil, to supplement the shortcomings of the representative Ming boil form of government: "More advanced, the populism advocated by this party is a direct civil right. In addition to the right to vote, the people also have the right to create, referendum, and recall, which is sufficient to sanction the [***] of the parliament, even if it is a defect in the current representative system, but also a fundamental refresh. Therefore, the word "people" in the "Republic of China" is absolutely the core content and cannot be used. ”

After Yuan Shikai restored the imperial system and established the "Chinese Empire", Sun Yat-sen gave a speech in Guangzhou, again mentioning this issue: "...... Naturally, you know the difference between the 'Republic of China' and the 'Chinese Empire', the empire is dominated by the emperor alone, and the Republic of China is dominated by 40,000 people. Sun believes that from the perspective of the same surname and historical continuity of China's territory, people, and national sovereignty, the "Republic of China" exists in connection with and compared with the "Chinese Empire". The territory and national sovereignty of the Republic of China are still the original territory and national sovereignty of the "Chinese Empire", but these used to belong to the emperor personally. The territory of the "Republic of China" is "the whole world, and it is not the land of the people", and the people of the "Republic of China" are "the shore of the land, but not the people". The state sovereignty of the "Chinese Empire" belongs to the emperor personally, while the state sovereignty of the "Republic of China" already belongs to all the people, and the people are the masters of the country.

Different from Sun Yat-sen's political and legal interpretation of the "Republic of China", Zhang Taiyan paid more attention to the historical and cultural origins, and he said in the "Republic of China Solution" that the name of our country was "China", which was first seen in "Yu Gong": "Zhongbang Xitu surname. "Historical Records": "Chinese tin soil surname." Zheng Kangcheng said: "China is Kyushu." Sun Xingyan said: "Shi Qian's 'state' as 'country' is not a shy word, and later the word 'country' was changed to 'state', which was mistaken. It is the word "state" in "Yu Gong", and it should be used as "country" from "Historical Records". Later generations continued to use it. For example, in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of Duke Zuo in "Zuo Chuan", Cang Ge said: "Virtue is the power of China, and the punishment is the power of the four yi." "The Book of Rites? "The royal system": "The people of the five directions of China's Rongyi all have surnames, and they cannot be moved. In the "Book of Songs", there is a sentence of "benefiting this China, with Sui Quartet", and "Mao's Biography" explains: "China, Beijing is also." Quartet, Zhuxia also. Therefore, Zhang Taiyan explained the word "China" in the "Liberation of the Republic of China" as follows: "The name of China is different from that of the four descendants. India also calls Magadha China, and Shanyang is also known as China, which is not unique to Han soil. As far as the Han soil is concerned, the name of China is bounded by the counties of the Han Dynasty. However, India, the words of China, the Middle Earth to the border counties; The words of the Han and the land of China are different from those of foreign countries. ”

As for the use of "Hua", it was seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, such as "Zuo Chuan? Ten Years of Dinggong": "Destroy China." And the theory of "Huaxia", according to Zhang Taiyan's explanation, said that "Hua" is taken from Huashan; "Xia" is taken from summer water. In "The Liberation of the Republic of China", Zhang Taiyan wrote: "The name of Zhuhua is said because of the place where the nation first arrived. The world said that Kunlun is a Chinese country, especially compared with other things, the former emperor of China was Kunlun or not, there is no clear sign in history, and it is not enough to take it as a quality. However, the gods and spirits, from the west, to Yong, Liang Erzhou as the foundation, Mi sacrifice to the age, Shennong ginger water, the Yellow Emperor's house bridge mountain, is the land of Yongzhou. Gaoyang starts from Ruoshui, Gaoxin starts from the river, Shunju Xicheng (according to the "Shiben", Xicheng is a county of Hanzhong County), Yusheng Shiniu, is the land of Liangzhou. Looking at the production of its emperors, and knowing the national Olympic area, Si is the root. The land of Yongzhou, the southeast ends at Huayin; The land of Liangzhou, the northeast ends at Huayang. On the Huashan Mountain, the name of its land is called 'Hua', and the origin is also so. Later, the people traveled everywhere, all over Kyushu, as for the Qin and Han dynasties, then North Korea and Vietnam were the hometowns of the Chinese people, and the name of "Hua" was widespread. 'Hua' is the name of the country, a non-racial name, but it has become a common language in this world. The world calls Shandong people 'nephew', and 'nephew' is the last word of 'Hua'. Speaking of race, it is appropriate to call it 'Xia', and "Shuowen" clouds: 'Xia, the people of China are also. Or because of Great Xia, this is also the same kind of Kunlun and Huaguo. The quality is named after the history books, 'summer', and it is actually obtained because of the summer water. ...... 'Xia' is the name of the clan, not the name of the capital, so it is said that 'Zhuxia'. …… Arrested Liu Ji, Fu Jiugong, and the Xiongnu, the Western Regions but leaning on each other, the sound of the Jiao Yuanji, regained the name of 'Han nationality'. Although this is a king, it is not a pawn; However, the founding of the Han family, since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, is the same place in Xiashui, and the same state in Huayang, which is used as a common name, and is suitable for the real name. Therefore, 'Hua' clouds, 'Xia' clouds, 'Han' clouds, with one person, take each other's three meanings. The name of building 'Han' is the nation, and the righteousness of the state is there; the name of building 'Hua' is the country, and the righteousness of the race is also there. The reason why this 'Republic of China' is also ridiculous. ”

Zhang's words, "Hua" is the name of the country, "Xia" is the name of the family, and the name of the word "Han" is interchangeable. Therefore, the title "Huaxia" is the best explanation of nationalism, and it can make the most powerful proof for Sun Yat-sen's theory that "nationalism is nationalism, which is appropriate in China, but not in foreign countries." The name of "China" is not only solemn and solemn, but also inherits the context of the "Chinese Empire", so "Republic of China" is the best and most appropriate country name.

In explaining why the term "Republic of China" is used as the "name of the country", Sun Yat-sen focuses on why he uses "Republic of China" instead of "Republic", focusing on his revolutionary and Ming surnames; Zhang Taiyan values the cultural origin of the word "Zhonghua", seeking cultural and traditional support for the nascent republic, and showing its legal and orthodox surname.

Despite this, Chinese scholars do not fully agree with Zhang Taiyan's interpretation, and the Confucian master Liu Yizheng believes that the word "China" is the meaning of a civilized country, and does not only refer to location, territory, and race. "It is the noble and far-reaching characteristic of the ancestors of our country, and it is not only the same as the monocracy, nationalism, and economics!" For Liu Yi, this is based on "The Legend of the Ram? The relevant text in "The Seven Years of the Hidden Prince" is an example: "Do not cling to China with Yidi." He Xiu said: "Because the land does not accept the Beijing division, it is correct in China." China, the country of etiquette and righteousness. Han Yu also said in "Yuan Dao": "Confucius's work "Spring and Autumn" is also, the princes use Yi rites to raze it, and enter China is China's. The reason why it is called "China", Liu Yizheng's explanation is that the Tang Dynasty and Yu Dynasty named the country "Zhong", and the philosophers at that time deeply observed the extreme mistakes of human beings, so as to edict people and imperial objects in the middle way. For example, in the Analects: "Yao said: 'Consultation! Ershun! Yun Zhi is in the middle of the fight. 'Shun also lives Yu. "The Book of Rites? The Mean": "Shun Qi Dazhi is also a great knowledge! Choose both ends of it, and use it for the people. Liu Yizheng believes: "The education of the Tang Dynasty and Yu Shi is dedicated to those who are biased in the surname, corrected and adjusted, so that it is suitable for the middle way." It is thought that this is not enough to establish a country, so it is a common name that is not easy for many generations. The name of the country, and the surname of the country is expressed in this way, and it can control Daewoo and mix the special tribes; Its people are many and there is no place for those who preside over extremism, or those who strive to win, and they do the same. According to the Chinese surname, it is extremely complicated, and it cannot be said to be martial or weak; It cannot be said to be easy to treat, nor can it be said to be difficult to convince. Push the original reason, and the virtue of Shangzhong has been cultivated since ancient times. However, there is no definite boundary, so there is no time and no place, and it is still not free from bigotry. But what they cling to, never take it to the extreme. Liu Yizheng's statement emphasizes that the "middle" of "China" not only refers to the fact that the region is in the world, but also refers to the "moderation" rather than the extreme meaning of the ancestors' actions.

(To be continued)