Chapter 009: Zhang Jiao, who died early
The Yellow Turban Army was destroyed, historians came, and after the study of later generations, everyone believes that the reasons for the defeat of the Yellow Turban Army are roughly divided into the following ones:
1. Due to the betrayal of Tang Zhou, the plan of the uprising was known to the imperial court, and the rebel army lost its first hand and had to be launched in a hurry. Moreover, Tang Zhou also betrayed Ma Yiyuan, one of the important leaders of the rebel army, and some of the internal responses, so that the entire Luoyang uprising organization was destroyed, and the imperial court had no worries.
2. Although the peasant rebel army was numerous, their military level was not good, and their equipment was very poor, so that the officers and soldiers were often able to win more with less. In the Yellow Turban Uprising, the tactics of the Yellow Turban Army were very rigid, and they were basically fighting with the imperial army, either holding on to the city or besieging the city for a long time. On the contrary, the Eastern Han Dynasty had a group of generals such as Lu Zhi, Huangfu Song, and Zhu Jun who could fight well and were flexible.
3. The insurgents attacked too widely. After the Taiping Dao launched the Yellow Turban Uprising, whether it was the imperial court, the family of the gate lords, or the big landlords and wealthy people, they were all the targets of the Yellow Turban Army. As a result, the Yellow Turban Army was attacked by the joint attack of the official army and the landlords, and also lost the support of the landlord class and the clan of the clan.
4. In the early days of the uprising, the Yellow Turban Army did safeguard the interests of the peasants. But later, in order to maintain their own existence, the rebel army used more direct and brutal means to exploit the people, completely became bandits, and lost the support of the people.
But I personally think that it is not so simple, these are indeed the reasons why the Yellow Turban Uprising failed so quickly, but none of them were decisive and crucial. I believe that the most fundamental reason for the failure of the Yellow Turban Uprising was Zhang Jiao's premature death. If Zhang Jiao is healthy, the Yellow Turban Army is not without a chance.
Why do I say that?
There is very little description of Zhang Jiao's death in history, we only know that Zhang Jiao died of illness eight months after the uprising, and we do not know the specific details. But we know that Zhang Jiao, as the leader of the Taiping Dao, is also very skilled in medicine, and his two younger brothers call themselves "great doctors", and their medical skills will not be bad. But in the end, Zhang Jiao fell ill and died, only eight months after the uprising.
And in history, before the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, Zhang Jiao made very adequate preparations and showed very superior organizational skills, but after the outbreak of the uprising, the various generals of the Yellow Turban Army were completely their own fights, without any cooperation and no organization, Zhang Jiao himself not only did not connect these Yellow Turban generals, but even his two younger brothers were completely by his side, and did not dare to stay away from him at all. Let's associate these together, what happened to Zhang Jiao at that time?
Could it be that Zhang Jiao's body has already had problems, after the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, his body no longer allows him to organize and lead the Yellow Turban Army in other places, just leading the Yellow Turban Army in Jizhou has reached the limit of his body, and even needs the help of his two younger brothers, or in other words, in order to take care of Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang, who are among the best in the Yellow Turban Army, have no way to leave their brother's side.
If history is really like this, then the Yellow Turban Army is really tragic.
Because Zhang Jiao is too important to Taiping Dao and the Yellow Turban Army, in a sense, Zhang Jiao is Taiping Dao, and Zhang Jiao is the Yellow Turban Army! We know that Zhang Jiao single-handedly founded the Taiping Dao, he is the leader of the entire Taiping Dao, and in the eyes of the disciples, Zhang Jiao is the prophet. Then Zhang Jiao planned the Yellow Turban Uprising and appointed the commander of the 36 parties, and in the eyes of the entire Yellow Turban Army, Zhang Jiao was the commander of the whole army and the emperor. Zhang Jiao was the core of the entire Yellow Turban camp, and since Taiping Dao and the Yellow Turban Army were theocratic organizations, his status and influence were even more important to the imperial court than Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty.
As a result, the Eastern Han Dynasty VS Yellow Turban game was scrapped at the beginning, and then he hung up at the beginning of the game, and the Yellow Turban Army really can't play now. The Yellow Turban generals had to fight on their own, without an overall strategy at all. And since they are all novices, no one has taught them how to play this uprising game (Zhang Jiao can't teach it anymore). So they played very poorly, they were confined to one place by the official army, they would only fight a war of attrition, and after the materials were consumed, they could only rob and rob, and those who robbed the government went to rob the landlords, and those who robbed the landlords went to rob the peasants, until they offended everyone, and were finally broken by the imperial army one by one.
What is the military level of Zhang Jiao in history? In history, Zhang Jiao mainly had a record of fighting with Lu Zhi and Dong Zhuo.
Lu Zhi was the teacher of Gongsun Zan and Liu Bei in history, and he had twice quelled the rebellion of the southern barbarians, and he was quite skilled in military affairs. After the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, Lu Zhi led the main force of the Han army to confront Zhang Jiao, and successively fought several battles with Zhang Jiao, destroying more than 10,000 enemies. In the battle with Lu Zhi, Zhang Jiao's army did not have the upper hand, but we can find that the losses of the Yellow Turban Army are not very large, and there are only more than 10,000 people after a few major battles, which is completely acceptable compared to the base of hundreds of thousands of the Yellow Turban Army, not to mention that tens of thousands of people died in the defeat of Bocai, Han Zhong, Zhang Liang and others.
Later, Dong Zhuo replaced Lu Zhi, Dong Zhuo could be said to be smooth sailing and smooth progress before fighting Zhang Jiao, and his record was not inferior to Lu Zhi, but Dong Zhuo was defeated by Zhang Jiao and was forced to retreat. Zhang Jiao's record can be said to be one draw and one win, which is far better than other Yellow Turban generals, and it is more likely that this result may have been played by Zhang Jiao with illness.
If Zhang Jiao is healthy, we can imagine that the entire Yellow Turban Army's big chess game will be revitalized.
Although Tang Zhou's betrayal disrupted Zhang Jiao's deployment, the Yellow Turban Army was still very smooth in the early days of the uprising, which was enough to partially smooth out the bad effects of Tang Zhou's betrayal; For the peasant uprising, the early stage of the uprising is often the most difficult, because the level of the generals of the peasant rebel army is often very low, the equipment is also very poor, and the ability of the soldiers is not good, which needs to be tempered by time, as long as Zhang Jiao can organize the Yellow Turban Army well in the early stage, even if the early losses are relatively large, but as long as some generals and troops can fight, this is not a loss; Zhang Jiao is the core of the Yellow Turban Army and Taiping Dao, as long as he does not die, the Yellow Turban Rebellion will not be a failure, and Zhang Jiao's own military level is not bad, even if he can't win, he can still run away.
From the perspective of the Yellow Turban Army, Zhang Jiao's illness and death were intolerable pain for the entire Taiping Road and the Yellow Turban Army, after Zhang Jiao's death, because his two younger brothers were also quickly killed by Huang Pu Song, the Yellow Turban Army no longer had a leader in the real sense, and was finally buried in the torrent of history.