In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Chang Feng is not an important figure, but he is a rare capricious person, who has taken refuge in Cao Cao several times and rebelled against Cao Cao several times, and is a very rare little person.

【Doxxing】

Chang Feng is also known as Chang Ba, originally also one of the Taishan group of Kou, after Zang Ba returned to Tao Qian, then and Chang Xuan, Sun Guan, Wu Dun, Yin Li and others gathered to unite, in Xuzhou quite powerful. After Tao Qian died, Liu Bei took over Xuzhou, and after Lü Bu captured Xiapi, they returned to Lü Bu, and after Cao Cao eliminated Lü Bu, the Taishan group of Kou all surrendered to Cao Cao, among which Chang Feng was appointed as the Taishou of Donghai County.

After that, Changfeng began a long road of decline and reversal.

[Rebellion with Liu]

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Liu Bei betrayed Cao Cao, seized Xiapi again, and became the master of Xuzhou, when most of the counties and counties in Xuzhou rebelled against Cao Cao and submitted to Liu Bei, Chang Feng was also among them, Liu Bei gathered tens of thousands of horses, which formed a great threat to Cao Cao.

At first, Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Wang Zhong to crusade against Liu Bei, but they were unsuccessful, and later Cao Cao personally drove Liu Bei out of Xuzhou, and after seeing Chang Xian's rebellion for Liu Bei, he also defeated him.

At that time, Jiongmu, a subordinate of Juniper, the captain of Xiangben, and others made a rebellion and colluded with Changfeng, and Cao Cao ordered Lü Qian to replace Juniper. After Lü Qian arrived, he lured Jiong's mother and dozens of his leaders and henchmen, gave them wine and food, and secretly sent strong men to ambush on both sides. After seeing that Jiongmu and the others were drunk, Lu Qian ordered the ambushes on both sides to kill them all and appease Jiongmu's subordinates, and these traitors were swept away.

This was the first time that Chang Feng betrayed Cao Cao in history, but because the main reason at that time was Liu Bei, and Cao Cao was in a hurry to deal with Yuan Shao, although Chang Feng failed, he did not suffer serious losses, but this also laid the groundwork for his later rebellion again.

[Rebellion Again]

After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao at Guandu, he reversed the disadvantage against the Yuan group in the north and continued to achieve many victories, but just as Cao Cao's momentum was developing rapidly, Chang Feng once again caused chaos and harassed Cao Cao's rear.

In order to clean him up, Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao and Xiahou Yuan to crusade against the East China Sea. Zhang Liao and Xiahou Yuan surrounded Changfeng in the East China Sea together, after several months, the grain was about to run out, but still could not see the possibility of conquering the East China Sea, so everyone discussed to lead the army and return, the two famous generals went out together, this time it seemed to be fruitless.

At this time, Zhang Liao said to Xiahou Yuan: "These days, every time we inspect the siege army, Chang Xuan has stared at me with two eyes. Moreover, the arrows fired by his soldiers became scarcer and scarcer, which must have been Chang Xuan's hesitation, so he did not have the strength to fight. Liao hopes to try him and negotiate with him, if he can successfully lure Chang Feng down the mountain, wouldn't it be great? So he ordered someone to say to Chang Xuan: "Gong Cao has an order, let Zhang Liao come and convey it to you." ”

As expected, Chang Xuan really went down the mountain to talk to Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao said: "Cao Gong is wise and brave, and he is using his benevolence to influence the forces of various factions in the Quartet, and those who belong first can be rewarded." So Chang Xuan agreed to surrender. Zhang Liao knew that he was willing to surrender, so he only went to Sangong Mountain, entered Changfeng's house, and greeted his family. Seeing that Zhang Liao was so frank and honest, Chang Feng was happy in his heart, so he went to see Cao Cao.

Cao Cao sent Chang Feng back to the East China Sea first, and then reprimanded Zhang Liao, saying: "Recklessly going to the enemy's lair alone, this is not the general's doing." Zhang Liao replied: "With the prestige of the Ming Gong in the four seas, I have the holy decree, and Chang Xuan will not dare to harm me, so I dare to go." ”

Chang Feng rebelled this time because Zhang Liao finally adopted the method of persuasion, so he was not punished again, which also means that Chang Feng still has the ability to rebel next time.

【Triple Anti】

Soon Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, and then Chang Feng rebelled. Cao Cao sent Yu Ban and Zang Ba to crusade against Chang Feng this time, but it was not successful at first, and later Cao Cao sent Xiahou Yuan to support, under the joint efforts of Xiahou Yuan and Yu Ban, this time Chang Feng could not stand it, many of his subordinates surrendered one after another, and more than ten of his strongholds were also conquered.

Seeing the ferocious offensive of Yu Ban and others, Chang Feng didn't want to fight again, because Chang Feng had a relationship with Yu Ban in the past, so he directly found Yu Ban and surrendered. It stands to reason that Chang Feng had another chance to escape this time, and all the generals at that time thought that Chang Feng had surrendered and should be sent to Cao Cao. As a result, Yu Ban said: "Don't you know Cao Gong's consistent orders? Those who surrender after being besieged will not be pardoned. Obey the law and obey the order, this is a big festival from the bottom to the top, although Chang Feng is my friend in the past, will Yu Ban be out of line because of this? "I personally went to Chang Feng to say goodbye to him, and beheaded him in tears.

At that time, Cao Cao was in the Chunyu garrison, and after hearing about it, he sighed and said: "Chang Feng didn't surrender to me, but went to find Yu Ban, isn't this destined to die?" "From now on, it is more important than forbidden. After the East China Sea was pacified, he was banned as the general of Huwei.

This is the official end of the farce called Chang Xuan.

【External conditions for the decline and reversal of the Chang Feng】

In Zhuge Liang's "Later Division" there is a description of "Cao Cao's five attacks on Changba", the Changba here is likely to refer to Changfeng, Cao Cao's army had two crusades when Liu Bei rebelled, and later Zhang Liao and Xiahou Yuan crusaded once, and finally Yu Ban and Zang Ba did not conquer at first, and then finally forced him to surrender with the help of Xiahou Yuan, the number of times is indeed five times, because Changfeng also surrendered, so the description of "Later Teacher's Table" is not very rigorous, but it is barely said in the past.

And the fact that Chang Feng has been able to descend and revert so many times in history is not only due to its own capricious reasons, but also because external conditions are also very important.

The first is the timing, the time period of the Chang Feng rebellion was when Cao Cao confronted Yuan Shao and crusaded against the north. At that time, the primary target of Cao Cao's group was the Yuan clan in the north, and when Chang Feng first rebelled with Liu Bei, Cao Cao was facing great pressure from Yuan Shao, and he simply did not have so much time to spend on him. And when Chang Feng rebelled for the second time, although Cao Cao had already defeated Yuan Shao, compared with the Yuan clan in the north, it was still obvious which was more important, so after Chang Feng was persuaded by Zhang Liao to surrender, Cao Cao did not pursue it. The third time, even if Yu Ban let Chang Feng go, it was only three times, even if Cao Cao didn't kill him, he wouldn't give him a chance to rebel again.

The second is that Cao Cao's foundation in Xuzhou is unstable. In the history of Cao Cao's three slaughter of Xuzhou, two crusades against Tao Qian were slaughtered all the way to the past, Xuzhou was a river of blood at that time, the corpses were all over the wilderness, and later Cao Cao's crusade against Lu Bu also slaughtered Pengcheng, an important town in Xuzhou, so the people of Xuzhou had a good impression of Cao Cao on the evil door, in this environment, it is not surprising that Chang Feng could also set off a rebellion when Cao Cao's momentum developed rapidly.

The second is that Changfeng, as the Taishou of the East China Sea, has a certain strength in itself, and Changfeng, who owns a county, can be regarded as a small prince.

In the end, Cao Cao's neglect, Chang Xuan, as a man with a history of rebellion, Cao Cao had too few restrictions on him, giving him the opportunity to rebel again, which was definitely Cao Cao's own mistake.