Chapter 38 The Composite Standard (I)
In the absence of enough copper money to make reserves, what do you need to prepare to open a note-issuing bank with the function of a central bank? Undoubtedly, this problem will stump 100% of the ancient masses, 99.99% of the ancient scholars, 99.8% of the ancient merchants, and 0% of the time-travelers. Probably only a very small number of geeks who like to study ancient economic history will see countless advanced experiences that are suspected of crossing the legacy of their predecessors. It is to borrow a large amount of funds by borrowing the time and space difference generated by credit innovation. For example, the three new banks created by Guozhong were recombined into Chenji Bank after having enough outlets, and their headquarters were located in Zhengzhou, a transportation artery.
The legal tender of the Great Song Empire was the copper and iron coins minted by the major money supervisors and the Jiaozi based on iron coins. The new business of Chenji Bank is to exploit the loopholes in the currency system of the Great Song Empire, use the huge coinage capacity to rob the business of the major money supervisors, and use a large number of modern stamping technology to emboss the 'private money' with a copper content slightly higher than that of the official copper coins and exquisite silver and gold coins. Gold and silver coins are circulated according to the face value of Chenji money, internal settlement and salary payment.
According to the tradition of bad money driving out good money, a silver coin with a face value of one yuan weighs 5 grams, containing 90% silver and 10% copper. The purchasing power is equivalent to 100 Wen Yuan Yu Tongbao, and you can buy a bucket of grain. There is also a large silver coin with a face value of five yuan, weighing 25 grams. A gold coin with a face value of 10 yuan weighs 5 grams, contains 92% gold and 8% silver. The exchange price of gold and silver at 1:10 is cheaper than the exchange rate of gold and silver at 1:8 in the market. When many merchants saw the unlimited exchange notice, they immediately thought of exchanging gold for silver coins, melting silver and exchanging two for more copper coins.
As soon as the silver coins of the Chen Foundation were outflowed, they were collected in the cellars of various large households. Although Chenji Bank openly sells gold and silver coins, the price is very outrageous. On the market, one or two silver 40 grams can be exchanged for 1000 Wen, and only 8 yuan silver coins can be exchanged in Chenji Bank, and 1000 copper coins can only be used as 800 Wen to buy things in Chenji's shopping center, and 200 Wen will be lost if they are exchanged. On the market, one tael of gold is exchanged for 8 taels of silver, that is, 8,000 Wen, and 80 yuan can be exchanged for 80 yuan in Chenji Bank, which is equivalent to 8,000 Wen and is not a loss. Moreover, copper coins and gold and silver ingots can be exchanged for Chenji money at Chenji Bank.
However, there are many things sold by Chenji on the market that do not charge copper coins, only Chenji money, some such as glass mirrors, perfumes, special tools, high-end stationery, jewelry and other popular goods can only be bought with silver coins of Chenji Fund. Many merchants purchase from Chenji Group and pay copper coins to pick up the goods slowly, and there is no discount. The speed of handing over the base money is fast, and there is a certain discount. Therefore, a large amount of money is exchanged for Chenji money to trade. A large amount of gold, silver and copper money flowed into Chenji Bank, and a large amount of Chenji money flowed out of the bank and into Chenji Bank, which opened accounts in various factories under Chenji. Therefore, the large amount of currency in circulation on the market will soon be easy to carry and fast to deliver.
The Chenji Mint, which works three shifts every day, keeps swallowing gold and silver and spit out silver coins. The seigniorage and fire consumption alone cost the mint more than half a million yuan a month. As for the exchange business started by banks, it is a money-absorbing artifact like a money printing machine. With the support of the artifact of wireless telegraphy, the company's remittance can achieve instant exchange. However, in order to avoid people's eyes, the implementation of expedited time is also 500 miles a day, that is, the exchange destination is 500 miles away from the remittance outlet of the remitter. This can already be called god speed. There is no fixed price for remittance fees, and it varies from person to person, from place to place. Chengdu to Lin'an Fu remittance fee 6~14 ‰, expedited on the remittance fee is high, according to the slowest remittance fee can be as low as 5 ‰, the excuse of inconvenient transportation can occupy the funds in transit for a few days to dozens of days.
This business has been launched and has immediately become a popular business for business travelers from all walks of life, because it is inconvenient to transport large sums of money over long distances, the danger is high, and the freight is higher than that of remittances. Some high-ranking officials even proposed that the escort tax should also be remitted by Chenji Bank to reduce expenses and improve efficiency. Of course, this is due to the consultant's fee. When the business of escorting taxes was in hand, the usury Daxiangguosi did not have the strength to compete with Chenji Bank for cash.
In order to establish a composite standard system of gold, silver and copper, Li Ji and others did not hesitate to fight a war of attrition with many pawnshop owners who were lending usury. Offering a loan of 5 million yuan to the very iron relationship of the household, and then announcing a series of detailed rules for the mortgage loan of Chenji Bank, as long as there is sufficient collateral and future repayment ability and Chenji's internal credit history rating meets the standard, the interest rate of Chenji Bank's loan can reach an ultra-low annual interest rate of 1%, and the highest interest rate of credit loan interest rate will not exceed 50% of the annualized interest rate. All the people in need of loans were stunned by this frenzied attack on the traditional loan shark industry.
The wealthy Chenji Bank is not only abundant in funds and has no risk of run, but also countless powerful partners who put a large amount of deposits in the form of fixed long-term deposits in Chenji Bank to eat 3% interest, and then lend them at a lower 5% interest rate for investment and expansion. This is more than a stable and considerable interest margin income has become part of the patent fees charged by Chenji Group.
The biggest headache for countless loan sharks and financial practitioners is to hear that Chenji is constantly launching new businesses. Not only is there no custody fee for private small household deposits, but also interest, complete procedures for an hour of loan speedy business, fire insurance, health life insurance, express mail business, business investment, small and medium-sized venture capital, credit rating, property evaluation, commercial guarantee, comprehensive information services, installment services for large-scale consumer projects for residents, credit card overdraft (only for customers with a credit rating higher than 10 levels, the credit rating system has a total of 15 levels, in addition to Chenji internal personnel, Others, even if they are Zaifu, are only level 12) and other businesses are all profiteering transactions. Some are eradicating their lifeblood, some are blocking the way out of their transformation, and some are completely soft knives that kill people and divert their customers without blood.
However, all these innovations are side businesses that revolve around the compound standard, and the core business is still the unification of the pricing power of bulk trade and the war without gunpowder on the subject matter. Although the coinage power of copper coins is still in the hands of the various money supervisors sent by the court of the Great Song Empire, the implanted gold and silver coin system is like a cancer cell constantly seizing the territory and field of money making. Each fine Chenji coin is a vibrant cell that is constantly flowing through the market, while also absorbing the same kind (old coins and gold and silver ingots) from various cellars. A large amount of copper coins were collected by the Chenji Group and invested in various places in urgent need of investment in Tubo and the Great Song Empire, raising local prices to attract inland traders to transport goods to sell. Drive a new round of Chenji money popularity and promotion.