"As for the fact that part of our territory was occupied by the barbaric Chinese [***] squadron, this is mainly due to the fact that the Chinese anti-Soviet war was waged in favor of the squadron and not against the Soviet troops. The problem is that the Chinese [***] squadron is the army of the belligerent country, it has been fully mobilized, and the 270 divisions that China used to oppose the Soviet Union and have assembled on the borders of the Soviet Union are already in a state of complete readiness, waiting only for the signal to attack; And at that time, the Soviet army still needed to be mobilized, and it was also necessary to assemble to the border. ”

"It is precisely for this reason that our nation's heroic army, our nation's heroic navy, our nation's pilots, our eagles, our peoples, and all outstanding people condemn the treacherous behavior of the Chinese, sympathize with the Soviet political axe, approve of the Soviet political axe's behavior, and believe that our cause is just, the enemy will definitely be defeated, and we will definitely win."

"As a result of the war imposed on us, our country has waged a decisive battle to the death against the most vicious and insidious enemy, China. Our [***] team is fighting valiantly against an enemy armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army and the Red Navy were fighting desperately to defend every inch of the Soviet territory against all odds. The main forces of the Red Army, with thousands of tanks and thousands of aircraft, were thrown into battle, and the bravery of the Red Army fighters was unparalleled in the world. We have strengthened the enemy's counterattack. The people of the entire Soviet Union rose up together with the Red Army to defend the Motherland. ”

"What needs to be done to eliminate the danger facing our Motherland? What measures should be taken to crush the enemy? ”

"First of all, it is necessary to make the Soviet people aware of the gravity of the danger that threatens our country, and to resolutely abandon the mood of composure and indifference, of the mood of peace-building, which was completely understandable before the war, but which is now very harmful when the war radically changes the situation. The enemy is ruthless and ruthless. Their purpose is to encroach on the land that we have irrigated with our own sweat, and to plunder the grain and oil that we have obtained with our own labor. Their aim was to restore the landlord regime, restore tsarism, destroy the national, cultural and state organizations of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Uzbeks, Tatars, Mordavians, Georgians, and other free peoples of the Soviet Union, yellowize them, and turn them into slaves of the Chinese. Therefore, it is a question of the life and death of the Soviet state, of the life and death of the people of the Soviet Union, of whether the people of the Soviet Union enjoy freedom or become slaves. The Soviets must be made aware of this, no longer indifferent to it, and mobilized to reshape their entire work on a new, merciless wartime track for the enemy. ”

"Secondly, it is necessary to leave no place in our ranks for the dejected elements and cowards, the panicked elements and deserters, so that our men can be fearless in the struggle and throw themselves into the Great Patriotic War of Liberation against the fascist enslavers. The great Lenin, the founder of our nation, once said that the basic qualities of the Soviet man should be courage, boldness, fearlessness, determination to fight together with the people against the enemies of our Motherland. This fine quality of the Bolsheviks must be made a virtue of the Red Army, the Red Navy, and millions of people of all nationalities in the Soviet Union. ”

"We should immediately restructure all our work on the track of wartime, so that everything is subordinated to the interests of the front, to the organizational task of crushing the enemy. The people of all nationalities in the Soviet Union now see that China deeply hates and hosts our motherland, which guarantees all workers free labor and a better life. The peoples of the Soviet Union should rise up against the enemy and defend their rights and their homeland. ”

"The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union should defend every inch of Soviet territory, should fight to the last drop of blood to defend our cities and villages, and should show the bravery, initiative and resourcefulness inherent in our people."

"We should organize comprehensive support for the Red Army, ensure a vigorous replenishment of the ranks of the Red Army, ensure the supply of all the necessities of the Red Army, organize the rapid transportation of troops and military supplies, and extensively care for the wounded."

"We should consolidate the rear of the Red Army, subordinate all work to the interests of this cause, ensure the strengthening of all enterprises, produce more rifles, machine guns, cannons, bullets, shells, aircraft, organize the defense of factories, power stations, telephone and telegraph communications, and put in order the local air defense."

"We should wage a merciless struggle against all those who disturb the rear, deserters, panicked elements and rumor-mongers, eliminate spies, saboteurs and enemy paratroopers, and support our enemy battalion in a timely manner on all fronts. It must be noted that the enemy is insidious and cunning, good at deception and rumor-mongering. All this must be estimated and not provoked by the enemy. Whoever obstructs the cause of national defence out of fear and fear, whoever it may be, shall be immediately brought before a military tribunal. ”

"When the Red Army units had to retreat, they had to take away all the cars on the railway, leaving not a single locomotive, not a single carriage, not a kilogram of grain and a liter of fuel left to the enemy. The collective farm clerk shall drive away all the livestock and hand over the grain to the state organs for safekeeping so that it can be transported to the rear. All valuables that cannot be transported, including non-ferrous metals, food and fuel, should be destroyed absolutely. ”

"In enemy-occupied areas, it is necessary to establish cavalry and infantry guerrilla units, sabotage squads, to fight the enemy, to ignite the flames of guerrilla warfare everywhere, to blow up bridges, railways, to disrupt telephone and telegraph communications, to burn forests, warehouses and baggage. In the occupied territories, create conditions that make it impossible for the enemy and all his lackeys to settle down, pursue them step by step, destroy them! Destroy all their facilities. ”

"The war with China must not be regarded as an ordinary war. This war is not only a war between two [***] teams. It was at the same time a great war of the people of the whole Soviet Union against the barbaric squadrons. The purpose of this National Patriotic War against the oppressors is not only to eliminate the dangers facing our country, but also to help the peoples of Asia who groan under the barbaric yoke of China. We are not alone in this war of liberation. In this great war, we will have reliable allies, the peoples of Europe and the Americas. Our war in defence of the freedom of our homeland will be united with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and the Americas for their freedom to read, to boil. It will be a united front of the peoples of all countries fighting for freedom and against slavery. ”

"Comrades! Our power is endless. The arrogant enemy will soon be sure to believe this. Together with the Red Army, there were thousands of workers, collective farm workers and intellectuals who rose up to fight against the enemy who invaded our country. Millions of people in our country will rise up to fight. The laborers of Moscow and Leningrad had already begun to form thousands of militias to support the Red Army. In our war against China, in every city in danger of being invaded by the enemy, we should build such a militia and mobilize all the working people to rise up and fight to defend their freedom, their honour, and their motherland. ”

"In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR against the enemy who treacherously invaded our Motherland, the State Defense Committee has been formed, which now concentrates all the power of the state in its own hands. The National Defense Committee has already begun its work, which calls on the people of the whole country to rally around the Lenin-Stalin party, around the Soviet political axe, to support the Red Army and the Red Navy with selflessness, to crush the enemy and to strive for victory. ”

"Support our heroic Red Army and our glorious Red Navy with all our strength!"

"Crush the enemy with all the power of the people!"

"For our victory, go forward!"

After listening to the mobilization of the beloved Comrade Stalin for the war, the faces of several prisoners did not have the same excited looks as before.

"This war is not ours, such a victory is not ours." Boris? Gamerov said, covering his military coat again, "This spring is not ours either." ”

Indeed, like Boris? The war, as Gamarov said, was not theirs, but was imposed on them.

Judging by Stalin's speech on mobilization for war, it seems that the USSR was portrayed as the aggressor, but this was not the case.

After more than 20 years of development, China has become more and more powerful, but the Chinese National Defense Forces have not regarded the Soviet Union as the main target of future wars. This is because the conflict between the two countries is bound to lead to a long-lasting and costly all-out war. According to China's theory of general warfare and blitzkrieg, falling into such a war would mean defeat for China, which is not rich in resources and manpower.

Chinese generals noted that, based on the experience of World War I, a full-scale and protracted war "would require an excessive amount of economic and financial force." And if the sacrifice is too heavy, "the mental state of the people and the army will also be depressed," which will inevitably lead to the collapse of the revolution and the country. Therefore, although China has always been threatened by the Soviet Union's constant export of revolution, it has never launched a full-scale attack on the Soviet Union.

However, for a long time, China's "arms expansion war" has been greatly exaggerated by the Soviet Union, and the propaganda agencies of Britain and the United States and other countries have also desperately boasted about the strength of China's armed forces in order to intimidate the Soviet Union and its neighboring countries. There is an element to this propaganda: in 1930, the Chinese were said to have spent more than the 300,000 French troops in the same period. Adequate funding has enabled the squadron to have a large number of well-trained officers and non-commissioned officers; Many Wehrmacht soldiers have more than 8 years of service experience; And the officer is more than 15 years. Every private is trained to be a sergeant, every sergeant is trained to be an officer, and every officer is trained to be a general. China also has the most abundant industry and strong scientific and technological strength in Europe, and they have continuously provided a large number of advanced technological weapons for the Chinese team. By the eve of World War II, China had assembled a well-equipped army of more than 5 million men, and had also built up a huge reserve of supplies.

But another fact that cannot be ignored is that China is only using its existing industrial base to carry out a wide armaments program. In the six years before the war, only 16%~17 percent of China's entire industrial output value was directly used for the military, and although China's industry was fully capable of providing the armed forces with weapons and equipment that were superior in quantity and quality, and could cope with the attrition brought about by a short-term war, it was not an easy task to comprehensively reorganize the industry for the sake of a long-term war. Because China's political landscape does not allow for this. While the ruling class is counting on a war of military build-up or promotion, it is not keen to make a "loss-making" deal for a large-scale war of attrition that is difficult to win. What the Chinese hope for is the promise of a political axe to eliminate unemployment and improve their lives, not war.

Compared with the Western countries that are lax in their combat readiness, China's armaments are indeed very strong. In addition, the fact that the Chinese army won a victory that attracted the attention of the whole world in the early days of the Pacific War made people willing to believe that "China's achievements in rearmament are likely to be unique in the world." But in fact, it was the expansion of the Soviet armament that was even more terrifying, especially with the help of the Germans, and the military power of the Soviet Union expanded dramatically.

Both Marx and Lenin were adamant advocates of the overthrow of capitalism by violent revolution. The difference is that the former emphasizes the domestic revolution in the advanced capitalist countries, while the latter believes that since a new imperial world war is inevitable, the capitalist struggle with each other will provide the best opportunity for the Soviet state to destroy it. Stalin once said on a small scale: "The First World War gave birth to the Soviet Union; The Second World War gave rise to the socialist camp; The Third World War will destroy imperialism". In another conversation, Molotov quoted the [***] Manifesto to state their views: "[***] people do not hide their opinions, and they advocate the violent overthrow of all existing social systems". This is the great dream they have been fighting for all their lives.

Stalin, the son of a shoemaker in a small Caucasus town who inherited Lenin's legacy and realized his great dream with concrete measures, and Adolf, who was born in a well-off family and was full of national "romanticism"? Hitler had a very different life experience. While the young Hitler was still immersed in the fantasy of the myth of the Germans, Stalin, who was already a professional revolutionary, was fighting against nature in the icy and treacherous Siberian penal colony; By the time Hitler was serving as cannon fodder in the trenches of the Western Front, Stalin had already played an important role in the October Revolution that shook the world.

Stalin, who some have called "the greatest mediocrity", did not have the talent and sharp intuition of Hitler, nor did he use fanatical emotions to hysterically demagogue. But he has strong enough nerves and indomitable perseverance to achieve his goals at any cost and sacrifice; There are also sufficiently flexible means to take advantage of the various factors.

It was not easy for Stalin to succeed the late Lenin as the new leader of the Soviet Union and realize his great dreams. The Soviet Union was not constrained by the Treaty of Versailles in the same way as defeated Germany, but the nascent regime was far more hated by the entire Western world than Germany. Russia was far behind almost all the capitalist powers before the war (Germany was the most advanced of them), and the First World War and the massive and brutal civil war that followed brought her unprecedented destruction. It is true that Germany, which lost the war, cost more than 7 million lives, its industrial output fell by 50%, and it was also blackmailed by the victorious powers. But the war did not spread to its own territory, and the country was still alive and well, so Germany was in fact the least damaged continental European country in the First World War.

In Russia, the war has raged across the country, devouring 14 million lives, reducing cities and villages to ruins, and plunging the country into a state of chaos and no political axe. When the smoke cleared, the vast land of the huge country was littered with broken walls and corpses that had not had time to be buried, the economic foundation was ruthlessly destroyed, and the wealth accumulated over hundreds of years was almost lost. The surviving people lived in extreme scarcity of supplies and food, and even the Red Army, which was specially supplied, received only 1 kilogram of green mold per person per week, mixed with rags and rope ends of black bread. Countless people who had been stripped of everything by the war and had become unknown - criminal criminals, former military officers, nobles and orphans - were roaming around, riots and rebellions were taking place. The West's easing of its offensive against Red Russia was largely due to the belief that a battered Russia no longer existed.

Faced with such a mess, the first thing the Soviet power had to do was to rebuild the country. For this reason, they have temporarily reached a compromise with the West, established state-to-state relations, and resumed economic and trade exchanges. Domestically, with the implementation of the NEP, the bourgeoisie, which the old Bolsheviks called "indestructible", reappeared on the streets of revolutionary Moscow. But the transition was temporary, and after Lenin's death, a whole new era began with the consolidation of Stalin's leadership position. Stalin's speech in 1927 became the manifesto of the new era: "The question of the new imperialist war, which is the fundamental question of the present, can hardly be doubted. According to the Soviet military doctrine of the 20s, due to "the existence of two opposing social systems," the Soviet Union would face "a long, brutal contest in which the entire economic and political bases of the warring sides would be tested." There will be a long and full-scale war between the USSR and a powerful capitalist enemy (the entire capitalist system). The outcome of the war depends on the contest between the two sides in terms of overall political and economic strength. To do this, the USSR had to really devote the full power of the country to the preparation for war. Stalin said at a secret meeting in 1933 that the enemy "can at any time take advantage of the technological and economic weakness of our country to attack us" and that "the Party is therefore obliged to spur the country forward, so as not to miss the opportunity, but to take advantage of the respite as much as possible to establish the basis of industrialization in the Soviet Union...... The party cannot wait and cope, she should practice at a high speed. ”

(To be continued)