62 Praying Mantis Catching Cicadas (4)
The Chinese fleet demonstrated in the Netherlands, and some of the Japanese upper echelons were overjoyed. Having been expelled from Korea a few years ago, Japan suffered a terrible psychological blow. On the contrary, the blow to national strength is obviously not as terrible as it seems. Historically, Japan's plundering was mainly to plunder Northeast China, and now China has long recaptured Northeast China. After the Great Kwantung Earthquake, Japan had exploited Korea to the point where it could no longer be sustained, and all Koreans were opposing Japan's control, and Korea was already the largest place of blood loss in Japan. After shrinking back to the main island of Japan, various losses decreased.
In view of the DPRK's precedent, Japan does not dare to go too far in Taiwan. The People's Party has also sent many personnel to Taiwan to wage guerrilla warfare, and Japan can only tighten its blockade of Taiwan on the one hand, and on the other hand, strengthen its control over Taiwan with grace and might, and strive to wipe out the Chinese guerrillas. During the contraction, Japan also acknowledged the facts. After Hirohito came to power, there was a new trend in Japanese politics.
Japan's current Prime Minister Takahashi asked his aide and aide Kita Kazuki: "Kita-kun, what do you think China wants to do in its demonstration against the Netherlands?" ”
Bei Yihui shook his head slightly, "It's not as simple as a simple demonstration, Chen Ke will either not do it, or he will do it to the end." I've never seen anyone play with him. ”
In response to such an answer, Takahashi was silent. This is the second time that Takahashi is Qing has formed a cabinet, and like last time, Takahashi is Qing has finally terminated the political changes that have changed like a marquee in Japan, and it is widely believed that Takahashi is Qing can still complete his term of office like last time. For Takahashi Yoshikiyo, Japan needs to maintain a relatively stable relationship with China. But Japan's affairs are not something that this 79-year-old man can completely control.
In May 1925, Yoshiichi Tanaka, who was widely expected to become a marshal, suddenly retired from active duty and prepared to join politics. The meaning of going to politics is not just to want to be the prime minister, but in the position of Yoshiichi Tanaka at that time, this prime minister will be his sooner or later. Yoshiichi Tanaka wants to be the leader of the political party. With deep domestic contradictions and calls for universal suffrage, Tanaka Yoshiichi wants to sacrifice his title as marshal in exchange for more space for the military.
In this way, in 1925, Tanaka retired from active service and went to the Constitutional Government to succeed Takahashi Isaki as the fifth president, and this "Constitutional Political Friendship Association" was a political party "created by Ito Hirobumi himself". What was the concept of the 3 million yen at the time? 3 million is the salary of an army general for 500 years. How did he come here, when the War Department was frantically plundering Korea, it got 24 million Japanese secret funds. 8 million was used in the middle, and the remaining 16 million or so were all missing, and Tanaka Yoshiichi, as the land minister, of course, knew very well where the money was
After the defeat of Korea, Japanese politics finally stabilized. Under the leadership of Takaaki Kato, a three-faction cabinet was formed, but the Constitutional Council, as the largest party, was still in power, and as a result, the first Kato cabinet was shaken by the attack of the Political Friends Association and resigned. Yoshiichi Tanaka refused Takaaki Kato's invitation to join the cabinet, took full advantage of the problem of sorting out the bills of the earthquake disaster that arose under the financial crisis, and instigated the Privy Council bureaucrats to veto the government's emergency edict on relief to the Bank of Taiwan on the grounds of "unconstitutionality," forcing the newly established Reijiro Wakatsuki cabinet to resign.
After all, after the defeat of the war, the army and navy were responsible, and in order to ease the conflict, Saionji Gongwang had to make a compromise, and Tanaka Yoshiichi became the prime minister of the cabinet by relying on his own operations. After becoming prime minister, Yoshiichi Tanaka did not block universal suffrage, but wanted to direct it in the direction he wanted.
The Tanaka Cabinet was hastily established after the resignation of the Wakatsuki Cabinet and is a government based on a small number of ruling parties. In June 1927, the opposition party Constitutional Council and the Masayo-Tomo Party merged to form the Democratic Party. Under the slogan of "implementing parliamentary centrism under the emperor's rule" and with the support of the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, the party took the initiative to approach the senators and other bureaucratic forces and attacked the domestic and foreign policies of the Tanaka cabinet, with the intention of coming to power and posing a great threat to the Tanaka Yoshiichi regime. Tanaka decided to shape a strong ruling party through the general elections to be held in 1928.
In order to win the election, the government changed and transferred more than 100 local officials below the governor level. At the same time, they wantonly interfered in election activities through bribery, inducement, and other means. Speeches that refer to "3 million yen" or "army secret fees" are banned by the government. The opposition Democratic Party has also joined the bribery campaign. As a result of the election, less than half of the political friends will win only one more seat than Gerakan Party. To this end, Tanaka used a lot of money and positions to divide and win over the centrists, seeking control of the parliament. In the end, it won 217 seats, and with a narrow majority, it achieved the status of an "unnatural majority" in parliament. This is the reality of Japan's first universal suffrage.
Tanaka didn't care whether the parliament was universal suffrage or an aristocratic parliament, what he really wanted was a comprehensive overturn for China. The Japanese Army is well aware that if China continues to be strong, Japan will be killed by China sooner or later. In the Far East, there could be no two powers, and how to overwhelm China became the sole purpose of Tanaka's cabinet.
Before the First Sino-Japanese War, in order to be able to win the war, Japan could be said to have cut back on food and clothing, and the emperor himself donated money to build ships. In the late 20s of the 20th century, the war had begun to become three-dimensional, which required more investment. Not only the navy, but also the army and air force need to be strengthened. This time, there is no North Korea at both ends of the rat for Japan to use, and although the internal evidence of North Korea is not stable enough, when it comes to Japan, North Korea has a very clear attitude. That is, we must not repeat the mistakes of the past. Japan has turned its attention to Southeast Asia.
People are not as good as heaven, and as soon as Japan's great cause of revenge began, the Great Depression came. Yoshiichi Tanaka doesn't know the economy, and he really can't solve this problem. However, the emperor had a small group of cronies such as Baden-Baden Miyuwu who was trusted by the emperor himself, and Hirohito had already made up his mind to eradicate the Choshu faction that had controlled the Japanese army for decades. It would be fine if Yoshiichi Tanaka really wanted to use universal suffrage to completely overthrow the emperor, but what he wanted to go was to use the emperor's name to build a united Japan. The Great Depression dealt a heavy blow to Japan's already crumbling economy, and in February 1931 the emperor publicly denounced Tanaka for "not understanding economics at all."
A few days later, Yoshiichi Tanaka died in his little wife's stomach because of a wind, and rumors spread among Japanese people that Yoshiichi Tanaka was scared to death because he was reprimanded by the emperor.
Although Yoshiichi Tanaka, as the bigwig of the Choshu faction, is the sworn enemy of Nagata Tetsuyama and others, the set of things that Tanaka Yoshiichi made full use of universal suffrage is quite in line with the thoughts of the "unification faction" represented by Nagata Tetsuyama. During the Great Depression, the pro-establishment faction thoroughly established its own political propositions and line, and they advocated that under the control of the military department, no force should be used, and that the country should be carried out through legal channels from the top down, and that the country should be carried out in a steady and slow manner. The domination faction demanded the establishment of a system of total warfare and the strengthening of its rule over the army.
In the view of Nagata Tetsuyama and Okamura Ninji, Tanaka Yoshiichi was right to determine Japan's future path by defeating China, so Japan must wait for an opportunity. As long as an anti-China and anti-communist alliance can be formed in Asia, and Japan joins hands with Britain, the United States, and other countries to make another "eight-nation alliance," it will be able to take out China. At that time, Japan, as the vanguard of anti-China and anti-communism, naturally could share in the great benefits after the war. In achieving this goal, Japan must be united.
If we want to be united, we need to weaken our domestic contradictions, but we cannot weaken Japan's domestic contradictions based on economic recession. After Tanaka's death, in 1931, at the age of 77, Takahashi was forced to take charge of the Japanese economy again at the request of a group of people. Takahashi Kiyoshi also hired an assistant, Kita Kazuki, who served as a temporary faculty member of political science at Kenshoku University and was elected to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Council by general election during the Tanaka Yoshikuki period.
Takahashi is an old man of the Qing Dynasty who has no choice but to come to power, and whoever comes to power in the Japanese political arena knows that his faction cannot solve the problem, and whoever comes to power will not get the support of other factions. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers rotated like a marquee, and only Takahashi was Kiyoshi as Minister of Finance, and he always stood tall. The only person who can be recognized by the Japanese upper class and the people is Takahashi Shikiyo.
At the age of 77, he became prime minister again, and Takahashi implemented a series of policies. He first passed the Army Disarmament Bill, the Prefectural System Amendment to expand the scope of the right to vote, the Juvenile Act, the Health Insurance Act, and many other bills. At that time, the Takahashi Cabinet was a cabinet that was mixed with both law and order enhancement and reform policies.
Economically, Takahashi pursued an economic policy of inflation. Takahashi's strategy was to devalue the yen to boost exports, not to be bound by the gold standard, and to issue banknotes to increase "liquidity", combining fiscal policy, quantitative easing, and exchange rate depreciation, and to raise taxes instead of raising taxes to raise funds but issuing bonds in the face of deficits.
Takahashi used this technique to "float downward" in the yen, from 49 yen per 100 yen in December 1931 to 25 yen per 100 yen in 1933. This was the year when the dollar came off the gold standard and the yen recovered slightly, stabilizing between 100 yen and 29 to 30 dollars. In about two years, the yen has fallen by about 40 percent against the dollar, making Japanese goods "no longer expensive" in the international market, especially in the United States, and exports have soared. In 1929, Japan's exports amounted to 2,150 million yen; Hit by the Great Depression, it fell to 1.15 billion in 1931. After Takahashi implemented the "Takahashi Policy" in 1931, Japan's exports increased year by year, Japan's national income (an "invention" without GDP at the time) increased by 60 percent, consumer goods prices rose by 18 percent, and the stock market "doubled".
The old economist finally stabilized the economy, and Kita played a big role in it. At this time, Kita Kazuki had enough background to finally publish and publish his revised "Outline of Japan's Transformation". In terms of strengthening social equity, restricting large capital, and expanding the survival of small and medium-sized capital, in order to promote employment, Kita Ikki has made outstanding efforts and achieved results. Of course, these achievements are far from those of the People's Party, but ending the chaos of liberal capitalism and promoting employment will in itself improve Japan's economic and social stability.
In addition to these achievements, Kita Kazuki also officially began to propagate the difference between feudalism and capitalism in Japan, criticizing the hypocrisy of feudal socialism. This won him great prestige in intellectual circles, and it also brought many enemies and colleagues to him.
The unification faction regarded Kita Ikki's ideas as a thorn in the flesh, and the emerging imperial faction regarded Kita Ikki's ideas as a guiding light. The political proposition of the Imperial Road faction is to clean the monarch's side, eliminate the traitors and villains around the emperor, and support the emperor's personal government to transform Japan, which is the way of the emperor, so it is called the imperial faction. Although theoretically related to the emperor, the imperial sect is all from the bottom. It was a loose group, largely made up of young field officers, even company officers.
If such an organization really talks about how loyal it is to the emperor of Japan, Kita Kazuki himself once said to Takahashi Isaki in private, "Sometimes lies can only be told." ”
Most of these young people come from rural areas or grassroots citizens, and it is common for them to return home after the military holidays, their families go bankrupt, or their sisters are forced to work as prostitutes. They were not so much loyal to the emperor as they were motivated by their limited knowledge of society to believe that the tragic encounters were caused by "the bad people around the emperor." All the injustices in this world are controlled by bad people.
Since Kita Ikki became the spiritual leader and political mentor of the Imperial Sect, the Imperial Sect began to change gradually. Many young people have finally begun to realize the existence of classes and that class oppression is the real cause of the tragedy of the lower classes of the Japanese people.
This attempt was made to join forces with the Netherlands and Britain to form a military alliance to encircle China, initiated by the Japanese rulers. Kita Kazuki is increasingly worried about the situation in Japan.
As he said to Takahashi just now, Chen Ke, or the People's Party, does have a completely different style of doing things from other politicians or political organizations. There is no half-assing mentality in this organization. If Chen Ke openly made a military threat gesture against the Netherlands, a subsequent military strike would be almost inevitable. Senseless threats have never been an option for the BJP. Since the People's Party has decided to strike militarily, then the Heavenly King Lao Tzu will come out to stop it with a half-middle waist, and the People's Party will also have the confidence to defeat the Heavenly King Lao Tzu.
Seeing that Bei Yihui frowned and pondered, Takahashi did not let Bei Yihui continue to think, "Beijun, let's talk about the national industrial unified standard you launched in the previous paragraph." ”
Since Takahashi is Kiyoshi's words, Kita Ikki can only focus on specific issues. The biggest problem in Japan is that the feudal tradition is deeply rooted, and the economic manifestation is that there are many handicraft workshops. When he was in China, Bei Yihui saw firsthand how the People's Party transformed the raw silk industry. In addition to the state subsidies to ensure "biodiversity", a variety of silkworm species and mulberry trees are maintained in some areas. In other regions, state-of-the-art technology and silkworm seed are mandatory. In the field of production, the state will force the elimination of technology every year, forcing all production units to adopt equipment and technology upgrades. With the development of the state-led level of productivity and the forced elimination of backward production methods by the state, China's industry has made slow but steady progress.
The banking sector also has a target for investment disbursement, and refusing to lend to backward production can in itself increase the recovery rate. Raising the level of science and technology can create many new labor and employment opportunities. Kita Ikki added this piece to Takahashi Seiki's economic policy, which did effectively improve Japan's production efficiency and reduce costs. Takahashi is planning to imitate China's technology tree plan and establish Japan's own "technology tree" in Japan.
After discussing this, Kita Yihui got up and said goodbye, he still had a bunch of things to do.
The Matsutsuru Maru, which is already the place where Kita Ikki often spends his activities, was burned down by fire during the earthquake, and Kita Ichki used this place as a base when distributing relief food. Many of the victims who came to receive relief lamented after the relief: "For the first time in my life, I have eaten rice for six months in a row." ”
In the eyes of these former victims, Kita Ikki is simply a god-like existence. Later, when the general election was held, Kita Yihui insisted on becoming a member of the parliament in this area. In this area, wherever Bei Yihui goes, people greet him.
Since it was a place where porridge was placed, the scale of Matsutsuru Maru was certainly not comparable to before. The area of the sake store is several times larger, because of the introduction of the Chinese breeder and fast food restaurant model, the front half is surrounded by several long tables surrounded by dense stools, a large number of fried chicken and Japanese dishes are sold, and the back is a variety of private rooms. After entering Matsutsuru Maru, Kita Ichiki went directly to the back. At this time, several men in civilian clothes were already waiting inside.
As soon as Kita Yihui came in, he saw that the three lieutenants of Ando Hui were waiting in a hurry. Without waiting for Bei Yihui to stand firm, Captain An Teng got up and said, "Mr. Bei, you are here." These are new comrades. They are all members of the Navy. ”
The young officers seemed to be visiting Matsutsurumaru for the first time, and each of them had a plate of fried chicken thighs wrapped in flour, a bowl of white rice, and a plate of pickles in front of them. There was wine on the table, and several people were munching on their desks, their cheeks propped up. As soon as they heard that the person who came in was Kita Yihui, several young officers hurriedly stood up and tried their best to swallow the chicken and rice in their mouths. A young man with a slender neck swallowed in a hurry, and his face turned red.
Captain An Teng was about to criticize these people for "where is the politeness", but Bei Yihui had already stopped An Teng, "Everyone sit, eat first, finish eating first." ”
This approachable style is nothing to Kita Yihui, who was on duty with the governor and the provincial party secretaries to sweep the toilets of the party school when he was at the Chinese party school. And the young naval officers were very moved. In front of them was the Tokyo Metropolitan District Councilor, the famous Kita Kazuki. That's a legend who made tens of thousands of victims eat white rice for half a year.
Seeing these people standing dumbfounded, Captain Anteng asked them to sit down first. Kita Yihui himself sat down first, lifted the teapot and poured tea into the teacup in front of the young officer who was almost suffocating when he swallowed his meal. Then again, please sit down and talk. This style really touched the young people, who saluted Kita Yihui first and sat down after reporting to their homes.
"Mr. North, we have all read your book. We all want to see the new Japan you want to build, so we will come and meet you through introductions. The navy soldiers said seriously.
Kita Kazuki knew that in the navy where the Rulers were dominant, his books were banned. In the War Department, the director of education and military counselor Shizaburo Mazaki and the military academy Minshiro Obata secretly supported, so there were many supporters of Kita Ichiki in the War Department, and there were very few people from the Navy who supported Kita Ikki.
After talking for a while, they talked about the recent naval affairs, and these soldiers had lieutenants and military officers, and they talked about one thing: Recently, the Japanese navy was conducting military exercises with China as an imaginary enemy. In the navy, there is a lot of talk of going to war with China and blockading Chinese shipping.
After hearing this, Bei Yihui's heart sank. This is the way to find death.