The Liao people were mainly Khitans, Jurchens, Bohai people, Han Chinese, Sogdians, Uighurs, etc. The Liao culture is based on the Han culture as the skeleton, the Khitan and other nomadic cultures as the auxiliary form of political organization, the establishment of state institutions, the education of the common people, the traditional beliefs of the people, etc., basically spread from the Han in the Central Plains. Before the fall of the Liao State, only more than 150 years, the Khitan people have basically spoken Chinese, used Chinese characters, and regarded themselves as orthodox descendants of the Central Plains. He regarded himself as the inheritor of Chinese Han culture, and even despised the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty as a male barbarian. After the fall of the Khitans, some of them moved west to Central Asia. and colonized the establishment of Western Liao in the local area. It has existed for more than 100 years, carried forward the Han culture, and shocked Central Asia. Judging from the Islamic record of Western Liao, Western Liao is a Chinese-speaking country dominated by Khitan and Han Chinese, and like the feudal rulers in the interior, the cultural classics and psychological identity are the same as those of the Han people. They also call themselves Chinese. Regard yourself as a Chinese.

The elder brother went fishing in the East China Sea (the whaling industry was regarded by the junior disciples as a sideway full of fishy smell), 234 The three junior brothers also carried out arduous entrepreneurship in the territory of the Liao State (the Jin State was still a rebel force of the Liao State, and it was not recognized as an equal and international recognition by the Liao State), but fortunately, the Liao State had a high degree of sinicization and there was no language barrier. The three talents who had seen the world invariably adopted the form of establishing a trade stack to open up the situation, and the fist products were naturally carefully selected three-piece artifacts for the nomads - tea bricks, spirits, and salt. These three sets were exchanged for horses, wool, medicinal herbs, furs, gold and silver ores, and dairy products of the nomads.

There was not a fool on the territory of the Liao State who would offend the foreign merchants who could provide a large number of these three goods, all of which were strategic materials embargoed by the Great Song Empire to the northern states, and the limited number of goods exchanged each year could only supply the nobles and wealthy chieftains in the border areas. Although the rich Nanjing Dao could provide some grain and sea salt, it was far from being comparable to the great gods who could break through the blockade of the Great Song Empire and smuggle these scarce supplies in.

Why do you want to send three high-achieving students to a backward area like Liao, where birds don't? The reason is very simple: although Liao is backward, in modern official terms, the friendship between China and Liao has a long history, and the two countries are big countries at the world level, the largest trading partners of each other and a decisive force with a decisive position in the Eastern world, the anchor of the sea for maintaining stability in the East Asian region, and the world's first, second, and two largest economies.

Zhang Ye, the ambassador of the Song State to Liaoguo (the great progress in diplomatic relations, and the modern diplomatic system established at the instigation of the people, has only initially realized the reform of ambassadors and consuls) said in an exclusive interview with a reporter from the New Song News Agency (Bai Jia's spoof, the abbreviation of the "News Da Song" newspaper) that in the past 10 years, the world and the Song Kingdom have undergone profound changes. The collective rise of emerging countries, including the Song Kingdom, became a major event affecting the world pattern. The total economic output of the Song Kingdom has risen to the first place in the world and has become an important engine for promoting world economic growth. The Song State was an important force in maintaining world peace and stability. A total of more than 2,000 peacekeepers in the Song Kingdom are on missions outside the country (passing through the overseas garrisons and security forces of the Zhongchenji Group).

At the same time, Song also played an active role in the reform of the international system. Song actively organized the G20 summit process and worked with the international community to address the international climate crisis, (the reduction in food production during the Xiaoice was offset by technological innovation that spread through the crowd).

Zhang Ye said: The development and change of Song-Liao relations is an important part of the development and change of Song-Liao relations in the world. In the 140 years since the Song and Liao reopened the door to exchanges, with the joint efforts of several generations of Song and Liao emperors, the relations between the two countries have generally maintained a steady momentum of development. The past 10 years can be said to be the 10 years of rapid development of Song-Liao relations. Song-Liao relations have become one of the most important and dynamic bilateral relations in the world today. This is reflected in the following aspects:

First, the interests of Song and Liao are increasingly closely linked. Song and Liao are each other's largest trading partners, with a bilateral trade volume of 44.66 million yuan, 182 times that of the two countries when they established diplomatic relations. At the beginning of the establishment of diplomatic relations, there were about 10,000 people in the Song and Liao exchanges every year. Now, nearly 10,000 people a day, every 26 minutes, a big boat travels between the two countries. There are more than 160 students studying in Liao, and 24,000 students studying in China.

Second, high-level exchanges and dialogues and consultations between Song and Liao were frequent and in-depth. Since 1940, the heads of state of Song and Liao have held a total of 26 meetings. The two sides have established a number of important dialogue mechanisms, such as the Song-Liao Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the High-level Consultation on People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges, the Strategic Security Dialogue, the Asia-Pacific Affairs Consultation, and the Xixia Affairs Consultation. The daily exchanges and communication between various departments and levels of both sides are countless. Through these exchanges, the two sides have maintained in-depth and frank communication on a wide range of issues, which has played an important role in deepening understanding, enhancing mutual trust, deepening cooperation and managing differences.

Third, Song Liao maintained close communication and cooperation on international and regional issues. The two countries have strengthened macroeconomic policy dialogue, cooperated constructively in addressing the international climate crisis, and made important contributions to promoting world economic recovery and growth. The two countries have carried out fruitful coordination and cooperation on regional hotspot issues such as Western Xia, as well as global issues such as counter-terrorism, climate change, energy, food security, and disease prevention and control.

Zhang Ye held that due to the different social systems, development stages, and historical and cultural traditions of the Song and Liao dynasties, it is normal for the two countries to have contradictions and differences on some issues, and the key lies in correctly viewing and properly handling them. Some of the contradictions and differences between Song and Liao were caused by political bias, some were caused by a lack of mutual understanding, some were old problems that have existed since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and some were new problems that have emerged along with the rapid development of relations between the two countries.

Zhang Ye said: The key to ensuring the steady development of Song-Liao relations lies in mutual respect, equality, and mutual understanding, especially respecting and taking care of each other's core interests and major concerns, and properly handling differences and sensitive issues. The two sides should continue to enhance understanding, accumulate consensus and avoid misunderstandings and miscalculations through dialogue and consultation. The economic and trade frictions between the two countries should be properly handled through consultations on an equal footing in the spirit of openness and the principle of mutual benefit.

Looking forward to the prospects for the development of Song-Liao relations, Zhang Ye said that during Prime Minister Su Song's visit to Liao at the beginning of the year, he reached an important consensus with the emperor of Liao on the construction of a cooperative partnership of mutual respect and mutual benefit between Song and Liao, which pointed out the direction for the development of Song-Liao relations. In the era of globalization and the increasingly close connection between the interests of Song and Liaoning, it is necessary to view and handle the relations between Song and Liaoning, and to view and deal with the relations between Song and Liaoning. The common interests of Song and Liao far outweigh their differences, and cooperation is the mainstream of Song and Liao relations. Song-Liao relations are not, and should not, be a "zero-sum game."

Zhang Ye said: "I believe that as long as the two sides are firmly committed to mutual respect, enhance mutual trust, expand cooperation, and properly handle differences, the two countries can completely break the so-called 'law' of confrontation between emerging powers and established powers in history, and embark on a new type of major-country relationship of peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation." ”

Of course, this is only the idea of some of the Great Song scholars, and the questionnaire survey of the Liao State officials and real power figures are basically Ha Song's brainless fans. The serious treasonous reactionary remarks of 'May I be born in China in the next life' actually came from the mouth of the Liao Emperor. With such a mediocre emperor, he was naturally very popular with the Great Song Empire. A Liao emperor who was obsessed with Central Plains culture and was incompetent was in the interests of the Great Song Empire and even the Han people, and Yelu Hongji, who had reigned for more than 40 years, naturally would not wantonly raise swords and soldiers to sabotage his pursuit.

It can be said that this wonderful emperor can definitely become one of the biggest names in the successful case of ancient Chinese culture export. After experiencing all kinds of daily necessities and delicacies that came out of the crowd, he even wanted to abolish the four-hour bowl system and settle in Nanjing to enjoy life.

Through the introduction of high-ranking nobles to the emperor during the winter bowl, the three masters of speculation met the legendary Yelu Hongji. An ordinary old man, who had reigned for forty years, was very happy to see a large number of gifts from three young Song people who were neither humble nor arrogant, including his favorite Buddhist portraits and classics, 300 Tang poems, the complete works of New Tang Dynasty poems, stained glass wine vessels, exquisite high-elastic cotton underwear, and so on. It's basically good things and favorite gifts that I've never seen before. The number of gifts is not much, and it is not costly. In particular, books and poetry collections tickled the itch of Emperor Yelu Hongji, and his eyes were about to shine when he saw these gifts.

While lamenting that no one understands me, I looked at the beautifully printed collection of Tang poems. When he woke up and looked at the three Song Guojun who had been standing for a long time, he was embarrassed for a while, and hurriedly sat down for tea.

"You three boys have traveled thousands of miles to go deep into my Liao country to do business, my Daliao is still a state of etiquette, and you will definitely not treat friends badly. If you have any requests, please do not refuse, as long as I can do it. ”

The second senior brother Xiang Chao hurriedly said that he didn't have any requirements, and the gift was just to admire Emperor Tianwei, "Seeing the face of heaven is the greatest blessing, how dare you ask Your Majesty for a reward?" ”

The third senior brother Chen Hui also pretended to bow his head in fear as if the actor was possessed. Lao Si also said that he would continue to donate these books, articles, and practical utensils produced by the Great Song Empire to the Great Liao to supplement and enrich the cultural life of the people of the Liao Kingdom.

The happy Yelu Hongji thought to himself that it would be unreasonable for him to receive a gift and not give it back, so he simply rewarded the merchant with his favorite thing, that is, tax incentives: "I will reward the three of you with ten years of tax exemption for the property under your name, starting today." ”

A year later, Yelu Hongji regretted that he didn't investigate it properly, and took it for granted that a few Song merchants who could see him through the clan would not have a big business, and they would make 50,000 or 60,000 yuan a year. Originally, the Liao State implemented a ten-year tax exemption policy for newly reclaimed wasteland, and this practice also made Yelu Hongji think that merchants who bought and sold books and utensils were exempted from paying thousands of taxes every year, which not only reflected their generosity, but also did not allow people to take advantage of loopholes to evade taxes.

When the concubines and concubines met each other, they recommended themselves to try out all kinds of exquisite luxury objects, and thought that the new inventions and fashions of the Song Kingdom had spread to Daliao, and they began to care about their sources when they ate fresh cucumbers and fruits in winter. In the end, in a summary document, the bright red total reduction and exemption of taxes payable was 3.6 million yuan, and 14 big characters made Yelu Hongji regret and wanted to hit the wall.

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