War or peace. Khrushchev: He was prepared with both hands. As far as Khrushchev's original intention is concerned, he hoped to be able to resolve the border and territorial issues with China in a peaceful way.

In later history, during the period of tension between China and the Soviet Union, many books and articles published in China regarded Khrushchev as a revisionist, a great careerist, ignorant, rude, and rude, and demonized him to the greatest extent. If there were no ideological controversy and no struggle for the position of the boss of the international communist movement, Khrushchev would have been a good person, and his support for China would have been the greatest. Before the "polemic" between China and the Soviet Union, there was a lot of praise for Khrushchev in China, both officially and non-governmental. Even Khrushchev himself admitted that in the first years after Stalin's death, Mao ZD was friendly and respectful to us. Objectively speaking, for China, Khrushchev was many times better than his predecessor, the new Tsar Stalin, and his successor, Stalinist successor, the head of Soviet social-imperialism, Brezhnev. Of course, by Stalin's standards, he was undoubtedly a revisionist, but if we look at it from another angle, is he a pioneer of socialist reform? Is it the xxxx of the reform and opening up of the Soviet Union? After stabilizing his position in the party, he implemented a policy of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union, breaking the shackles of the Stalinist model and the cult of personality, and rehabilitating the victims of the Great Purge. At the same time, he actively promoted agricultural reform, which improved the people's livelihood in the Soviet Union and achieved rapid development of the national economy in the Soviet Union. Of course, these liberal reforms were somewhat disorganized and systematic, and formalized the erroneous aspects of Stalin, while fundamentally discarding the Marxist aspects of Stalin, all of which were inevitably opposed by the Soviet party and political axe, as well as the Stalinists within the international [***] movement. Externally, he abandoned [***] and always believed in Lenin's concept of 'war and revolution' as the main guiding ideology. He proposed a peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism; Peaceful competition with the capitalist camp and peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries, the moderate "three harmony" line.

In the face of a series of "invasions" by China, a special meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the USSR [***] lasted for three days to study its countermeasures.

On the evening of the first day of the meeting, Khrushchev took Andropov to his office and asked him individually for his views on the Sino-Soviet territorial dispute and its solution. Andropov believed that "a war between the two socialist powers, China and the Soviet Union, is undesirable, and it will inevitably lead to the total collapse of the entire socialist camp, which is not in the interests of the USSR." China and the Soviet Union should still resolve this issue through negotiations, and it is necessary to lose their pawns and protect their cars. Khrushchev asked Andropov to comprehensively analyze the impact of the war between the two great powers on the international cause and on the Soviet Union from the aspect of the socialist camp. To find a practical way to peacefully resolve the Sino-Soviet border issue and to preserve the unity of the socialist camp, especially Warsaw......

Later, he went to Bulganin, who is currently the chairman of the National Economic Council, and learned about Bulganin's thoughts: "It is certain that the Sino-Soviet war will affect the economic development and construction of the Soviet Union, and if the scale of the war extends to the European part of the Soviet Union, it will cause a complete collapse of the Soviet economy." Even if the Soviet Union won the war, the Soviet Union would be reduced to a second- or third-rate country like Britain now. And now there is little certainty of victory. If China and the Soviet Union can resolve this territorial issue left over from history through negotiations, set aside some land, and win friendly coexistence between China and the Soviet Union, the advantages will outweigh the disadvantages in that respect. Khrushchev instructed Bulganin: "Then, from the perspective of national economic development and the national economy and people's livelihood of the Soviet Union, analyze which of the two aspects of war and peace is more conducive to the economic development of the Soviet Union, which is more conducive to the well-being of the Soviet people, and which is more conducive to the long-term peace and stability of the Soviet Union." ”

Compared to the Soviet army, which barely survived on the most basic food, and the millions of Soviets who lived half-starved on meagre rations, the Kremlin's dining room was a different story. The bizarre richness of the table amazed everyone except this "servant of the people". The table was filled with a variety of food and drinks. Red caviar, black caviar, smoked salmon, freshwater salmon, sturgeon, roast suckling pig, suckling sheep and suckling goat, stuffed turkey, piles of vegetables and fruits, piles of spirits and wines, ice cream cakes all reflect the great material abundance of Soviet socialist society.

In the Kremlin's small dining room dedicated to Khrushchev, Khrushchev slowly chewed red caviar and listened to Zhukov's analysis of the comparison of military forces between China and the Soviet Union: "The situation I just mentioned is only what I know about China's nuclear equipment, so I think that a nuclear war with China will not have any other results than the destruction of the Soviet Union." If we engage in a conventional war with China, the premise is that the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization do not take action, and of course this setting is unscientific. No matter what the United States and NATO say, they may not have a surname. It is not a question of the personal surname of the leader of the United States, it is determined by the imperialist surname. As long as one of the two sides shows signs of defeat, they will pounce on the losing side like a wolf, and there is no disputing this. However, we still set the Sino-Soviet war under this hypothetical condition that does not hold water. Otherwise, we wouldn't even have the idea of fighting, but even if it was based on the results of my and a few generals, there was no chance of winning. Zhukov picked up a glass of white wine on the table and drank it down, then skillfully cut a small piece of smoked salmon with a knife and put it in his mouth and tasted it slowly, and then he dipped it in a napkin symbolically on his lips and said: "If we do it with China now, we can only bring humiliation on ourselves, and it is very painful to come to such a conclusion, as a soldier, but this conclusion is the closest to reality." ”

Khrushchev put down the fork in his hand, pushed the plate inward, took a sip of white wine and said: "Is our nearly 1 million troops in Asia really so vulnerable? ”

"The quantity of modern warfare is no longer the main factor, but the more important thing is the quality, as early as 51 years after the joint proclamation of China and the United States, Stalin continued to increase the number of troops stationed in Asia. Before 1951, we had about 30 divisions stationed in the Asian region, including 15 divisions in the Soviet-Chinese border areas, and now we have violently increased our troops in the Asian region, especially in the Soviet-Chinese border areas, so that the Soviet Far Eastern Military District, which is close to northeast China, has become the only one of our 16 military regions with more than 20 divisions, and the Soviet Army in the Asian region has gradually increased to 50 divisions, 5,000 military aircraft of various types, and the Pacific Fleet, more than 100 intercontinental missiles and some medium-range missiles. The total number of troops is close to 1 million. Although China has been engaged in various wars over the years, their army has always remained between 2.5 million and 3 million. The total strength of the Shenyang Military Region, the Yanjing Military Region, and the Xinjiang Provincial Military Region, the three military regions adjacent to us, is also about 1 million, plus the 300,000 people of the three group armies of the newly established Far East Corps, and the total strength of China's troops in the north is about 1.3 million. In terms of numbers, they have 300,000 more people, which is not terrible. What is terrible is their quality, 70 percent of the officers above the rank of lieutenant are veterans who have participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and many of them have participated in military academies ranging from one to four years of study. In terms of equipment, they have about 1,000 planes, which is 80 percent less than ours in terms of quantity, but judging from the situation of this air battle in Outer Mongolia, the quality is not comparable to ours in terms of quantity, and it took them only three minutes from discovering to destroying our plane. And we didn't even see what their planes looked like. Speaking of this, Zhukov, the marshal of the Soviet Union who had fought all his life, couldn't help but sigh a long sigh: "Hey, no matter how much there is in this qualitative gap, what is the use of adding more orphans and widows to the Soviet Union?" There is also the difference between the tanks, from India to this time in Outer Mongolia has not heard of their tank having a record of being destroyed"

Khrushchev looked at Marshal Zhukov, who was looking at the sky and sighing, and said: "I can understand your feelings of worrying about the country and the people, so let's talk about these situations at this special meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee with those supporters of the Stalinist line in wooden heads, analyze from the perspective of military strategy and tactics what the chances of victory are in the Sino-Soviet war, predict how much the Soviet people will pay in the war, and comprehensively demonstrate the trend and outcome of this war."

"Please come in, Comrade Suslov, Comrade Khrushchev is still waiting for you in the office" The staff of Khrushchev's office looked at this "[***] Puritan" with great reverence and pushed open the heavy door of Khrushchev's office for him.

"Comrade Suslov, please be seated," Khrushchev said, pointing to the chair in front of his desk.

"Thank you" Suslov took off the round Lenin hat he was wearing on his head, nodded to Khrushchev and sat down opposite Khrushchev.

Khrushchev looked at this saint, who had been his university teacher, who liked to quote Lenin's remarks in order to strengthen himself when he wrote articles, who was self-assured, who was incompatible with the idea of material supremacy, and who was selfish, and said: "Comrade Suslov. I have brought you here today mainly to learn about the contents of the "Galahan Declaration on China," and I know that you are extremely well versed in this matter.

"Oh," Suslov replied softly, and after a moment of thought, there were some contradictions before and after the two "Galahan Declarations on China", but in general, Lenin still advocated the abolition of the unequal treaties signed by Tsarist Russia and the Qing Dynasty political axe, and the main contradiction was that "Galahan's First Declaration on China" wrote: "After the Soviet political axe returned to the Chinese people everything that the Tsarist political axe had plundered from the Chinese people or plundered jointly with Yu himself and the Entente countries, It was immediately recommended that the Chinese government negotiate the abrogation of the 1896 Treaty, the 1901 Yenching Agreement, and all agreements signed with the Covenant from 1907 to 1916. On September 27, 1920, Article 1 of the Second Galakhan Declaration of Soviet Russia reads: "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic declares that all treaties previously concluded between the Russian government and China are null and void, that all the territories previously seized in China and all Russian concessions in China will be renounced, and that everything that the Russian political axe and the Russian capitalist class have seized from China will be returned to China permanently and without compensation." ”

"It really deserves to be a living dictionary of Marxism-Leninism," Khrushchev couldn't help but admire when he saw that Suslov had effortlessly and accurately stated the main points of the "Galahan Declaration on China" twice. Then he asked: "Now that the Chinese have put forward these two more Declarations, what do you think about this?" ”

"To answer this question, to be honest, I have mixed feelings and contradictions, from the standpoint of the Russian national interests, I hope that our territory is as big as possible, and the more resources we have, the better. But from the standpoint of an international [***] person, in terms of the nature of the lands acquired by the Tsarist political axe, the act of the Tsarist political axe must have been an act of imperialist plunder. Comrade Khrushchev, you know, before the middle of the 16th century, Tsarist Russia was a truly European country, and it did not share a border with China. Later, Tsarist Russia continued to expand and invaded the vast Siberia before it was adjacent to the Chinese border. Since the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty in China, Tsarist Russia has penetrated deep into the Heilongjiang River valley, forcibly occupying large tracts of land there. In 1685, the Qing Dynasty sent troops to surround the city of Aksa, where the Russian army was entrenched, and the two sides had an armed conflict, and the Russian army ended in defeat, and the Russian government asked for an armistice, and then China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nebuchu on September 7, 1689 after 14 days of negotiations. The treaty stipulates that China and Russia shall be bounded by the Gelbiqi River, the Erguna River and the Trans-Khingan Mountains, with the north and west belonging to Russia and the east and south to China. The Nebuchu region west of the Ergun River, which was formerly part of China, became Russian territory. The city of Yaksa was owned by China, and the Russian-built city was demolished and its inhabitants were repatriated to Russia. After the two sides have signed a contract, they will be allowed to exchange trade. In 1727, 38 years after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu, during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty in China, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Brenchis and the Treaty of Kyakhta, which defined the middle boundary between the two countries. During this period, there were basically no major conflicts on the border between the two countries. But later, in 1858, the Second Opium War broke out, and the British and French forces attacked the suburbs of Yanjing and burned the Old Summer Palace. The Qing court was very frightened, and Emperor Xianfeng also fled to Rehe in a panic. At this time, Russia took the plane. ”

(To be continued)