Chapter Ninety-Three: Three Teachings and Nine Streams
Confucianism has achieved unprecedented development and growth in the Han Dynasty, and like Taoism, it has been supported and recognized by the imperial power, and has slowly penetrated and integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation, becoming an innate faith.
Since the beginning of the Three Kingdoms, the entire Central Plains Continent has been full of smoke and wars. The long-lived Sima Yi survived Cao Ying, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, stole the Wei State and unified the world, which should be said to be the gospel of the people. However, the Sima family was born with a despicable and shameless character, and their brutal and desolate rule made the country not very stable.
In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, the terrible "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" broke out. In order to compete for the pinnacle of power, the members of the Sima clan rushed to attack and kill, and the Central Plains Continent, which was gradually stabilizing, and the vast number of Li people were once again involved in the war.
Just when the princes of the Sima clan were fighting and both were defeated, the nomads in the north invaded the south.
Because the Han nationality occupies the Yellow River valley and has unique development conditions, the people of the Central Plains are much more solid and stable than the minority ethnic groups who were born in the bitter cold land and live in the grass, and they also have a very rich and advanced culture.
It is the instinct of animals to seek good fortune and avoid evil, let alone human beings, who are the primates of all things. No one wants to endure hunger and cold without longing to live in peace and contentment. Because of this, something called envy, jealousy, and hatred arises. Under the exploitation and provocation of careerists, war broke out, and it did not matter whether justice was right or wrong, but a war for survival resources and space, which broke out between the Han people and the northern minorities.
Although it is said that before the two Jin Dynasty, the relationship between the Han nationality and the minority ethnic groups was not harmonious and there was hatred, but it was far from being so intense. After all, the Central Plains is still vast and sparsely populated, and it is not difficult to carve out a piece of land for those minorities who are eager for stability. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty defeated the Xiongnu, some Huairou policies were very helpful in alleviating ethnic contradictions.
But the rulers of the Sima family, not only for something, maybe because their butts were arched by pigs, they just blindly oppressed and exploited the minorities, forcing them to return to the grassland, and became more and more hostile to the Han people.
When the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" broke out in the Western Jin Dynasty, the national strength declined, and the people's hearts were in turmoil, the nomads in the north invaded the south on a large scale, and the Western Jin Dynasty collapsed like a bamboo, so that it had to retreat south of the Yangtze River, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established with the support of the local nobleman Wang Jia (Wang Xi's family). The northern nomads took advantage of the southern invasion of the Western Jin Dynasty when the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qian, Qiang, and Di alliances were in the west, which was known as the "Five Hu Chaohua".
The Wuhu Rebellion was extremely humiliating for the Han nation, the richest place in the Central Plains was occupied by barbarians, and the most noble Han nation was reduced to the lowest slaves. The most terrible thing is that the Han culture has been greatly hit and even stagnated because of this.
It would obviously be unfair to attribute only the mistakes of the Wuhu Rebellion to the Hu people who invaded the south. The desire to live a better life is the most essential pursuit of human beings, and it is also the reason why human beings have developed and become the masters of the world.
Ethnic integration is the trend of historical development, and during the Cao Wei regime, the Han nationality and the minority ethnic groups were in contact with each other and slowly integrated. However, Sima's stupid and brutal political strategy further intensified the national contradictions, and finally led to the Wuhu Rebellion that almost brought down the Han nation.
The Wuhu Rebellion lasted for about a hundred years, and it was not until Xianbei established the Northern Wei Dynasty that it came to an end.
In order to truly conquer a nation, it is not enough to rely on force alone, but also to have an advanced culture.
The minorities who grew up in the wilderness were not a little worse than the Han people in terms of culture, and they undoubtedly became barbarians in the eyes of the Han people. How could the proud Han nation allow people who are vulgar in their eyes to act as a prestige on their heads, and conflicts naturally occurred.
The rulers of the minority ethnic groups, because of the factors of their growth environment and education, are born with a fierce and barbaric energy, and they vainly want to rule the rich Central Plains in the backward way of ruling and managing the grassland tribes, which will only further provoke the resistance of the Han people, which is simply a big mistake. In the face of the rebellion, the only recourse they could think of was bloody repression and brutal killings, which deepened the national contradictions, and there was almost no room for relaxation.
In history, it is often said that the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are far fewer than the Sixteen Kingdoms facing each other from the north and south of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is recorded in history that in just over a hundred years, there are more than 100 emperors on the record, and there are no ordinary people who dominate one side and establish themselves as emperors. In that chaotic era at that time, the country was changing like a marquee, and the word "withering people's livelihood" could not describe the situation at that time.
There is no emperor who does not want to be able to enjoy peace for a long time, his country is stable and peaceful, and he will always hold the power in his hands. In that era when there were as many emperors as dogs, those who could dominate one side were obviously not mentally handicapped children. Naturally, some of them knew the root causes of the country's chaos, but they were helpless.
It is undoubtedly the most correct way to learn the culture of the Han nation in order to rule the Han nation and alleviate the contradictions between the ethnic groups. However, they did not dare to adopt such an approach. When the people accepted the Han culture and were assimilated, who was really conquered?
While the rulers were distressed, a new sect emerged: Buddhism.
In this era when human life is as cheap as mustard, the lives of ordinary people are simply miserable. And the Buddhist emphasis on the reincarnation of cause and effect, the theory of the afterlife, undoubtedly gives these people who are desperate for life hope to continue to live. Many people have come to Buddhism, taking for granted the sufferings and calamities of this life, and they have learned to endure and give in, which is undoubtedly extremely advantageous for the rulers.
With the addition of foreign Buddhism, the originally acute national contradictions were passed on, and the national contradictions became the contradictions between Eastern Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe established the Northern Wei Dynasty (also known as Later Wei, Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei) and unified the chaotic north for more than 100 years. Speaking of the Northern Wei Dynasty, we have to talk about a woman, that is the Empress Dowager Feng of the Northern Wei Dynasty, a Han person who made significant contributions to the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and she is called the Empress Dowager of Civilization in history.
The state before the Northern Wei Dynasty was called a barbarian state, and that was because the ruling class from top to bottom of the country was very barbaric and rude, and did not understand what civilization was at all. The reason why the Northern Wei Dynasty is different is that Empress Dowager Feng has made great contributions. Under her strong reforms, the Xianbei of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to learn Han culture, adopted Han customs and habits, banned all the bad habits of the past, and gradually made them civilized. Her grandson, Tuoba Hong (Yuan Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty), completely inherited and carried forward her political strategy, which brought the Northern Wei Dynasty into a stage of rapid development.
The reform of Empress Dowager Feng and Tuoba Hong is extremely important in history, which not only accelerated the integration of the Chinese nation, but also played a great role in the inheritance of Han culture.
In order to prevent the invasion of other ethnic groups further north, the Northern Wei Dynasty set up six towns on the border of the north, which were guarded by the country's very elite troops. The central aristocracy gradually became sinicized, while the fresh nobles in the bitter cold land on the border still retained their original customs, and because their treatment was not very good.
While the ruling class of the Northern Wei Dynasty accepted the Han culture, it learned more about the decadent lifestyle of the Han scholar class, arrogant and extravagant, cruel and brutal, and brutally exploited the people under its rule, which led to the eventual demise of the Northern Wei regime. The nobles of the Six Towns with elite soldiers and horses were far more powerful than the central government, so the war broke out, and the Northern Wei Dynasty finally went to extinction, giving the good country to Gao Huan and Yuwentai.
In this era of frequent wars, it is not so much a war between nations as a conflict caused by differences in cultures caused by ethnic integration. Through the beacon fire, it is not difficult for us to see the shadow of the three religions and nine streams.
The so-called three religions are Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Compared with Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism is loosely organized, not like a sect. The so-called "Nine Streams" refers to other schools of thought, such as the Holy Religion.
These sects have the most advanced culture and ideas, and the struggle between them can also be said to be the bane of war. Whenever there is trouble, they are at their most active, and the victors have the best resources for development and the widest range of followers.
After the collapse of the Holy Religion, the ancestors of the Za family had to continue to hide and endure in order to continue to survive and inherit, for this reason, they created the Lunatic Cult, with the moon as a totem, although the sun is not weak and can shine on the earth, but it is also an eternal existence.
Miscellaneous family, characterized by "Confucianism and ink, and the method of co-naming", is to absorb the strengths of each family. In other words: I know everything, but I am proficient in everything.
However, after nearly a thousand years of development, various schools and factions are also merging with each other, and the boundaries are far less obvious than they were at the beginning. For example, the ruling class governed the country, although it used Confucianism, but they also established the law rather than the ritual law, although these were their tools to oppress the common people, but they had the shadow of Legalism.
Now, seeing that the Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Southern Chen Kingdoms are about to have a big war again, and the world may return to unification, the various sects and factions will begin to be active again, and on the bright side, it is still the three religions of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism that have won the greatest victory, but as for the Moon Worship Sect, it has no blatant strength. I can only hope that I can find the person who applied for the celestial phenomena, so that I can compete for the luck of development in the future.
In the 5,000-year history of China, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which occupied less than one-tenth of the era, were really hard to imagine in terms of people's lives. According to statistics, in the past few hundred years, a major war has broken out every two years on average in the Central Plains Continent, and this data is amazing. It is not uncommon for people to be displaced and their families to be destroyed. Zhang Rong is the witness and bearer of this suffering world.