"The door to new dangers in the world is opening!"

Wang Hengyue wrote this, paused, lit a cigarette, thought for a while, and then continued to write:

"Poland was the key to the Treaty of Versailles. This ancient country was torn apart by Austria, Prussia and Russia, but was finally freed from the clutches of its oppressors and reunited intact after 150 years of enslavement and partition.

Suffering did not destroy the Polish spirit!

But justice to Poland must require a fair recognition of her unusual suffering. While she was still dazzled by her newfound freedom, and before she could stir herself up to adapt to the circumstances of the time before her, a series of dangers, perplexities, and embarrassments came upon her, which even the most intelligent and stable government could hardly handle.

Poland was weaker, smaller, inexperienceless, unorganized, unstructured, short of food, short of weapons, short of money, and could only ostentatiously wave her unquestionable and newly reconfirmed certificate of ownership of freedom and independence. A reasonable understanding of Poland's difficulties is indispensable for a correct assessment of Poland's precarious situation.

The intention of those who formulated the Treaty of Versailles was to create a lively, clear, and vibrant organism in Poland between Germany and Russia, and between Russian Bolshevism. As long as it lasts, it will form a useful barrier with the rest of Europe. The destruction and collapse of Poland and her integration into the Russian political bloc as a whole will make this barrier disappear. The occupation of Poland by the Bolshevik army, or the subversion of the Polish state through Bolshevik propaganda and conspiracy, would inevitably have a serious, even fatal, impact on the interests of all countries.

The difficulties that Poland had to deal with such as those of the Russian Soviet government should not be underestimated. Every other country that had direct contact with Bolshevik Russia experienced the same difficulties. These countries have never established a satisfactory peace with Soviet Russia under any circumstances.

The Bolsheviks not only carried out their military activities, but also, together with them, and at the same time or alternately in the territory of their neighbouring countries, using all kinds of propaganda means to induce soldiers to mutiny against their officers, to stir up the poor against the bourgeoisie, to arouse the workers against the employers, to arouse the peasants against the landlords, to paralyze the country with a general strike, and to destroy the existing form of social system and government in general. Thus, a state of peace, that is, the actual fighting that temporarily ceases the use of weapons, may simply mean a more difficult and dangerous way of waging war, that is, not attacking the borders with soldiers, but disintegrating the state from within, destroying every organ it has at its disposal.

For a newly established country like Poland, she struggled to stand up after more than a century of foreign rule, her finances were disorganized, her resources were exhausted in a terrible war, and the latter form of attack was particularly dangerous.

However, the Bolsheviks, while loudly proclaiming their desire for peace, began preparing an offensive on the Polish front from the end of last year.

In addition to the constant reinforcements to the Polish front, there were many signs of an imminent Bolshevik attack. The approximate strength of the Bolshevik armies on the Western Front increased from 81,200 men in January 1920 to 99,200 in early March and 133,600 in mid-April

These figures are infantry and cavalry, that is, combat strength. After the fall of Denikin, a large number of troops were released. The Bolshevik leaders made many statements to the effect that they were going to deal with Poland as they did with Denikin and Kolchak, and Poland was extremely anxious about what would happen to Poland in the event of such an attack.

Undoubtedly, regardless of whether the propaganda of the Bolsheviks and their reinforcements to the front worked or not - they were capable of defeating the Polish army and overthrowing the government behind them, and if so, an extremely difficult situation would arise.

About two months earlier the Bolshevik offensive against the Poles began, the main center of gravity of this offensive was on a 250-mile front between the Pripet swamps and Transnistria. However, it became clear that the Polish army, though undersupplied and ragged, was imbued with a strong patriotic spirit.

Despite repeated offensives by the Bolsheviks in the latter part of the month, their offensive never made any real progress. The Bolsheviks then proposed the start of peace negotiations and asked the Polish government to specify a time and place for the negotiations. …,

The Poles proposed Borisov, a place very close to their front, and proposed April 10 as a suitable date, while also expressing their willingness to arrange for a cessation of hostilities in that part of the front.

The Poles also assured that their army would not conduct counteroffensive operations during the negotiations. The Bolsheviks, however, rejected the Polish proposal, demanded an armistice on the entire front, and chose the place of negotiation somewhere in the interior of Poland or in a neutral or Entente country!

At the same time, the new reinforcements of the Bolsheviks were concentrated on the Polish front, and there were signs of another offensive against the Poles. Thus the Poles naturally thought that the Soviet Government was merely stalling for time, that it was trying to create a standstill in order to undermine the morale of the Polish army and people by means of propaganda, and to prepare for a new offensive.

The Polish government, led by Marshal Połsudski, a former revolutionary who opposed tsarism, was certainly well acquainted with the political situation in Russia and showed that they knew how to stabilize the Russian territories which they were temporarily governing. It is believed that their desire was to create some kind of buffer zone between them and Bolshevik Russia, in a word, on a certain part of their front. Such a buffer zone would be filled by an independent Ukraine.

On April 27, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a communiqué to the effect that Poland recognized Ukraine's right to independence and recognized the government of Petrola. On the same day, Marshal Pilsudski issued a declaration in which he declared that the Polish army was ready to cooperate with the Ukrainian army and that they would remain on Ukrainian territory for as long as the Ukrainian government was formed. He said that as soon as this government was formed, the Polish troops would be withdrawn.

On the same day, Petroula also issued a declaration urging the Ukrainian people to do everything they can to promote cooperation between the Polish army and the Ukrainian army.

#阝尼金将军当然是完全反对一个强大的波兰或一个独立的乌克兰的, his idea was a united Russia that maintained the pre-war state borders, and although he was willing to recognize a Polish state, its borders were to be negotiated and approved by Parliament. With his disappearance, the Ukrainians, under the leadership of Petrola, had driven the Bolsheviks from a large part of their territory and were committed to creating an independent Ukraine free from the Bolsheviks. Parallel to the progress of Poland's efforts in Ukraine, there was a massive popular uprising against the Bolsheviks, and there were signs that the liberation forces were welcomed.

There is no greater benefit in the famine regions of Central Europe than in rebuilding a peaceful Ukrainian state on the basis of allowing economic and commercial development. It was there in Ukraine, and not in the starving regions of Russia, which had fallen into abject poverty under the Bolsheviks, that there might be hope for an increase in food supplies.

It's uncertain what the outcome will be. The Bolsheviks would undoubtedly try to subdue the Poles. It will be very difficult for Ukrainians to establish order in their own country.

However, assuming that the Government of Petrola manages to establish and maintain an independent and civilized government, it should be able to liberate the grain-supplying regions of Ukraine, which in doing so will be protected and supported by a strong Poland, and that it should be possible to achieve a satisfactory and comprehensive peace in the east during the summer. If, on the other hand, Poland succumbs to the Bolsheviks and Ukraine is ravaged, the anarchy and chaos that will inevitably accompany the establishment of Soviet power will destroy all productive capacity, and it will prevent Ukraine from exporting grain effectively.

After the Poles were forced to withdraw from Kiev, the Bolshevik invasion of Poland once again made it clear that it was at hand.

If Poland collapses completely, if the Bolshevik army runs rampant in Poland or if the Polish government is overthrown by a Bolshevik uprising at home, then we need to think about the future, and what are we determined to do? In the face of this situation, will our policy be indifferent?

The situation became so threatening that a defense conference was formed in Poland, which had the power to decide all questions relating to war and peace; The Prime Minister of Poland declared to Congress that the entire country was in a critical state and that its responsibility must be recognized.

The main Bolshevik forces began to advance on the northern section of the Polish border. They passed through Beresina and occupied Kovno I.

Poland offered to accept a peace between Poland and Russia based on the self-determination of all peoples, and warned the Entente of the consequences of if the Polish army submitted to the Soviet army.

As a result of the Great War, Eastern Europe was in danger.

The Red Army swept through the Polish troops. Behind the retreating Polish front, germ cells and tissues in every town emerged from their hideouts, ready to welcome the proclamation of a new Soviet republic. It seems that Poland has escaped from a 150-year history of being divided among three military empires. Doom loomed over the newly liberated country.

Red propaganda rose like waves in the city. Where will the wave of social disintegration stop!

The feverish efforts of the Poles and the Entente for armisticice and peace continued at the same time. These demands were rejected by the Bolsheviks!

Now, it's time to defend Poland!

It would be a terrible thing for the Bolsheviks to continue to run rampant, with a catastrophic destruction of civilization and order, which no civilized country would want to see"

Wang Hengyue put down the pen and breathed a sigh of relief.

Anything and any action must always be carried out in a high-sounding form from the moral high ground! Clear