∷ Shuha Novel: Novel

"At that time, people said that Duan Gong was pro-Japanese, but now some people say that I am pro-American, but in fact, although there is a difference between my pro-United States and Duan Gong's pro-Japan, there is no significant difference." Yang Shuoming smiled and said, "I think Duan Gong can understand what I mean." ”

"If you can say that, I'm relieved." Duan Qirui raised his glass again, Yang Shuoming and Xu Shuzheng glanced at each other, and also raised their glasses.

"Cheers to you for digesting this catastrophe invisibly this time," Duan Qirui looked at Yang Shuoming and said loudly. Xu Shuzheng saw that Yang Shuoming listened to Duan Qirui's meaningful words, and just smiled.

The three of them drank a full glass again, and when they looked at each other, they all felt that their hearts were open.

"Your 'five-year plan', now that it has been three years, it can be said that it has achieved remarkable results, even if there is no trouble in bringing in American capital, it is worth it." Duan Qirui said, "The same borrowing money, but doing very different things, you can build the foundation of our Chinese industry in just a few years, this is where I am inferior to you." ”

Listening to Duan Qirui's praise, Yang Shuoming just smiled slightly, "When it comes to industrial development, it is nothing more than technology, equipment, and talents. He looked at Duan Xu and the others and said, "Coupled with a peaceful internal and external development environment, as long as there are more than ten years, there will be great success." ”

In 1921, China finally ended all wars at home and abroad. By 1922, after full development during World War I, industrial and agricultural output had reached its highest level since the late Qing Dynasty. In 1923, China began to implement the first five

Annual plan. After the end of the First Shijie War, when the economic difficulties caused by the war swept through Western countries, China was in a new early stage of domestic economic construction. The economic difficulties of the West have become a good opportunity for China's rise as a great power.

In 1923, China signed technical assistance agreements with Western countries for more than 60 projects, involving metallurgy, industrial machinery, metal processing, fuel power, petrochemical industry, transportation, agricultural machinery, agricultural irrigation engineering, automobile, steamship and aircraft manufacturing. The number of technical assistance projects accepted by China increased to 126, with a total value of 87 million silver dollars. A large number of modern backbone enterprises established during the First Shijie War, especially in the new ministries of industry such as steel, machinery, fuel power, chemicals, automobiles, tractors, aircraft, shipbuilding, etc., were established using the most advanced equipment and technology of the West, and even with the direct help of foreign experts. According to some U.S. observers, "About two-thirds of large companies in China are built with U.S. help or technical assistance...... The rest, too, were mostly established with technical assistance from Germany, Britain, France, Italy and other countries. ”

Secondly, China began to import machines in large quantities. During this period, China became the largest buyer of machines in the shijie market. In 1923, 50 percent of the machinery and equipment exported to the United States was sold to China. From 1920 to 1924, 40 percent of Britain's total machine exports were also sold to China, and 20 percent of all Shijie machine exports were also sold to China, accounting for 35 of China's total imports in 1922 and 52 in 1924. From 1920 to 1923, China imported machinery and equipment totaling 1.3 billion silver dollars.

In addition to the introduction of a large number of technologies and machinery and equipment, China also attaches great importance to "intellectual imports". In the midst of the economic difficulties in Western countries, there have been a large number of unemployed technicians, many of whom have been recruited to work in China. In 1923, there were 1,652 foreign experts and 14,963 technicians working in China, an increase of more than four times and more than 20 times respectively over 1917. At the same time, China has also sent personnel to study abroad through channels such as the "Technical Assistance Agreement". From 1920 to 1923, China's National Economic Development Commission alone sent more than 4,000 managers, engineers and technicians to study abroad.

Since economic construction requires a large amount of capital, attracting foreign loans is also one of the main tasks of China's government. Before the First Shijie War, none of the Western powers was willing to lend to China, and even the loans came with harsh conditions. But after the end of the First Shijie War, a large amount of excess capital appeared in the West in the post-war economic difficulties, which put China in a fairly advantageous position in the international financial market. From 1920 to 1923, China received loans from the banks of more than a dozen countries, including the United States, Britain, Italy, Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, and France, and by the end of 1923, China's loans totaled $1.4 billion. …,

In international economic relations, in order to obtain a good environment for development, the Chinese government has put forward the proposal of "win-win cooperation". In June 1922, at the League of Nations Economic Discussion Conference held in London, China put forward a plan for developing foreign trade and strengthening international economic cooperation, suggesting that Western countries provide long-term loans to China to ensure China's normal exports, and that China was ready to provide orders with a total value of about $1 billion to foreign countries in the short term, and may purchase $100 million in sè metal, $200 million in black sè metal, and about $100 million in textiles, leather raw materials and rubber in the near future. About $400 million in equipment and $50 million in consumer goods. These proposals are not only conducive to China's economic development and the improvement of the living standards of the people at home, but also conducive to alleviating the economic difficulties of Western countries, and have also demonstrated the image of a responsible major country in the international arena. It has been well received by the participating countries.

The reason why China has been able to achieve such remarkable achievements in such a short period of time is not unrelated to Yang Shuoming, the "dark bat" who has traveled to this era.

"This time Feng Jishan's incident also shows that there are many people in China who still want to be warlords." Xu Shuzheng said, "Domestic economic development is one thing, and the corresponding institutional reform must be strengthened." ”

"yes." Duan Qirui looked at Yang Shuoming, then at Xu Shuzheng, and said, "You Yang Hanzhi is talented and thoughtful, but sometimes your heart is too soft, if Xiang Yu is benevolent; You Xu Youzheng are talented and intelligent, but you are too arrogant, bold and daring, and you have too many enemies, if you two can complement each other, it would be good. ”

"What the teacher said is extremely true, the students should be corrected in the future after this bloody lesson." Xu Shuzheng glanced at Yang Shuoming and said to Duan Qirui.

"I've been in the wild for many years, and I can't help you with any major national affairs." Duan Qirui sighed, but his words were full of gratifying expectations, "Xiwang, the two of you work hand in hand, so that our China can become rich and strong."

Listening to Duan Qirui's words, Yang Shuoming and Xu Shuzheng looked at each other and smiled.

"Of course, I won't attend this parade meeting." Yang Shuoming said, "Cai Songpo is there, and you have to rely on Brother Zheng to help." ”

"Don't worry." Xu Shuzheng nodded confidently, "This time, the 'glass of wine releases the military power' will be wrapped around me." ”

Listening to Xu Shuzheng's words, Duan Qirui felt that his arrogant disease seemed to be committed again, and couldn't help glaring at him, Xu Shuzheng immediately understood the old master's gaze, and couldn't help but smile.

"Actually, if you, Yang Hanzhi, attend the tour envoy meeting this time, they won't have any objections." Xu Shuzheng said to Yang Shuoming, "As soon as you, the 'God of Martial Wealth' arrives, none of them will have to sell your face." ”

"I don't want to save face right now." Yang Shuoming smiled and said, "I want to set the rules down and let everyone act according to the system." Because face will be lost one day, once the system is settled, it is not easy to change. ”

"Not really." Duan Qirui listened to Yang Shuoming's words, shook his head, and said, "I remind you, Hanzhi, don't believe too much in this democratic representative system. ”

"Why did the teacher say that?" Xu Shuzheng understood what Duan Qirui wanted to say to Yang Shuoming, but he still deliberately asked.

"When I succeeded Yuan Xiangcheng, I cleaned up the mess of his imperial government, rebuilt the republic, and chose to return to the democratic republican system instead of being the emperor, does Hanzhi know why?" Duan Qirui asked.

"Please make it clear." Yang Shuoming said.

"I was a kind of repair of what Yuan Xiangcheng did in the previous stage, although I Duan Qirui was a martial artist, but at that time, my belief in the Western representative system was the same as that of you Yang Hanzhi, and I also fantasized that I could achieve results and change the face of China through the serious operation of this system."

"Danshi, what I didn't expect was that when zhendeà was done, I found that things had completely changed for the better. It stands to reason that many of the problems could have been resolved through Congress. Danshi's parliament at that time did not have this kind of institutional consciousness, and the parliamentarians who had just come out of the imperial structure became representatives of the people's will, but they were only regarded as officials. At that time, it was not only the warriors who held real power who did not understand what their duties were under the representative system, but also the representatives of the people. Everyone is interested in power disputes, but they are not in the mood for system building. ”

After saying this, Duan Qirui glanced at Xu Shuzheng meaningfully. …,

"Yes, the political situation in China was so strange at that time, and I found that whenever I was willing to abide by the rules of the representative system, there were many obstacles in doing things, and nothing could be done. Xu Shuzheng remembered the "Anfu Congress" that he had raised with one hand, and couldn't help but smile bitterly.

"I understand what Duan Gonghe and Zheng meant, at that time, on the one hand, it was the legitimate power of the representative system, and on the other hand, it was a martial arts group with real power, and there were two layers of skin. There are two layers of skin, both of which have real meaning. Representative government is supported by a system of successful experience from the West, and behind this belief is the evolutionary thinking that has been all the rage, which has been the dominant ideology in China since the late Qing Dynasty. However, it is the warlords who really control the situation, and only they have the strength to control the political situation. Although the ideology of evolution is powerful, it is still metaphysical, and the real instrumental value at the level is still our traditional Chinese yīn power seeking technique. Yang Shuoming nodded and said, "This is what Duan Gong wants to tell me." ”

"Since I left the wilderness, I have devoted myself to the study of the political history of various countries, and I have often read Hu Shizhi's writings, which has benefited me a lot." Duan Qirui said, "Hu Shizhi said that the political history of various countries is divided into two stages, the first is the founding of the country, and the second step is to use the country to seek happiness. We have not yet done a good job in the first step, and we cannot talk about the second step, and China's current so-called "social **" is a big obstacle to the founding of the country. Our problem now is the question of whether the state exists or not, not the question of that kind of country. ”

"The situation in China is exactly what it was before England had not been Tudor**, France had not been bōbian**, and Russia had been without Romanov**. Although we have gone through thousands of years, unfortunately our monarchs, because of the special circumstances, have not fulfilled their historical duties. ”

"Like Henry VII who unified England and began the so-called Tudor dynasty for a hundred years. Within 100 years, the British had become a nation-state. Henry IV of the Bōpun dynasty of France cleaned up the situation and built the foundation for two hundred years. After the light of Louis XIV**, France also became a nation-state. The same is true in Russia. After three hundred years of the Romanov dynasty, Lenin and Trotsky were able to accomplish their great deeds. The world only knows that Lenin overthrew the Romanov dynasty, but ignores that this dynasty left a very valuable industry to the ** family, that is, Russia has grown from an imperial state to a nation-state in the past three hundred years, so Russia has not been able to have the disadvantages of secession. ”

"I'm afraid it's not a necessary stage for nation-building, is it?" Yang Shuoming thought for a while and said, "To say that ** is a necessary stage for the establishment of a nation-state, why has our China not achieved the historical mission of founding the country and created a nation-state after thousands of years?" Since China's old-style ** has not fulfilled the responsibility of nation-building, will we have to go through a new style of nation-building in the future? ”

"Yes, Hu Shizhi's opinion is that ** is not a necessary stage for building a nation-state. Citing Britain as an example, he said, 'The British nation-state is not entirely due to the power of the monarch.' The emergence and spread of new literature in the English Chinese, the popularity of English translations of the Bible and prayer books, the influence of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the emergence of London as the political, economic and cultural center of Britain, the rapid development of the textile industry, and the rise of the middle class were all important factors in the creation of the British nation-state. Not all of the factors that created the nation-state were formed in the Tudor dynasty. Duan Qirui said, "At present, many people still think that China is not a nation-state, but Hu Shizhi believes that China has long been a nation-state in a broad sense." The reason for this is that we are still Han Chinese, and this is the result of the national consciousness created by the Han Dynasty for 400 years. The second is the 300 years of unification of the Tang Dynasty, so that those emerging southern ethnic groups still claim to be Tang people, and with the long-term unification of the Han and Tang dynasties, we have developed the concept of a whole Chinese nation. When we read the literature of the remnants of the Song and Ming dynasties, although they do not seem to be loyal to the view of one dynasty, in fact, the dynasty and the monarch are just a concrete symbol of the nation-state. Otherwise, why did no one compile the records of the Yuan relics after the loss of the country? Why did a group of old people after the Manchu Qing Dynasty lose the country and only became a laughing stock in society? Therefore, we are particularly sympathetic to the remnants of the Song and Ming dynasties, which can show that China has long been a nation-state; This sympathy for the past did not arise in today's era of the rise of new national thought, and its seeds were planted in the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, and it was already very tragic in the period when ancient Manchuria came to dominate China. ”…,

"To the end." Yang Shuoming nodded approvingly.

He also wrote: Ordinary people only know that being a citizen of the Republic requires a high level of knowledge, but they do not know that ** requires a particularly high level of genius and knowledge. It is something that requires more technical content than liberal democracy; In fact, the success of the Russian Cloth Party was not an overnight accident, but was the result of the education and training of the entire European civilization over the past hundred years. In a country like China, which has '40,000,000 Adou', no matter how wise 'Zhuge Liang' is, he can't do his **. ”

"Besides, what is the great magic problem in China today that can appeal to the emotions and reason of the whole country, so that the whole country can stand under the leadership of a certain leader or a certain party and a certain class, and create a new type of situation?" Xu Shuzheng remembered Feng Jishan's telegram and said, "Our China, after all, is not Russia. ”

"Yes." Yang Shuoming said, "The first is the leader's **, the second is the dictatorship of one party, and the third is the dictatorship of one class. If you want to engage in **, in addition to having high-level ** talents, you must also have a warm problem that is full of anesthetic, which can incite the hearts of the people of the whole country and capture the enthusiasm and loyalty of the young people of the whole country, so that a ** regime can appear. In reality, there is no such hot problem that is full of narcotics, and there is no slogan that can incite the hearts of the whole country, so China cannot make a Soviet and Russian style. ”

"What the teacher means is that we in China have to take a 'modest' route between democracy and **?" Xu Shuzheng finally understood what Duan Qirui meant by quoting scriptures and classics.

"Democratic politics is the politics of common sense, and enlightened ** is the politics of special heroism. Heroic skills are not guaranteed, and common sense is easier to train. In a country like ours, where talent is scarce, the best political training is a kind of democratic constitutionalism that can gradually spread the political power. China's Adou should be trained, and China's Zhuge Liang should also be trained a little more. And if we look at Shijie's political system, only democratic constitutionalism is the most naïve political school, and it is the most suitable to accommodate naïve Adou like us. After thirty or fifty years of training in democratic constitutionalism, we may have the opportunity to practice an enlightened state of enlightenment in the future. Duan Qirui looked at Yang Shuoming and said.