270 Primitive Accumulation and Crisis in the New Era

The New World is just a concept relative to the Old World, and when the various peoples of the Eurasian continent come into contact with other continents, the status of the other continents relative to the Eurasian continent is the New World, and in the eyes of the aborigines of the New World, people from the Old World are also guests of the New World,.. Unknown places are new, unfamiliar, mysterious, and attractive relative to the familiar known areas.

If the Indians were more advanced and developed, colonizing and exporting culture to Eurasia, then maybe today's history books will mean that Eurasia is the new continent and the American continent is the old continent.

The wealth that the empire obtained from the mysterious New World was naturally extremely considerable, far exceeding the benefits of colonization by the European powers, and at the same time paying far more than the cost of development and rule by the European countries of the old time and space.

When the feudal countries such as Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, and the Netherlands went out of Europe, they only invested in the colonial cause of some small sampan-level fleets and regiment-level military organization expenditures, and most of the later inputs were used to produce the benefits of the colonies, and the main means of accumulating wealth were also inefficient and stupid pit abduction, stealing, robbing and killing (glass beads for gold - pits, makeup, tributary small countries to cheat and get rewards - Mongolia, trade in black slaves and colonial laborers - abduction, lease of Macao - cheating, **antiques to steal national treasures - steal, colonial wars - robbery, ** Aboriginal and colonized people-killing) and other primitive and crude methods of capital accumulation.

Having experienced the baptism of the information society in the post-industrial era, it is naturally impossible for the traversal to look at such inefficient methods of exploitation and colonization, all of which belong to the past tense, and the speed of capital accumulation in East Asia is unimaginably fast. The source of capital is essentially the supply of commodities, flat land, tall factories, fertile fields, dense forest farms, high-yield fisheries, rich mines, numerous equipment, open technology, first-class talents, sufficient money are the capital of the growth of the primitive accumulation stage of capital, obviously the most important is the accumulation of talent and population, and the others are things that can be increased in large quantities in a short period of timeIt is also the core element that determines the scale of capital appreciation.

The history of Germany and Ben after World War I and World War II shows this law, and the two countries that were the most intelligent in the primitive accumulation of capital were obviously these two countries, one of the first to recognize this from the time of the Elector of Brandenburg, who established compulsory education with compulsory surnames, and the other who quickly started a modern education system with the money saved by tightening their belts after the Meiji Restoration. A steady stream of high-quality labor force is the confidence for these two countries to become economically equal to the traditional powers such as Britain, France, the United States, and Russia on the basis of poverty and whiteness. The two countries did not have vast colonies to provide land, food, resources, and money, but relied on industrious people to build complete industries and powerful armaments with a large number of technology and labor to compete for the markets and wealth needed by society.

With people, there will be all kinds of capital such as land, resources, wealth, and markets. What about the great powers that have no talent? Just look at Spain and Portugal, what was left of the two countries that had colonies before World War I? On the contrary, what did the poor and white Germany and the Ben have after the First and Second World Wars? The economic growth of Nazi Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany became a miracle in the economic history of mankind, and the original also produced a miraculous rate of growth and capital appreciation after World War I and World War II. In the process of high globalization, capital other than people can be quickly gathered and leased, as long as you want, you can always find a suitable seller.

It is known that a big country needs not only a complete industrial system and a governing theory that keeps pace with the times, but also a perfect new blood (talent) manufacturing mechanism and distribution mechanism. Immigration and education are the most important national policies for foreign expansion, and the new immigrants in Chizhou, except for a small number of miners who dig gold mines, are all running for land and trade wealth, and only through the crowd will focus on the construction of an education and welfare system that runs Indian tribes and buys the hearts of the aborigines.

After a large amount of newly excavated gold and silver from Chizhou flowed into the empire according to the plan of the traversal, the prices of the empire fell instead of rising. At that time, Spain thought that it would be able to bring peace to the mainland by transporting the gold and silver of its colonies to the mainland, but unfortunately it backfired, its own economy did not advance but retreated, and the evil inflation caused by the net inflow of money destroyed almost all export industries and destroyed local agriculture.

Everything produced in the country was more expensive than imported, and the wealth and resources that flowed in from the colonies in the capital account such as taxes, transfers, booty, royal tribute, and plantation dividends were continuously drained from the trade account from imports such as grain, consumer goods, and luxury goods from Britain, France, and the Netherlands. This kind of selfless transport captain completed the compulsion of profit transfer in the spirit of internationalism, which is a unique case of failure of capital accumulation in human history.

The original capital accumulated by the Chinese Empire, which has a large land and a large population, is many times larger than the scale of Europe before it entered the industrial revolution, and it is several times or even dozens of times that of the whole of Europe in terms of land, real estate, total mineral output, skilled labor, and the total amount of money circulating in savings. Why didn't there be an industrial revolution like in Europe? This problem has been plaguing countless people, some say that the system is too centralized, some say that science and technology are too backward, some say that it is insufficient capital, and some say that Confucianism is feudal and conservative. In fact, this general difference is not determined by one factor. In the view of the crossers, the failure to transform from a small-scale peasant economy to a market economy is one of the most important driving factors, that is, the incentive system that determines people.

Chen Guanxian, a financial master among the crowds, has established a perfect financial system for the empire, and his achievements are simply unbelievable. In chronological order, it is a textbook legend, the internal equity trading market, the establishment of the corporate bond market, the establishment of the treasury bond market, the establishment of the stock market, the establishment of the futures and insurance market, the establishment of the banking system, the establishment of the reinsurance market, the establishment of the Asian monetary community with the empire as the main body, the use of government bonds to force the abdication of the Zhao family, the establishment of the imperial financial defense mechanism, the establishment of the credit system...... The most gnashing of these report cards is the secrecy part, which creates a rubber stock economic crisis to bankrupt the old and the young, creates a land price crisis to force landlords to go bankrupt and land capital transfers, and creates a food price crisis to harvest the last gate wealth.

The technology that transcended the times allowed the empire to skip the primary primitive accumulation stage of cheating, cheating, stealing, robbery, and killing, and directly jumped to the intermediate stage of national debt (the people pay taxes to repay the interest on the national debt to subsidize the investment projects of the national debt and the capital enterprises it supported), tariff barriers (high tariffs protect the infant industry in the early stage of the country from the pressure of international competition, and at the same time maintain the high price of the industrial products to increase the capital accumulation rate of the domestic industry), The issuance of credit money such as banknotes (the expansion of monetary policy and the flood of credit money to increase the abundance of capital and the flow of the lubricant for industrialization) and the initiative to maintain high wages and low prices (the need to use rapid industrialization to maintain high wages and control freight costs to import cheap grain and raw materials from the colonies). As for the advanced stage, there is no shortage of means, such as the establishment of a virtual economic market to absorb excess currency, an ultra-high-speed real economy expansion supporting system, modern financial and credit support, insurance and low-tax support, import and export tax rebates and subsidies, and high-speed depreciation accounting system.

In order to support the healthy development of the economy, Li Ji and others have basically invested all the dividends into expanding reproduction and technology research and development in addition to their usual living expenses. Zhao Shouzhong, who has many children, three wives and four concubines, hesitated to build a palace for his family, and finally added a few grandchildren to the family after weighing for a few years, and when he couldn't live in it, he allocated a little less dividends to the newly opened overseas branch, and withheld the money for the family to build a new house called the Chu Palace.

This concept of self-denial is just the opposite of the Spanish royal family, and the result is naturally that there are more and more hens laying golden eggs, and the industries and imperial national strength of the various people have been continuously developed and sufficient funds, as the largest chaebol of the empire, when the monopoly of 30% of the empire's wealth and 50% of the industrial capacity of the Chenji Group and the imperial state-owned asset management group cooperate to engage in the allocation of funds and resources similar to the planned economy, the explosive growth of the economy is inevitable.

But in the corners of the prosperous era of fire-fired oil still lurk intrigue and crisis.

Even if the top intellectual resources are concentrated, the power of the gate valve has been weakened repeatedly through economic means, and it is not possible to say that it is completely worry-free. Even New China, which had experienced a hundred years of war, did not completely eliminate the gate valves of the Qing Dynasty in Taizu's several three-time movements, and the economic blow that was hundreds of times milder could be compared to the gate valves of the Great Song Empire, which had been in its heyday.

In ancient Europe, resources were often in the hands of the aristocracy, and the social ascent channel was also monopolized in the hands of the aristocracy, and all incentives were a game between the aristocracy. This monopoly did not begin to falter until the wars of religion, which destroyed stable belief systems and the theocratic system of divine authority that depended on theocracy to rule the rulers. The tax collectors and aristocratic creditor classes born from frequent wars became the nouveau riche, and their source of voice was not the military power provided by the feudal land ownership system or the power of faith provided by the church system, nor the cultural recognition power provided by the ancient bloodline and patriarchal system, but the power of pure wealth, which made all the poor nobles love and fear. After the discovery and colonization of the New World, this power became the main force that dominated the European power ecology, and the era of warlordism in the past came to an end, and the era of the plutocracy came after the exile of Napoleon the Great, the representative of the monarch. The Rothschilds, the creditors of Britain, had the last laugh, which also meant that Europe became the Europe of the capitalists, and no longer the Europe of the aristocracy.

And in China, the long-standing habit of great unification cannot produce enough war debts and abject poverty and magnates, and all dynasties are either revolted by peasants or died by nomads, and the rich are not given the opportunity to bet on both sides. The innate condition that the aristocracy was too strong and the capitalists were too weak was doomed as early as the pre-Qin era, and even Lü Buwei, who leaned towards power and opposition, had no way to change this situation, and there was no essential change until the information society. The Han landlord class is just a change of words for the aristocracy, and the ancient family has always been the master of the Eastern Empire. No matter how powerful the power of wealth is, it is impossible to suppress the gate valve that is not bad for money. How could such a background give birth to the Industrial Revolution?

The new aristocratic system, which no longer determines the political status by bloodline and military strength, has been repeatedly questioned and hindered, and it is difficult for the cross-public to change the caste of the empire if it were not for the win-win cooperation attitude and the ruthless and iron-blooded approach to the enemy.

The final counterattack of the too-big-to-fail gatekeeper has been manifested in the past few years, and the empire's money supply has shown signs of abnormality. Many small and medium-sized gold mines in Chizhou were not controlled by the Traders, because the normal output of these mines would not have any impact on the huge Imperial Bank and financial system, but would provide more sufficient deposits and purchasing power to accelerate the development of the colony, but the bank's reports in the past two years showed that the amount of scattered gold and silver purchased was very small, not even comparable to the small explorer-level gold mines in the first year of immigration.

In a normal year, the annual inflow of precious metals and net capital into the empire will not exceed 1 million gold coins, that is, 10 tons of gold, in fact, this is just a false figure to fool the people, and the internal bank reports seen by the traversal and the partners are quite authentic and credible, how can the traversal who uses hydrocyanic acid to not let go of low-grade gold mines get only 10 tons of gold a year? Just one Potosí mine can provide this amount of silver and tin ore. In fact, the annual income of precious metals and net capital in the whole Chizhou exceeds 200 tons of gold, which is the value of 20 million gold coins, and according to the annual expenditure of 100 dragon yuan for a family of three, the milk squeezed out of Chizhou can feed 2 million people every year.

At this time, the number of all immigrants in Chizhou had just reached 2 million. Such a high net income is basically the profit of the various colonization companies and trading companies that have invested in Chizhou. The return of the wealth to the empire did not cause inflation or deflation in the colonies, as the money slipped back through investment in the expansion of reproduction and the construction of the colony's infrastructure through the appropriation of the central treasury of the empire.

At this time, the gate valve began to move, and although the industries that survived the repeated rectification and economic crises were becoming less and less compared to the high-speed growth of the traversal industries, they could be regarded as rich and rival countries. This country is not an ordinary small country, at least it is equivalent to the treasury of the Baltic Kingdom of India. Due to the stock crisis and several times of being pitted, there is little land left in the traditional gate valve family, the real estate and stores have also been repaid by the bank, the grain trading and the ** industry of the old bank have also shrunk in the competition of the public, and the social welfare system and the progressive family income tax system have also made people scattered. These emaciated camels can still make some waves. The treasure and coffin at the bottom of the box did not fall into the purse of the Mongols, so they naturally had to take it out and fight for the last chance.

Confucius said, "The road is not good, and the sea is floating." These families, who have received thousands of years of elite education, naturally know that the new society cannot tolerate the old forces, and the old forces will have to migrate. When Qin annihilated the Six Kingdoms, the migration of the magnates of the Six Kingdoms and Xianyang was a kind of forced migration, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty migrated to the rich and wealthy of the world and the grave area of the Liu family was also this idea, and later the forced migration was not popular, so it was changed to the southern crossing of the northern ethnic minorities to burn and loot with the threat of death, and since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the millennium gate valve in the Hanzhong area of Guanzhong has formed the habit of opening branches and moving headquarters in the south. The Great Song Empire of the old time and space fell to Mongolia, and these gate lords had no way to move, so they could only struggle in the ravages of the Mongols for nearly a hundred years. After the crossing came, these families were able to survive, encouraging them to participate in overseas colonization and the expansion of various new industries in industry and commerce. After the establishment of the empire, the gate lords quickly diverged, and the radicals quickly adapted to the dynamism of the industrialized society, becoming the new capitalist aristocracy, and the centrists became the new clans vying for the position of colonial governors. The few remaining conservatives who have resettled and relocated to the land are holding up the ancestral family law, and at the same time adhering to the tradition of villager self-government and national law, and constantly fighting against the infiltration of the people.

After cooperatives, student officials went to the countryside, and many other sharp tools were used, the remnants of the rural grassroots had to soften their attitudes and slowly began to cooperate for a win-win situation. Among the conservatives, the ultra-conservatives who still have a grudge against the countryside in the past era are naturally punished and punished. The empire did not have the punishment of barbarians such as confiscation, and after paying the fines for illegal gains, the old bullies in these families often had a lot of accumulated wealth before the founding of the country and before the amnesty of the world, either hoarding goods, buying high prices, selling low, land annexation, etc., or human trafficking and usury. These are all legal transactions that you and I are willing to make, and we can't go over old accounts anymore.

These resentful opponents of the new dynasty could not adapt to the wave of industrialization and the arduous pioneering of the colonial cause, so they had no choice but to start their old profession as human traffickers, traffickers, speculative brokers, and usury merchants. After working in the new-style banks and money banks for a period of time, many children of old families learned the rules of the game and began the process of making trouble in the financial market. Many opposition families have moved their families to the New World and worked hard to manage them, hoping that the Old World will soon be disgraced.

Several economic crises and stock frenzyes in various colonies have learned from the small turmoil caused by the rubber stock crisis created by the public back then. After the discovery of the Chizhou continent, these little crocodiles found an opportunity to take advantage of the gap of public unpreparedness to win the first soup of the local bill discounting and stock and bond insurance markets in Chizhou in one fell swoop, and established the first batch of local exchanges and fixed markets.

In the following year or two, although there was no big move in the secret layout, he also obtained a lot of valuable mortgageable assets and banknote deposit certificates. Although capital continues to grow and flow in Chizhou, the growth rate of cash in the hands of these extreme speculators far exceeds the average rate of Chizhou. These large certificates of deposit and the sheer volume of banknotes are the best tools for a run. Chizhou's banks and financial institutions maintain similar reserve ratios as the mainland, but Chizhou's economy does not have as many industrial entities as developed in Chizhou to support this excessive risk. To put it simply, there is a large amount of cash flow and a large number of enterprise certificates of deposit in the empire itself, and the inventory of physical goods and material reserves to cope with runs and panic purchases is very low, while Chizhou is in the process of high-speed construction, and the continuous flow of immigrants and aborigines has consumed a lot of materials, and the reserves have only been maintained at the warning level, making it difficult to cope with large-scale panic purchases. A large amount of gold, silver and coins were secretly transported back to the mainland by these speculators through internal **, exchanged into banknotes and treasury bonds and other non-metallic currencies, and deposited in banks as margins. After this system loophole was discovered by these guys, it became one of the most important killer features.

The run requires a large number of coins and precious metal coins, although those banknotes equivalent to precious metal coins issued by the Imperial Treasury and the Imperial Bank, which can also serve as legal reserves, have the same value and status as cash within the financial system, but they are not necessarily recognized by the common people, and the merchants of consumer goods and necessities do not necessarily accept them.

This kind of stealing and changing pillars without any flaws in the books has increased the risk of Chizhou's banking system dozens of times at once. When these guys launched an offensive and set off a run on the bank, banks and central banks everywhere simply couldn't come up with enough coins to accept the deposit receipts and banknotes in the hands of countless depositors who lined up at the banks to withdraw cash and ask to exchange coins. On the third day, the panic erupted after the rumors and the reality that the coin could not be taken out corroborated each other. The opposition that held the Chizhou Great Exchange fueled the news that it had been prepared for a long time, what government bonds were about to plummet, what stock market was about to collapse because of a run on banks, what deposit insurance company was bankrupt and all insurance companies were in crisis, and banknotes were about to turn into waste paper and could not buy anything. All the shops in Kinmen Port were snapped up overnight by people waving banknotes, and the state-run warehouses and material reserve warehouses were also surrounded by people holding banknotes.

The panic in Chizhou suddenly spread to the empire itself, and the main financial products traded by the major exchanges in Xinjing also plummeted after the sudden panic news report in Chizhou. The various varieties of commodity futures exchanges suddenly skyrocketed, and they were dispersed into countless accounts in advance to short these financial varieties and long commodity futures The opposition to commodity futures became rich overnight, which is equivalent to adding a zero to the number on the account. In the end, the crisis and run on Chizhou were quickly quelled by the large quantities of supplies urgently mobilized by the Empire and the coins shipped from the mainland, but the losses caused by this panic could not be recovered.

After the investigation, the opposition's power expanded dozens of times, many stocks and high-quality assets fell sharply in panic, and the opposition, which made a lot of money, turned the short-selling account into a large number of treasury bonds and blue-chip stocks, and some of them were also exchanged for land and mines absorbed at low prices. The majority of shareholders and investors who suffered heavy losses in this Black Monday crisis can only admit it after the investigation is made public. There are tens of thousands of people who participated in this short-selling and run and profited, and it is difficult to judge who is the mastermind, and there is no law to punish such a man-made disaster. These opposition factions have exploited the loopholes in the market rules and systems formulated by the public, and have made huge profits in reasonable and legal trading methods. Chen Guanxian, who was unwilling, naturally couldn't swallow this breath, and decided to make the families who made the most money this time pay the price. (To be continued.) )q