[The Spring Festival is approaching, I wish you a happy New Year. In addition, I'm sorry.,A few days of the holiday.,There may be some problems with the update.,But it's guaranteed to be constantly updated.,As for the second update.,I'll do my best.。 】

said that it was a reception banquet, but Han Gang and Shen Kuo didn't drink much at the banquet.

After the banquet, Han Gang and his entourage were arranged to stay at the Yin Hotel. Shen Kuo led the way in front and invited Han Gang to the back hall.

As soon as I entered the hall, I saw a six-foot square model of a sand table.

Han Gang didn't think it was different, Shen Kuo presided over the production of the Xihe Road sand table, compared with the old type he made back then, much more accurate, in terms of surveying and mapping, Shen Kuo's level is far stronger than Han Gang, Shen Kuo arrived in Tangzhou, of course, he will not lose his specialty. It was only when he walked in that he found that the sand table made by Shen Kuo was even better than he expected.

This is a sand table model centered on the Xianghan Cao Canal and shaped the geographical terrain near Fangcheng Mountain. Scale, latitude and longitude, diagrams, orientation marks, and the signs that should be on the maps of later generations, everything is not lacking - among them, there is Han Gang's credit, but more of it is Shen Kuo's genius - but the most important thing is that this sand table is not the same as the map of Tangzhou that Han Gang saw when he was in the capital, it is very different. In addition to the problem of fineness, the main reason is that the area of difficult and rugged areas such as mountainous areas is narrowed, and the area of plains is enlarged.

"It's based on a bird, right?"

Shen Kuo nodded very smugly: "It's the bird picture." ”

The bird diagram is a cartographic method advocated by Shen Kuo. The so-called bird map, as the name suggests, is a map drawn by imitating the bird flying in a straight line, which excludes the interference of the terrain and landform.

In the past, maps were influenced by topography, and many times they were based on the actual itinerary, and the more difficult the place, the greater the error. Of course, there is a problem with this, in the mountains, thirty or fifty miles a day, and on the plains, it is also common to have a hundred miles, so the map drawn is very different from the actual terrain. But it is not bad for daily use. After all, the map at this time was mostly used to command the march, and the actual date of the trip could be determined by referring to the map.

Nowadays, Shen Kuo draws the bird map used to make maps and sand tables, and the distance on the map is like a bird flying directly in the air, excluding the distance error caused by the landform, and in the words of later generations, it is the distance from the actual terrain to the plane projected vertically. It is not clear who invented this cartographic method, but there is no doubt that it comes from the six principles of cartography determined by Pei Xiu in the Jin Dynasty, namely 'Division, Quasi-Wang, Daoli, Superiority, Fang Evil, and Straightness'. Han Gang was the first time that Shen Kuo saw it since he made the map and sand table of Xihe Road. The ability to make a bird diagram and use it to make a sand table is actually the result of a step up in measuring instruments and techniques.

However, the geography of Tangzhou in front of him was a step further than the level of the previous two years, and Han Gang pointed to the sand and asked, "It's much more accurate than the old times." Do you have any inventions? ”

"Indeed." Shen Kuo nodded conceitedly, "A few days ago, in order to measure the mountains and water ranges of Tangzhou, as well as the distance of the road, Brother Fool improved the theodolite and rangefinder...... It's just that the time is too short, and it can only be done in a hurry. If you give the foolish brother another two years, the mountains and rivers of Tangzhou will be on the map. ”

"It's a pity that Brother Cun may not be able to have two years." Han Gang said with a smile, "Once the Xianghan Cao Yun is opened, how can Tangzhou be a place to be virtuous?" ”

Han Gang said it well, in fact, he wanted to make Shen Kuo die, but Shen Kuo was also happy to hear it, if it wasn't for the atonement for his sins, wouldn't it be better to go to Jiangnan than Tangzhou?

Han Gang and Shen Kuo did not work together for a long time, and their friendship gradually developed through their common interest in natural science. Relatively speaking, Han Gang did it deliberately, and Shen Kuo came from his heart, and when he talked about the mechanical structure, he immediately became gushing.

The sand table model was quite normal, but what Shen Kuo showed to Han Gang next was jaw-dropping.

- It turned out to be a model of a multi-level lock. It was not placed in the back hall, but in the back garden of the state government, on a living water drawn from the outside. The whole lock model has a human head, from high to low is divided into five levels, and the opening and closing of the lock door can be realized by winch. The water in the locks is supplied by a small water wheel.

Shen Kuo gave an order, and the small waterwheel pushed by manpower lifted the water to the top of the lock, so that the clear water flowed from above, and the gate on the lock was opened in turn under the control of the winch, so that a small wooden boat model, along the lock channel, traced from the lowest water surface to the top of nearly one person high.

Shen Kuo pointed to the model of the lock and said to Han Gang, "Yukun, this invention of yours has solved the problem of the ship crossing the weir at once, it looks simple, but if it is not broken, no one can think of it." ”

Han Gang shook his head: "I'm just an article on the picture, and what really realizes it still depends on your means." ”

Han Gang and Shen Kuo praised each other for a while, and the last one laughed.

Shen Kuo asked again: "Yukun, are you planning to set up the Cao Sizhi Office in Xiangzhou?" ”

Han Gang nodded: "Xiangyang is the source of Caoyun, and Xiangzhou is more suitable than Luoyang." ”

"Then you'd better keep one or two henchmen in Tangzhou, so that you and I can get in touch."

"It's good that I have exactly two suitable people here." Han Gang nodded, and suddenly thought of something: "When I was still in Luoyang two days ago, Li Chulao [Li Nangong] said that his second son was talented in engineering construction, and wanted to recommend him to join my scene. When Li Eryanei comes, I will arrange for him to stay in Tangzhou and wait for the dispatch by your side. Li Chu is always a smart person, and he should be able to know my mind. ”

"Li Nangong's second son? It seems to be the one who didn't get the Jinshi several times, and I heard that he has already given up his fame and gone to Yunyou. I really dare to recommend it. Shen Kuo sneered without scruples: "If Elder Li Chu could be less selfish, he would not have been in the sea for forty years, and he would have reached his current position." ”

Han Gang smiled. Shen Kuo was actually right, Li Nangong naturally saw the benefits of opening up the fortune of the Xianghan Dynasty, so he tried every means to stuff his second son, who could not pass the Jinshi examination, into Han Gang's shogunate. However, Li Nangong is the deputy envoy of the transfer, and many things in the Cao Division are indispensable for his help, and Han Gang doesn't mind having an idler to share the credit, "Li Chu's hometown has a long history, and his second son must be able to help in governing affairs." ”

Han Gang and Shen Kuo chatted until late at night, returned to the Yin Hotel, and after a short sleep of two hours, Han Gang got up and went out of the city with Shen Kuo to check the water leakage and water blockage that was about to become the main channel of Xianghan Caoyun.

The state of Tangzhou is in Piyang County, and the state of Xiangzhou is naturally in Xiangyang, the distance between the two places is very close, and it can be connected by the water, and the traffic is very convenient.

This water diversion is one of the most important components of the Xianghan Cao Canal. The southern section of the Xianghan Cao Canal is the Han River, and when the Cao Yun arrives in Xiangyang from the Han River, it will turn north from the water and arrive at the Yang. After passing the sun, it turned into the upstream tributary of the water to block the water and arrived at the foot of Fangcheng Mountain.

The channels that need to be dug and the weirs set up to improve the water potential are all set up and started from the upstream of the water blockage, crossing Fangcheng Mountain, and flowing into the Shahe River at the northern foothills. When the water flows through the Fangcheng Pass, the next step is all the way to Pingchuan, straight to Kaifeng, the channel that really needs to be dug is actually very short, and most of the sections can borrow the existing waterway. If it weren't for the sighing topography of Fangcheng Pass, such a rare passage would never have been abandoned.

The peach blossom flood in early spring has passed, and summer has not yet arrived, and the water leakage seems to be very gentle, but the river water originating from the depths of Fangcheng Mountain has enough depth to pass the Gangzhou boat rated at 700 materials.

"However, the Han River and the Leakage Water have enough water depth, as long as the river trough in several dangerous places upstream is dredged, thousands of materials or even thousands of five hundred materials can reach the foot of Fangcheng Mountain." Shen Kuo and Han Gang stayed on the banks of the Ma River, looking at the gurgling water.

"After passing through Piyang County, the river channel that blocked the water has become shallow." When Han Gang passed through Fangcheng Mountain and headed south, he had already checked the situation of the waterways along the way, "In order for the Bianshui to be able to pass through the 700 material boats, the water depth must be guaranteed to be around six feet. How many should you need for a ship of thousands of materials and a ship of five hundred materials? How can you say that you can let 1,500 ships pass to Fangcheng Mountain? ”

"Build a low weir in the river to raise the water level. The continuous construction of weirs can raise the water level along the way. Shen Kuo replied.

"It's like a spiritual canal?"

Shen Kuo nodded: "In order to open up Lishui and Xiangshui, the Qin people built the balance of the barrage in Xiangshui, raised the upstream water level, and divided a part of the Xiangjiang River into the Ling Canal. But in this way, the communication between the upstream and downstream of Xiangshui was blocked by the balance of size and size, and in order to allow ships to travel smoothly between the upstream and downstream of Xiangshui, a north canal was opened. If a lock is set up, there is no need to dig the north canal, and the lock is directly used to climb over the balance stone embankment that blocks the Xiangshui River. In the spiritual canal, there is no need for thirty-six bucket gates, and one lock is enough. Pointing to the river in front of him, "A weir is set up to raise the water level on the blocked water, and the boat can climb over a weir through a two-stage lock, and several locks can easily reach the upper reaches of the river." ”

Han Gang nodded in agreement with deep feelings, he was very familiar with Lingqu, and what Shen Kuo said was very reasonable.

"And after the weir is built," Shen Kuo continued, "it has become easier to divert water and irrigate the ground, and all kinds of water-powered appliances such as waterwheels can come in handy." ”

With Shen Kuo, it really saved a lot of things. The biggest problem in opening the Xianghan Cao Canal is how to make the canal water pass over the Fangcheng Pass, which seems to be gentle but is six zhang higher than the north and south sides. Now Shen Kuo is in charge of the work in Tangzhou, on the one hand, he raises the water level of the blocked water, on the other hand, he digs deep into the river, and Ruzhou in the north cooperates, to open this pass, but it is easy, it only takes time.

What Han Gang has to do now is to repair the track of Fangcheng Pass. After opening up the canal, the work of completing the entire canal can be handed over to Shen Kuo to do, and he only needs to enjoy the results in Xiangyang.

Han Gang could even give Shen Kuo the most outstanding credit, and the credit for taking the lead and controlling was enough for him, and his current goal was academic status, not practical merit.