Chapter 232 Executor of the Details of Macroeconomic Policy

People need the cooperation of many organs to live, the situation of primitive society is like a baby, it needs the right time and place to develop, once the climate changes, it is forced to move everywhere, slave society is like a child, has settled but is very fragile, natural disasters ** are still powerless to resist. In feudal society, the division of labor was more developed, and there was surplus product that could be used as a reserve for relief, just as man had more fat to cope with famine. However, when society develops into a capitalist society, the division of labor has reached the point where a large-scale virtual economy is generated, just like people wearing a thick coat, which can better distribute heat and resist the dampness and cold brought by wind, frost, rain and snow.

Every settlement is a society, an economy like an independent person, the big cities are the big money, the small cities are the ordinary people, and the villages and towns are the poor. In an agricultural society, it is generally whether the terrain is flat, the plain estuary with convenient irrigation, the country of abundance with a mild climate and fertile soil, or an important ruling center of the country. In the industrial society, there are many developed conditions, such as whether there are rich minerals and energy, whether it has a large number of cheap labor gathering and absorption capacity, whether it is in the sea canal transportation or railway and highway and other convenient transportation arteries, whether it has a vast economic hinterland, and so on.

These factors are just like whether a person is physically strong or not, whether he or she has great strength, etc., to evaluate whether a rural family can rely on the development of farming or become a chief of the village to concentrate resources, whether it has become a mine handed down from the ancestors, whether it has enough contacts, whether it is a toll station on the main traffic road, and whether it has a vast back garden.

Those who hold this view are quite level, but they are not far from the vision of the public. The city is an economic level between the family and the state, and it is not unreasonable to divide the economic hierarchy into three levels larger than the family in ancient times: the family of scholars, the country of princes, and the world owned by the Son of Heaven. (In ancient times, all the property in the clan of a big family belonged to the highest patriarch, that is, the person who held the title of nobility, and the scholar was the bottom of the ruling class with a title, and the management was the economy at this level, which was equivalent to a modern village or community). Managers are the decisive factor, Li Bing left Dujiangyan in Chengdu, Su Shi left Su Causeway in Hangzhou, Lankao County, which was poor and white, became a land of fish and rice under the leadership of Lao Jiao, and a small fishing village like Shenzhen can develop rapidly like a fish in water when the decision-making level takes the initiative to kick into the tide of market economy.

The manager of the city in China is the county order, in ancient times this is a great official, its power is equivalent to the entire prefecture-level city of the full set of government team, a person who holds several positions can be described as the party, government, financial law to grasp, so it is not surprising to call the county order Bailihou.

It is obvious that the quality of a city's managers determines the speed of its development. A fool who has no strength and does not know how to operate can never turn into a big money, just as a settlement without good managers cannot become a big city.

Among the many residential administrative officials in ancient and modern China and foreign countries, it is the most complete in China, and there are not only data indicators such as household registration, finance and taxation to confirm the performance of officials, but also the simplicity of morality and folk customs, as well as cultural indicators. The litigation rate should not be higher than much, and the proportion of people who were selected in the examination to show off their talents were the most basic achievements in ancient times, and they were placed on the table. Wealthy areas and areas with a flourishing literary style have always been the cradle of cultivating officials, so it is not only easy to be promoted or make a fortune as an official in these areas, but it is also much easier to buy the hearts and minds of scholars and students to gain prestige. It is more conducive to forming gangs and factions, controlling officials' reserves and monopolizing political resources.

In ancient China, there were many dynasties where the government was dominated by a regional bureaucracy with typical local characteristics, and I won't go into details, you know. The Shandong clan became the most popular gate valve before the implementation of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, and the most troublesome dispute between the old and new parties in the Great Song Empire was because of the conflict of interests, the ideological struggle was only superficial, and reform and conservatism also changed with the tendency of the benefits of promotion, wealth, fame and other benefits (the emperor's idea). This kind of struggle greatly depleted the vitality of the dynasty, and the emperors of all dynasties were unable to find a way to solve this great problem left over from history.

In the era of the feudal system, each was in charge of its own, and the battle was relatively small, but it intensified in the Warring States. In the Han Dynasty, the implementation of the parallel system of counties and states not only could not alleviate the civil war, but also had no choice, the separation of military and government, the centralization of power, the reform of the aristocratic system, the implementation of the probation system, and the monopoly of government positions by the gate lords were adopted by the emperor as the only ease-up struggle, forming an expedient measure to stabilize the order with unspoken rules.

Like Wang Anshi and others, the trivial matter of reforming and carrying out actions that harm the people to the vested interest groups below is not enough to worry about.

Unexpectedly, the appetite of the gate valve is getting bigger and bigger, the land annexation is endless, and the emperor's corners have been dug down several times, these managers can only share the cake, and the tradition of not making cakes is absolutely unacceptable to the public. Therefore, at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China, they made three chapters of the law, regardless of the origin of the magistrates, and only grasped the political achievements that the people wanted to see, coercing and luring them into battle, so that this kind of fuck-up tradition would roll out of the minds of the ruling class.

Traditional household finance and taxation parameters are still important for assessment, but more important are more practical parameters such as the Ligi coefficient (which embezzles Gini's results) and the median national disposable income. Generally speaking, as long as the human development index under the rule increases faster than the growth rate of the national GNP, the top leader can be promoted, if it is almost able to stay in office or be transferred, if it is too slow to do so, it may have to be transferred to backward areas to aid construction.

In order to establish an efficient and honest management team, the company has directly borrowed the group's model and vertical management model, allowing each citizen to write letters to the specially established Independent Commission Against Corruption to report corruption and inaction, and all the funds and personnel of the Independent Commission Against Corruption, which is only accountable to the Senate, are independent of the government's financial and official recruitment reserve system. Much of the funding is provided annually by the investment profits of the Imperial Anti-Corruption Fund, which is under the control of the Senate, and the staff comes from the most motivated universities of political science and law and young volunteers from all over the country, and the four independent institutions are almost completely copied from Hong Kong's Independent Commission Against Corruption.

Zero tolerance for corruption was the fundamental reason for the determination of the Crossing Masses to set up this institution, and under the supervision of such an advanced system that spanned thousands of years, there was almost no possibility of major corruption cases in the new empire. The mechanism of suppressing corruption is like the self-defense mechanism of the human body, which requires a strong combination of identification (supervision), killing (punishment), and immunity (legislation).

In general, most of the officials who survived the initial purge and several movements after the founding of the People's Republic of China were the elite of the old era of scholars, doctors, bureaucrats and officials, and were basically family members or relatives and friends of the partners who knew the times. The new young officials of the academic school who are full of grassroots (reserve officials from many colleges and universities who have passed the new-style imperial examinations) who have passed the new imperial examination are basically promoted by real political achievements, and there are many young heroes who have passed through the rich families and partners who have passed through the youth and have relied on military merits and great achievements in colonizing overseas to be promoted, and within ten years of entering the central ministries of the empire as senior officials.

It is no joke to build a modern bureaucratic system from scratch, which is related to whether the ultimate goal of the traversal can be successful, and it is also related to whether the corners of the traversal will be poached by the new gate valve in the future.

Therefore, the magistrates of the various county orders and state capitals were purged in the initial great exchange of blood by the Crossing Public, and all serious offenders who had made overt and covert visits and had committed particularly heinous crimes were dealt with severely and quickly. Forcibly changing the pattern of resource distribution, such as fighting local tyrants and dividing up land, has always been a prelude to a major political reshuffle and a killer weapon for maintaining stability, and the dynastic changes of successive dynasties have been transferred by the will and inclination of the economic base (land owners). In order to occupy a strong moral high ground in the social atmosphere of land annexation, the land under the name of each individual is pitiful, almost only a few hundred hectares (the real estate holders are group companies and subsidiaries), and the economic and political status is completely negligible (in the Song Dynasty, even the most bad Zaifu can also get 10,000 hectares of fertile land).

Which of those traditional old bureaucrats is not a big landlord with tens of millions of family property and land? Which one hasn't done anything about annexing land? A few hundred acres of land cannot afford to support a serious official, that is, the master of the county government and the head of the prison cell, these non-staff personnel who are not in the stream, have 100 acres of real estate at home, and they still need to ask those officials who are scholars who can only be supported by the rich families of landlords? In the feudal society where books, stationery and tuition fees are high, it is necessary to provide at least a large family with more than 100 acres of land to provide nearly 1,000 stones of grain to support a full-time student for ten years.

The most preferred thing in the rural patriarchal society ruled by the small peasant ideology is land ownership, and the clan spends blood to support a son who holds power, how can there be a reason not to annex the land? The foundation of governing the family is merger, which is the ancestral training of the scholars and doctors of the past dynasties after the initial tax of acres. What virtuous and virtuous people are strict in governing the family is bullshit, farming and reading heirlooms is a fig leaf, where does the money come from without arable land?

After these officials seized power, which one of them did not love money and merge into a madness? Is it that Bao Zheng, a famous scholar of Longtuge University in the Qing Dynasty, did not leave tens of thousands of acres of family property to his children and grandchildren on the premise of accepting a large number of salaries and benefits corresponding to the titles and titles issued by the state (Note 1)? The consequences of such annexation are no different from the concentration of capital in the capitalist era. Excessive concentration of wealth will only lead to economic and social crises, and will lead to the shrinking of the spending power of the majority of the people due to the uneven distribution of wealth, and lead to a major reshuffle. The ancient ruling class, without economics, knew that there was always merger, but when the private interests were in conflict with the collective interests of the ruling class, the scholars and bureaucrats could not be of the same mind as the royal family, which was one with the private interests and the public interests.

When the old ideas, the old family interests, the old style of doing things, and the old systems and regulations encounter the new values, new group interests, new technical means, and new management systems of the capitalists and the middle class who have crossed the deputies, they are almost completely retreating. Ever since the enormous economic power was transformed into political power after controlling the finances and national debts of the Great Song Empire, the Travelers began to participate in the administrative system of various regions on a large scale. From the Mongol tribes in the north, to Hokkaido in the east, to the Uighurs in the west, and to the Spice Islands in the south, they sent their disciples everywhere to occupy important positions and official positions. In addition, there are cunning partners who have been old and old officials to provide technical support and share resources in various key outlets, and a huge economic network can quickly transform some functions, and the group network that controls the financial, industrial and commercial resources of various localities monopolizes the largest voice in various places under the nose of a feudal state that has not received the influence of modern histology.

When the Chinese Empire was founded, the old bureaucrats and many big landlords who were networked on the Internet were either partners or the targets of the scheduled purge, and the already monolithic traversal group could naturally sweep away all the opposition, so that the Great Song Empire had just come out of the shadow of the empress dowager and was in charge of Zhao Xu, who was in charge of the government, abdicated. (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to subscribe (this site), reward, your support is my biggest motivation. )