(374) The gift of heart-pounding

Xiangdao, the singer of the final ending, tears quietly blurred the lama's eyes.

At night, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction site is brightly lit and still busy. Yang Shuoming walked out of the shed and came to the construction site.

"The power of diesel locomotives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an average altitude of 4,000 meters will drop by nearly half, and the general maximum slope adaptability is 12 thousandths, and because of the lack of oxygen, the fuel combustion is not sufficient, and a large amount of exhaust gas will be generated, causing environmental pollution." Several engineers introduced Yang Shuoming, "The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is designed with a maximum slope of 20 thousandths, and the harsh climatic conditions and special geographical environment are the 'roadblocks' for the railway paving." ”

"The speed of the project is still a long way from the speed of laying in the plains, although we can ensure safety and quality."

"The problem of frozen soil is not easy to solve, this time we built the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and many places have also referred to the experience of the Russians in building the Trans-Siberian Railway."

"That's a good progress." Yang Shuoming nodded, expressing satisfaction. After all, this was in the twenties of the twentieth century, and it was impossible for him to ask too much about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which Yijing was born decades earlier.

"In fact, if there is enough manpower, the progress may still be accelerated." An engineer said.

Yang Shuoming looked at the busy workers, most of them were Han, and his brows furrowed slightly.

"Where is this brother from?" Yang Shuoming casually stopped a young man transporting concrete on the construction site and asked.

"I was originally from Henan, my hometown was Kaifeng, and later I came to Yibin, Sichuan, to farm and work for my boss. Later, he became a soldier again, but he did not catch up with the battle; After the reorganization of the troops in Sichuan, I was sent here. The young man replied.

"How's the treatment here?" Yang Shuoming asked again.

"It's a compulsory soldier here, the construction site includes food and accommodation, the food is not bad, there are vegetables, rice and noodles, and a monthly salary of 30 silver dollars, more than half of which is sent home. It is...... I just miss my parents at home. As the young man spoke, tears flowed, "I heard that the land is divided in the house, and I want to go back and see ......."

"You're not just earning money to support your family, you're doing something meaningful. It's not bad in your hometown now, your parents have been given a piece of land, and you must be living well now, so you can do a good job here, and you can go home directly to visit your relatives as soon as this train is passed. Yang Shuoming patted him on the shoulder and comforted him.

Seeing off the young man, Yang Shuoming turned his head to look at the hazy mountains in the moonlight in the distance, and fell into silence.

At this time, the singing voice echoing in the head of the owner of the small scripture hall of the Potala Palace reached Yang Shuoming's ears.

Listening to the sweet singing, the expression on Yang Shuoming's face was first surprised, and then turned from surprise to excitement and movement. And when the singing voice was at its highest, he also seemed to have a strong resonance, and the corners of his eyes were moist.

"It's a good song." Yang Shuoming said, "...... The beasts on the mountain have no master, but none of the people under the mountain have no master...... This serfdom must be abolished. ”

"Yes, even if it is not for the sake of more manpower at this railway site, this serfdom must be abolished." Qu Shuang, who is now a reporter for "Awakening Lion" magazine, lifted his glasses, coughed lightly, and said to Yang Shuoming.

"I understand." Yang Shuoming nodded, and his voice became a little hoarse.

Qu Shuang's investigation report on serfdom in Tibet was read by Yang Shuoming.

In February 1923, at the request of Yang Shuoming, the Chinese government sent six special investigation teams, including the Tibetan social history investigation team, to the Qinghai-Tibet region to conduct a comprehensive social and historical investigation. After nearly two years of investigation, the investigation has achieved great results, enabling Chinese mainland to have a better understanding of the snowy plateau. In the reports sent back by these investigation teams, without exception, they all focused on the serfdom system in Tibet.

“…… In Tibet, all the peasants are serfs who are in debt for life, and they are still burdened with exorbitant taxes and heavy forced labor, completely losing all their freedom, and getting poorer and poorer every year. In Tibet, all the peasants were serfs who were in debt for life, and it was difficult to find a single person among them who had paid off their debts. …… In this way, all peasants were naturally subject to usury. They had to borrow money, grain, and livestock from local magnates such as Zongben, the steward of a certain lord, and the governor of a nearby monastery, and they had to pay a very high interest rate, at least twice as much as they actually borrowed, and if they borrowed money, the interest was ten percent per month. Is it enough to repay the debts of the usurers? It's completely impossible. If you can't pay the debt, you have to ask the creditors to let them continue to borrow, or to renew the unpaid portion. As a result of the delay in repayment, the interest rate has already increased many times, and even if the grace is granted, the only grain and other food that has been preserved will almost never be enough for the whole family to feed until the next year's harvest. In desperation, they had no choice but to borrow again, under the pretext of grain, and to borrow seeds ....... And so on, year after year, never ends, and there is no way to get out of debt until the time of death. And these debts fell on his son, who had been squeezed by these ancestral debts from the very beginning of his farming career, and the origin of these debts was long in the distant past, and he did not know when it began. …… They spoke very bluntly, unabashedly about their misery and poverty, and of the excesses and heavy forced labor that weighed on them. Heavy forced labor, which often forced them to leave the fields during the busy farming season, was in fact no different from any other burden that weighed on Tibetans. Everywhere there is construction for the government, roads are being built, houses are being built, and so on, five or eight. All this heavy labor weighed down on the poor villagers, who had neither pay nor food. In addition to the government's forced assignments, the peasants had to carry luggage and goods for passing guests with errands without compensation, and had to provide them and their entourage with livestock, fodder, and food. …… Like all their kind, these peasants were poor serfs, who had no right and could not leave their homeland in search of another land and not too harsh chiefs. Several of them had fled to neighbouring areas, but were eventually snatched out of their new homes by the chieftain, brought back to the village, and fined hefty for a meal. Fearful of the punishment inflicted on his relatives by the chieftain, those who wanted to flee did not dare to flee anymore. For if one flees, all his relatives will suffer. The leader will accuse them of not stopping the escapee, and then the escapee's brothers, uncles, cousins, etc., will be beaten by the leader, and then pay the fine for him. For the above reasons, these poor people can only stay in their poor land forever. They have completely lost all human freedom, and they are getting poorer and poorer every year...... "...,

“…… Ordinary herder families in Tibet own their own livestock, which they can manage and dispose of as they wish. Danshi They can't just leave the land, or take their livestock to another territory, even if they are welcome there. …… This feudal fiefdom system was widespread in the agricultural areas of Tibet, and it ensured that the religious and aristocratic elites (as well as the politicians themselves) had a certain amount of labor to exploit the land under their control. Essentially, all the land belonged to the Tibetan government of Lhasa, and for hundreds of years, it was owned by aristocratic families, living Buddhas, and monasteries as a source of repair and livelihood. Since there was no labor force to cultivate or graze the land, whether it was agricultural land or pastoral pasture, it could not be a means of subsistence, so the Tibetan system made it easy for the lords to do so by allocating labor to these territories. In essence, the fiefdoms granted to the lords were very similar to the fiefdom systems of medieval Europe, Tsarist Russia, and feudal Japan. ”

“…… Cruel laws reflect cruel systems, and cruel systems produce cruel laws. In Tibet, the aristocracy held great power and great power, and the nobles and monks jointly occupied an important position in the government, and their wealth was not weaker than that of the monasteries. The aristocracy could exercise official power over tenant farmers...... Confiscation of livestock, fines, flogging, short imprisonment, and all other punishments were imposed at any time by the nobles. …… The most severe punishment in Tibet is the death penalty, and the lama restores the assumption that the soul cannot be reborn, so the heaviest death penalty is added to the tragic state of disintegration and dry skull. The most common criminal law, where there is a capital crime, the prisoner is sewn into a leather bag, and thrown into the river, in order to sink in order to die, the leather bag is above the river, about 5 minutes to begin to fall, after seeing that it is still alive, then it is thrown and sunk, and he is dead, so his body is taken out from the leather bag and dismembered, and his limbs and body are thrown into the river, and he goes with the current ....... The punishment of amputation is used for those who have proven evidence of offense and resistance, and it is also used for robbery in the wilderness by thieves. When the limbs are severed, they must be tightened to prevent the spillage of blood...... In addition to the severed limb, there is also a kind of cruel punishment of gouging out the eye, or using concave simmering iron, placing it in the eye, or boiling oil, or boiling water, and pouring it into the eye, which is enough to make the eyeball lose sight, and then the eyeball is snatched out with an iron hook...... Once a prisoner enters the prison, there are few survivors who can avoid death. Even if it can survive, it will also lose its original cause due to all kinds of destruction. Prisoners and suspects are often confined to damp, dark, filthy and unhygienic dungeons, never seeing the light of day. The Tibetan government only distributes a small amount of food rations to criminals every day to support their ....... In addition, the criminals in Tibet were sometimes punished with whipping and torture. and a kind of hinge to tie his hands and feet, and to determine the time limit, and to release him at the end of the period, so that he may be free again. Sometimes they were also punished with shackles and iron locks. The heaviest punishment is up to 1,000 lashes. Only the first and the higher officials can enforce the most severe criminal law. The two persons who are flogged shall have their hands apart and their faces touching the ground, and the two persons who shall be flogged shall each carry a leather whip or wicker, and shall be flogged with two ......."

“…… Tibet's criminal law is the most severe. In addition to fines and imprisonment, flogging is commonplace. During the trial, it was not only the convicted person who was whipped, but also the defendant and even the witnesses. For serious offenders, both shackles and handcuffs are used. The shackle is a heavy block of square wood worn around the neck. For murderers and habitual thieves, iron shackles were used. For very serious crimes, such as murder, robbery, habitual theft, or serious forgery, the hands are chopped off, noses cut, and even eyes gouged out. And eye-gouging is mostly used for heinous political crimes. Those who had committed murder in the past were put in leather bags, sewn up and thrown into the river. ”

"The magistrate who receives a criminal case is the head of a district, the Jongmoto, and the lord of the manor (when the case concerns only their tenants). Four other magistrates are responsible for handling cases in the city of Al-Quds and its suburbs. One of these district administrators was free to whip the defendant as much as he pleased, as long as he did not beat him to death. When the stolen property has not been recovered, the defendant is often whipped several times to make him tell where the stolen property is hidden. There is a limit to the amount of fines that can be imposed. Except for a small part of the government once a year, most of the rest belongs to him. ”…,

"Theft is punished most severely, as in Shijie, and the perpetrators of this crime are mostly poor among the inhabitants. Every day in Lhasa, you can see people who have been punished for coveting other people's possessions, having their fingers and noses cut off, and more often being blind people who are engaged in begging. Second, Tibet is also accustomed to having criminals put on small round wooden shackles around their necks and shackles on their feet for the rest of their lives, exiled to remote areas, and given to nobles or clan chiefs as slaves. The powerful monk power is in charge of everything, but the monks are also high and low, living a life in heaven and on earth. Even in monasteries, ordinary monks face punishment, even death, at any time......"

"There is no strong middle class in Tibet. It was the monks who controlled the feudal lords. Because the Tibetans believe in their form of Buddhism, the powerful monastic power is in charge. Even the Buddha himself could not do anything without monks. The place was feudal and feudal. The lamas were the emperors, and the peasants were their slaves. …… These poor and the little tenant farmers worked for their god masters without complaint, and they had a blind worship of these people. Although they wanted to give more than a tenth of their meagre income to the monastery, they were not dissatisfied. It must be remembered that at least one person from each household should be sent to become a lama. ”

"The monasteries in Tibet are made of solid bricks and stones, and each has numerous houses, halls, and monasteries. Although the markets are narrow and unclean, the temples are wide. …… The main purpose of Tibetans as lamas is to compete for fame and profit. As for seeking religious truth and engaging in saving people and helping the world, it is by no means desirable for all generations. Those who wish for nothing more than escape from the pain of real life and enjoy the pleasures of this life and the afterlife. In the minds of Tibetan monks, the idea of serving sentient beings is not worth considering...... As for the moral literacy of this generation of lamas, Yu also did not praise it. Most of the monks and nobles who never marry have other pleasures, and the lives of low-level military monks are especially unquestionable. The venue of the ordinary god-welcoming competition is a place where people flow across. …… The noble monks seem to be sincere, but they secretly commit fraud, deceit, and cover up the mask of mercy to do evil. …… The high-ranking monks lived in great comfort, each with a house or a nunnery, and there were seventy or eighty servants for hire. The life of the low-ranking monks was very bad, and the monks had to fend for themselves, and their schoolwork was too busy to provide for their daily needs. They do not have to pay for tea, but they have no accompaniment to drinking; He often does not eat for two days, and his misery is ......."

"As the supreme ruler of Tibet, the lama has something more powerful than eloquence or radio because he can reward and punish in this life and in the next. Does it matter to you whether you will be a human or a pig in your next life? A lama can guarantee that you will be reincarnated as a human being, as a great official, or better yet, as a great lama in a country where Buddhism flourishes. There is nothing more important to a Tibetan than reincarnation in the next life, because if he is unfortunate in this life and there is no one to remove this misfortune for him, he may even be sent to hell for more than a thousand years. In such an environment, the irresistible power of the lama can be imagined......"

Seeing that Yang Shuoming's face became calm again, Qu Shuang knew that he remembered those reports again, and couldn't help but smile aloud.

"Blame me, blame me, and let you think about those troublesome things again." Qu Shuang patted Yang Shuoming's shoulder and said, "Don't say it, don't say it, you have been working on the saddle horse for days, you should relax and seize the time to rest for a while." ”

"By the way, I have something to show you."

Qu Shuang said as he pulled Yang Shuoming and walked into his tent.

Qu Shuang opened one of her suitcases and began to rummage through it.

"Found it, look at it, Hanzhi, what is this?" Qu Shuang took out a bowl that was bright and moist and brought it to Yang Shuoming, "You Yang Han have always been well-informed, have you ever seen this thing?" ”

Yang Shuoming looked at the white bowl with an ivory luster, and doubts suddenly rose in his heart. He jerked his hand to take the bowl, and when his fingers touched the bowl, he seemed to remember something, and his face changed dramatically.

With his thoughts, the "supercomputer eye" immediately kicked in, and as a string of analysis data flashed, the anger in his eyes grew stronger.

"This is a bowl made of a few skulls," Yang Shuoming said in a deep voice, "Where did it come from?" Howling white? ”

"It was given to me by a Kalun official." Seeing that Yang Shuoming actually said the identity of this bowl at once, Qu Shuang couldn't help but admire, "He gave it to me as a precious gift, but he didn't know, as soon as I saw this thing, I couldn't help but be shocked." ”