Wang Anshi's radicalism led to many undesirable consequences, and Sima Guang's extremism left a mess.

Wang Anshi's reform was a vigorous reform in Chinese history aimed at the social reality of "poverty and weakness" in the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, with the purpose of enriching the country and strengthening the army. Based on the principle of "giving birth to the wealth of the world because of the power of the world, and taking the wealth of the world for the expenses of the world", Wang Anshi started from financial management, promulgated the "Farmland Water Conservancy Law", the Law of Equal Loss, the Law of Seedlings, the Law of Exemption from Military Service (also known as the Law of Conscription), the Law of Municipal Trade, and the Law of Equal Taxation of Fangtian, and implemented the Law of Protecting Armor and the Art of General War to strengthen the army. The results of the reform are obvious to all, but it ultimately ended in failure, Wang Anshi's defects and various shortcomings in the reform are the main reasons" Zhao Shouzhong hopes to analyze the details of the reform one by one to discuss the future Chenji Group to promote the reform of the superstructure.

In February of the first year of Xining (1068), the establishment of the "Establishment of the Three Divisions of the Regulations Division" was the first institution established by Wang Anshi to promote the reform of the law, the original Song Dynasty's finances were controlled by the three divisions, Wang Anshi set up the establishment of the three divisions of the Regulations Division as the superior body of the three divisions, the overall planning of finance, was the highest financial organ at that time, this organ in addition to studying the plan of the law change, planning financial reform, but also formulated the country's revenue and expenditure within a year, and set the income as the formula. This article is to engage in fiscal centralization, which is the source of money for the next series of new policies. It is similar to the reform of the tax-sharing system in later generations.

In March of the fifth year of Xining (1072), the city law was promulgated. The political axe contributed 1 million yuan, and set up the "City Yiwu" (City Yi Division) in Kaifeng, and purchased the unsalable goods of the traders when the price was parity, and then sold them when the market was out of stock. At the same time, loans are issued to vendors, with property as collateral, and more than five people guarantee each other, and pay two cents of interest every year. It is used to achieve "all haves and haves, the powerful and the lowly, and the price is level, so it is also a merger." "The Municipal Law has increased fiscal revenue.

This is the establishment of a national reserve system for strategic materials and daily necessities, although there is a suspicion of competing with the powerful for profit, but the absolute advantages outweigh the disadvantages. It not only cracked down on unscrupulous traders who were usurious and hoarded goods, but also had the miraculous effect of stabilizing prices, and at the same time increased the control of the political axe over the economy, and also earned huge profits and interest income. It is simply a copy of the masterpiece in one fell swoop, raising the ancient skills of competing with the people to a new level, and also bringing usury and hoarding to private individuals to the central government. Based on this, I suspect that Wang Anshi has traveled back from the afterlife.

In the third year of Xining (1070), Sinong Temple formulated the "Qi County Baojia Regulations". Rural households, every five groups of one guarantee, five guarantees for one big guarantee, ten guarantees for one guarantee. Anyone who has more than two dings of peasant households is selected to be a baoding, and the baoding cultivates in peacetime, receives military training in his spare time, and is conscripted into the army in wartime. The richest of the households is the chief of the household, the chief of the chief, and the chief of the capital. It was used to prevent peasant revolts and save military spending.

This is also a good strategy to kill birds with one stone, no one wants to go to war, so speed up the division of peasant households and families to avoid enlistment, and at the same time increase the household registration to increase tax revenue. Bringing the wealthy at the grassroots level into the ruling system has greatly reduced the cost of governance and improved efficiency.

In August of the fourth year of Xining (1071), Sinong Temple formulated the "Fangtian Equal Tax Treaty", which was divided into two parts: "Fangtian" and "Average Tax". "Fangtian" is a land measurement held by the county magistrate in September every year, and the "average tax" is based on the results of the measurement of "Fangtian", and the tax number is formulated. The Fangtian Tax Law cleared out the land concealed by the powerful landlords, increased the state revenue, and lightened the peasants' burdens, but at the same time seriously damaged the interests of the big bureaucrats and big landlords, and was strongly opposed by them.

The method of losing has been around for a long time, as early as the Western Han Dynasty when Sanghong sheep were tried, and after the Tang Dynasty, all counties were placed to lose officials, so as to achieve "the people are not as good as the people and use enough". However, Wang Anshi hid 5 million money inside, and 3 million stones for rice as the capital, and exercised the equalization method, and the Han Dynasty's Sang Hongyang and the Tang Dynasty's Liu Yan exercised the equalization method without allocating additional capital, so Wang Anshi's equalization method is also an innovation. In July of the second year of Xining, in order to supply the consumption of the royal family and hundreds of officials in the capital, and to avoid the accumulation of merchants, a shipping envoy was set up on the six roads of Huai, Zhejiang, Jiang and Hu, and in accordance with the principle of "migrating to the expensive and cheap, using the near and easy to far", and "from the convenient to the easy to save and buy, waiting for the order", responsible for supervising the transportation of "supply" materials in various places. It is intended to save labor costs, reduce duplication, and reduce the burden on the people. It is not a fixed collection of taxes in kind from various localities, but mainly in the areas where the price of the harvest is high, and the money is used to buy the supplies at a low price in the harvest area, that is, "if there are multiple areas at the same time, the harvest is cheap, go to the area that is closer and the transportation is convenient to buy, that is, "use the near and the far".

This kind of innovation is not complete, but it can be regarded as the basis for the transformation of part of the tax in kind into a monetary tax.

The green seedling method originated from the Shaanxi transfer of Li Shen, so the green seedling method is a product of local practice and promoted to the whole country. In September of the second year of Xining, the Seedlings Law was promulgated. It is stipulated that the money and grain accumulated in the Changping and Guanghui warehouses of various roads are the basis, and the stored grain is sold at a lower price than the market price when the grain price is high, and when the price is cheap, it is purchased at a higher price than the market price. The money accumulated by the peasants is divided into two installments every year, that is, in the first month and May when sowing is needed and summer and autumn are not ripe, and the peasants borrow money and goods from the political axe on a voluntary basis. After the harvest, with the summer and autumn taxes, the interest rate is raised by two-tenths or three-tenths to return the grain or cash.

The Qingmiao Law prevented the peasants from being exploited by the usury of the "annexation house" at a time when they were in a hurry, and enabled the peasants to "go to the time to get things done," but the phenomenon of compulsory borrowing in the specific implementation was the most controversial content of Wang Anshi's reform measures. It is due to improper employment, ineffective supervision and excessive pursuit of political performance and indicators. This approach conflicts with our goal of bankrupting homesteaders, so we need to reinvent them.

The conscription law is also known as the "exemption law", in December of the third year of Xining (1070), it was formulated by Sinong Temple, tried out in Kaifeng Prefecture, and was promulgated in October of the same year for national implementation. The Exemption Law abolished the original method of taking turns to serve as state and county officers according to households, and replaced it with the state and county governments hiring people to serve in the military at their own expense. The expenses required by employees shall be apportioned by households on a household-by-household basis. Originally, female households and temples who did not have to pay for the service also had to pay half of the service money, which was called "service money". It freed the peasants from hard labor, ensured their working hours, promoted the development of production, and increased the fiscal revenue.

This article belonged to the advanced technology of turning all labor into a monetary tax similar to the whip law of later generations, but the burden on the peasants still became heavier. In the past, it was possible to offset the labor by going to work, but now it is necessary to pay money, and the burden on the household registration of the rich labor force has become heavier, because labor is easier to obtain than money, and for the household registration without money and labor, it is even more important to be exploited by the merchants, because they have to pay the money and have to sell the grain.

It is stipulated that in the construction of water conservancy projects in various localities, the materials for labor shall be distributed by local residents according to the level of each household. As long as it cannot be built by relying on the people's strength, the insufficient part can be borrowed from the political axe, and the interest rate can be paid.

This is also an unfair law, although the distribution according to the household seems fair, but the water conservancy project does not necessarily give back to each household who pays according to the household. Perhaps the fields of the rich people who paid a lot of money were far away from the canal, and the fields of the lower households that paid less money were just on the edge of the canal. Or the rich and powerful upper households will build water canals to their own fields, and the lower households can hardly get water, which is robbing the poor and helping the rich.

The Law of Reduction of War regulates the army and the forbidden army, and stipulates that soldiers must be discharged after the age of 50. 2. Test soldiers, those who fail to pass the forbidden army will be changed to the box army, and those who are not qualified in the box army will be changed to civilian nationality.

The art of war is also called the "law of placing generals". Abolish the law of change established in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. By gradually popularizing the method, the garrisons of various roads will be divided into a number of units, and each single position will be assigned a deputy general to be specially responsible for training the troops, so as to improve the quality of the troops.

Horse Protection Law: During the reign of Shenzong, there were only more than 150,000 war horses in the Song Dynasty, and the political axe encouraged the people of the northwest frontier to raise official horses on their behalf. Whoever is willing to raise horses is provided with horses by the political axe, or the political axe is paid for by the people to buy them, one for each household, and two for the rich. If a horse dies of illness, he has to be responsible for compensation, but when he encounters a plague epidemic, many horses die, which only increases the disturbance of the people. It was soon abolished and the pastoral system was introduced.

In July of the sixth year of Xining (1073), the Armament Supervision Law was promulgated. The weapons of the Song Dynasty were originally manufactured by the three divisions of the central government and the general of the prefectures, and the quality was poor, which seriously affected the combat effectiveness. In order to improve the situation, in August there was an ordnance superintendent to supervise the manufacture of weapons; He also recruited craftsmen to improve his weapons.

I think this can be promoted with reference to the restructuring of state-owned military factories and the rise of the private arms industry in the United States.

Regarding the reform of the imperial examination and education system, Wang Anshi's main theoretical source is the "Book of Words of Emperor Shangrenzong" written by Wang Anshi when he was transferred from the Jiangnan East Road Prison to the judge of the Sansi Du Branch in the fifth year of Song Renzong's Jiayou, which mainly talked about the shortcomings of the imperial examination and education at that time, mainly the study of chapters and sentences, and the fact that the master did not cultivate talents, so he put forward the method of "raising, teaching, and letting it".

The Three Houses Law hopes to replace the imperial examination with the school's ordinary assessment and select real talents. "Three-rounding method", that is, the Tai credit is divided into three classes: outer house, inner house, and upper house, "the upper class is an official, the middle is exempt from the official examination, and the lower class is exempt from the solution", and later the local government school also implemented this method, reflecting the characteristics of class teaching. Wang Anshi believes that "if you want to be moral, you should build a school, and if you want to build a school, you must pay tribute to the law." Reform the tribute law, abolish the Ming scriptures, save the Jinshi, in March of the third year of Xining (1070), the Jinshi Palace tried to stop the poems, fu, and discuss the three topics and changed the current policy. In the fourth year of Xining (1071), in February, a new tribute system was issued, the Ming Jing was abolished, and a special subject was taken as a scholar. In addition, there is a "Ming Law Section" to inspect laws and regulations and adjudicate cases.

This is a clever way of forming cliques and teams that we cannot emulate until we have the support of the administrative system. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), Shenzong officially proposed that a new sutra should be promulgated. In the following year, Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi to raise the Jingyi Bureau, which was edited by Lu Huiqing and Wang Yan, and wrote books such as "Poems", "Books", and "Zhou Guan". When reinterpreting the scriptures, Wang Anshi determined the following principles: - The purpose of exegeting the scriptures is to dispel the 'false theories' and educate the scholars to make them conform to the practices of the 'Sheng Wang'; Second, it is necessary to restore the meaning of the scriptures, break the established law of ignoring and not breaking the commentary, and oppose the bad habit of losing the source of the source due to the cumbersome commentary of chapters and verses after the Han Dynasty; 3. Clarify the meaning of the scriptures and oppose the distortion of the scriptures and the cumbersome style of study. In the eighth year of Xining (1075), "Zhou Guan Xinyi", "Shijing Xinyi" and "Shujing Xinyi" were completed, collectively known as "Three Classics Xinyi", of which "Mao Shiyi" 20 volumes, "Shang Shuyi" 13 volumes, "Zhou Guan Xinyi" 16 volumes, and "Zhou Guan Xinyi" is the most important, which is the theoretical basis for the Xining reform of the ancient system. A month later, the Three Classics were awarded to the clans, universities, and prefectures as a compulsory textbook for students across the country and as the basis for the imperial examinations.

This belongs to the banner of occupying the position of public opinion and guiding ideology, and the media group we are promoting is the main business and direction in this regard. ”

"Zhao Shouzhong, aren't you very clear about our positioning? Why do you always put your ass in Wang Anshi's position? Although the Great Song Empire did not have a favorable impression of the wealthy merchants, our main position in the early days was still bureaucratic capitalists, not national capitalists. We were all given enough commercial rights, except that we did not hold official positions, and there was no difference in privilege from the ordinary scattered officials. As long as we get the Jinshi background in the six-year competition, we can use the great merits to squeeze into the court to further cultivate cronies and encroach on power and resources, why do we always want to strengthen the strength of the Song court? Wang Neng heard that his ears were calloused, and Zhao Shouzhong repeatedly emphasized that the innocence of Sima Guang of the old party and the bad luck of Wang Anshi made the traverser feel that Zhao Shouzhong was brainwashed by Su Shi and others who came into contact every day.