Chapter 40: The Battle of Qingdao (1)
"Commander Pu! Japan is signaling to us to surrender! The voice of the port lighthouse signalman came from the phone.
"Send a signal to Japan, two words are enough, get out!" Pu Guanshui yelled at the microphone.
"Yes!" Even though the signal is not very clear now, a smile can still be heard in the signalman's voice.
After hanging up the phone, Pu Guanshui picked up the special line of the fort, "Did the fort hear it?" Did the battery hear that? ”
"I'm the Fort, hear me!"
"Prepare to shoot according to the plan!" Puguan underwater commanded.
"Yes!" The battery commander replied excitedly.
Putting down the phone of the fort, Pu Guanshui asked the citizens about the evacuation again. Since preparations have been made many times in advance, the masses have been mentally prepared. The troops said that the evacuation of citizens was good. "We must do our best to ensure the safety of the masses." Pu Guanshui instructed.
This war will be the most sinister since the founding of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and Pu Guanshui still remembers Chen Ke's special talks with the main leaders of the Qingdao Military Sub-district.
"Comrades, do you know the power of a single shell from the 305 gun?" Chen Ke asked straight to the point. After the capture of the Qingdao fortress, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army captured the arsenal of the German Navy, in which 305 shells were seen live. After the captured German soldiers and Yan Fu's explanation, everyone knows how powerful such a shell can be. If the blasting shell of the 305 main gun falls to the ground, it can blow up a crater three meters deep and eight meters in diameter. A powerful shock wave within 20 meters of the surrounding area can be directly fatal.
"The only thing I can assure my comrades is that it is impossible for the Japanese Navy to fire 10,000 rounds of these shells at everyone. If 10,000 rounds are fired, Japan's own finances will not be able to withstand the collapse first. And even if the combined fleet was fully dispatched, the ammunition of the 305 main guns they carried would not be 10,000 rounds. Chen Ke didn't mean to joke at all, although it sounded like a joke. Let's do the math, in 1914 Japan produced less than 12,000 tons of steel. One 305 shell weighs 400 kilograms, and Japan uses 30,000 rounds of steel throughout the year. This is practically simply impossible. Japan was so desperate that it was impossible to use all the steel to make 305 shells. So Japan's inventory, calculated according to the data, is up to 10,000 rounds. ”
Pu Guanshui graduated from the German military academy, and he knew that Chen Ke was telling his comrades about the worst situation they were facing. The 305 artillery will pose a huge threat to the Qingdao Military Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, but after knowing where the threat is and the upper limit of the threat, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army can analyze the situation it faces. Pu Guanshui replied at that time: "Chairman Chen, we must fight in the firing range of the Japanese naval guns. My comrades and I have already determined this. What instructions does the CMC have for this? ”
Chen Ke smiled bitterly: "Instructions or something, those words come and go." Fighting against the enemy's naval guns, none of us had experience in this area. So I can tell the comrades the results of various data calculations, what will actually be encountered, we are all novices. But Qingdao can't be lost, there is nothing to discuss about this. It's one thing to retreat strategically, it's quite another to be driven away by the enemy. If we can be beaten away from Qingdao, Beiyang will definitely not let go of the retreating troops. This is not subject to discussion. ”
Recalling Chen Ke's words, Pu Guanshui shook his head slightly, expelling these thoughts that were useless from fighting from his mind. The maximum firing range of naval guns is 30 km. Although there is little need to worry about accuracy at a distance of 30 km, there is always a danger. It is clearly not advisable to direct a battle at a distance of 30 km. The Qingdao Military Sub-district simply set up its headquarters in the Qingdao Fortress Headquarters established by the Germans. The purpose of the construction of the Qingdao fortress was to carry out artillery battles, and the headquarters more than ten meters underground did not have a window where the enemy situation could be directly observed. If you want to observe the enemy, you either have to brave the artillery fire, or you have to wait until the enemy's shelling is temporarily interrupted. Pu Guanshui doesn't think it's necessary to take such a big risk to become a hero at the moment. All commands are done at the headquarters by telephone.
On the sea, the Japanese fleet did not continue to reply after receiving the signal of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to "get out". The Japanese fleet began to adjust its formations, and the fleet on the sea adjusted its position according to the offensive posture, and saw that the battle was about to begin.
The staff of the People's Party Internal Affairs Committee and the patrol team patrol the districts. Qingdao geology is mountainous, and there are many areas that can be landed, and there is no way to dig a good defense system with a shovel like in the plains. Qingdao's defense system is composed of buildings and roads, which form the backbone of the defense system. After the troops fully take over the urban area of Qingdao, they need to get a good grasp of controlling all areas.
Citizens on the street, carrying large bags and small bags, followed the neighborhood committees of various communities to evacuate. The patrol team carefully searched the streets and alleys of the evacuated neighborhoods, and according to the instructions in the battle plan, the troops did not move quickly, but did not leave a dead end in the search.
The common people are both uneasy and dissatisfied with the sudden change of scenery, and people can be found in every neighborhood who refuse to evacuate with a sense of luck. In the face of the troops' persuasion, the masses vigorously explained, "We will never run around, we will hide in our homes and not go out to add chaos to the troops." ”
The troops also felt very helpless, and they patiently persuaded, "We have all specifically said that the enemy does not care if there is anyone in the house when he fires artillery, and no matter how strong the house is, it will not be able to stop the shells." We're not trying to drive people away, but we really don't want people to get hurt. ”
"These comrades, we really don't go out. Can't we go out if we don't go out? "People still seem to feel that it may be more unsafe to leave their homes.
"We've already said that everyone will evacuate with their respective units. If you don't leave, the other comrades in the unit will be in a hurry. "No matter how unhappy the comrades of the troops were, they did their best to observe order and not forcibly drive the masses out as much as possible.
As he spoke, there was a sudden muffled sound in the sky, followed by a screech like fireworks. The faces of the comrades in the troops changed immediately. "Hidden!" While shouting, the comrades of the army pulled the crowd and hid in a safer corner.
After a few moments, the ground shook violently. Then a loud explosion was heard. At this time, the troops did not care whether the masses were voluntary or not, and some people dragged the masses towards the evacuation channel.
Other units sped up the search. A figure suddenly flashed in front of him, and it should be an ordinary person looking at his clothes. "The person in front, don't run around, retreat quickly." Comrades of the troops shouted.
When the guy heard the sound, he didn't stop, but ran away as best he could. The troops behind blew the whistle while giving hot pursuit. After running for a while, I heard someone shouting in front of me, "Stop!" ”
As soon as the patrol team behind was relieved, they suddenly heard angry shouts from the front, "This guy is a spy, come here." ”
When the comrades of the patrol heard this, their hearts were so excited that they took off their guns, took three steps and rushed over.
After the Japanese shelling began, the batteries of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army began to return fire one by one, depending on the range of each battery. Amid the rumbling of artillery, signal flares were occasionally fired in the Qingdao area. Japanese artillery fire immediately focused on the area of the flares. Pu Guanshui had long known that the Japanese had spies in Qingdao and had also bribed the Chinese people in Qingdao. Although the position of the fort was not too hidden, hearing that three of the batteries had been fired at by the enemy's guns and caused some casualties, Pu Guanshui felt a lot of murderous intent in his heart. But Pu Guanshui's duty was to direct the defense of Qingdao, not to lead the team to hunt down these pests. Forcibly putting his mind back, Pu Guanshui sat quietly in the command headquarters and waited for news.
"Hit a Japanese ship!" The good news came less than an hour after the artillery battle. "It was a frigate, which was hit and caught fire. …… Explosion, explosion! The Japanese frigate exploded and sank! After the operator shouted the news, he couldn't help but stand up.
"Well played!" Immediately there was a boiling in the Command Headquarters.
"Everyone can only be happy for one minute, and then continue to work immediately." The chief of staff shouted. Although the comrades were ordered to quickly return to work, the chief of staff also had a smile on his face. It can be said that this is the first time that the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army has sunk an enemy naval ship, and this is indeed a very fresh feeling. A moment later, several observation posts called, reporting the observation of the sinking of the enemy warship. Now we can finally confirm that the results of the battle are not false reports.
As the commander who commanded the Qingdao Campaign, Pu Guanshui was quite apprehensive in his heart. The artillery battle between the fort and the warship, Chen Ke's opinion is that it cannot be resisted. There are many reasons why it can't be resisted, the battery can't be moved, and the warship can constantly move its position. Even if the turrets of the Qingdao fortress were reinforced, if they were hit by the main guns of the enemy battleships, the batteries would still suffer great damage. Of course, Pu Guanshui didn't know the real reason why Chen Ke didn't dare to explain it clearly. In World War I and World War II, there was never a case of a coastal defense battery destroying a fleet. Even the Maginot Line has played no role in history. In a defensive battle, the only fortifications that can be effective in the face of heavy fire are Shangganling. But these histories are precisely the things that Chen Ke cannot take as "historical experience".
One of the lessons learned by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army in the last Qingdao Battle was that the fort defense could not be carried out without a forward position. At that time, Chen Ke mobilized the Germans to the maximum extent, and the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army relied on the numerical superiority to directly attack the Qingdao fortress. That's where it comes in. If the Germans in the fortress of Qingdao were strong, the number of casualties of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army would have surged.
Puguanshui, as the defending side of the Qingdao fortress, commanded a force of 40,000 men. One division placed only one regiment of troops on the position, and the remaining troops and another division were on standby in the rear of Qingdao as field troops. Forts can be reinforced at any time, or strikes at enemy flank forces. A simple artillery battle did not last long, and even if there was no problem with the supply of shells, the artillery would need to be cooled down every once in a while. This was the same for the naval forces of the Japanese as for the artillery of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.
Reports of losses were constantly being sent in from the artillery side, and the military region had already been mobilized before the war, and artillery was the most dangerous combat unit in this war, and the loss of the batteries was simply unavoidable. The artillery is the most high-tech unit, and although the loss report makes Pu Guanshui's heart ache, he still has a cold face and treats the losses with a data-like attitude.
The cannon roared outside, and if you carefully distinguish it, you can still hear the different cannon sounds. The most dull and the most vibrating is the main gun. This is the best weapon to suppress Japanese warships. If it is directly hit by the main gun, the battleship will not be able to withstand it. As for the small boat, it can be broken in two with one shot. Pu Guanshui looked at the map, waiting for the critical period when the cannon sound changed. No matter how powerful the artillery is, even if the artillery alone can blow Qingdao into ruins, it cannot allow the Japanese army to occupy Qingdao. The final battle will also be a bloody battle between the infantry.
Sure enough, the command felt an increasingly strong sense of the blast, and the news that the battery had been hit came in at a faster speed. The large-caliber naval guns of the Japanese fleet began to suppress the large-caliber artillery of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. The call soon followed, and the Japanese landing boats began to approach the defensive positions of the Qingdao fortress on the seashore.
"How's the situation on the frontline?" Pu Guanshui asked.
"Under the anticline position, we suffered heavy casualties. Fortunately, there were not a few people in the front-line positions, and now one-third of the positions have lost contact. The staff officer was quick to report the situation. With the huge power of the shells of the Japanese 305 guns, even if the implementation is light before and heavy at the back, and the communication line is dredged, the artillery hole can be prevented from being directly hit by a shell, and there will inevitably be casualties.
"Commander Pu, such a hard ......" The chief of staff also felt uncomfortable in his heart. Everyone had been trained in the destructive power of naval artillery before the war, and the actual feeling in the face of the bombardment of such a huge cannon was not at all imaginable before the war.
Pu Guanshui immediately replied: "It is impossible for the enemy to maintain such a strong artillery fire density. That is, one or two hundred shells on one ship. Small cannons are of no use to our fortifications. The large-caliber artillery of the entire Japanese fleet is counted as one or two thousand rounds. After the fight, Japan could only be beaten passively. We'll just carry it. You don't have to expect the Japanese to really do anything, they can't do this. ”
As if to confirm Pu Guanshui's opinion, the good news call came in again. "The Qingdao Mountain Fort hit a large Japanese ship that came forward, which was supposed to be a battleship. It seems to be the Asahi. ”
Since the first sinking of an enemy destroyer, the Japanese fleet did not dare to get too close. After nearly two hours of shelling, a few near-misses exploded near the Japanese ships cruising outside Qingdao, and two Japanese warships withdrew from the shelling. Ostensibly, the Japanese ships were not damaged. At that moment, the warship that was able to directly hit the enemy seemed to have dissipated a lot after being beaten for a long time.
"Did the Japanese ship sink?" The staff officer immediately asked loudly.
"No, there's no. The enemy's ship sailed away again! A rather frustrated voice came from the other end of the phone.
"Won't our batteries move the Japanese ships?" The staff officer hung up the phone and shouted in a tone of disbelief.
The chief of staff was silent, and Pu Guanshui took over and replied: "If this kind of cannon can sink a ship with one shot, then why spend so much money to build a warship?" Don't think about such good things. Prepare to meet the Japanese landing force. ”
Japanese artillery fire now no longer shoots at the shore, not even close to the batteries on the shore. In order to cover the landing force ashore, the fleet fired heavily at the main artillery positions of the Qingdao fortress.
Every shell that lands, especially a heavy artillery shell, triggers a feeling of shaking the ground. For the infantry on the ground, this feeling was especially strong. The most advanced troops were massed in several low fortifications that had been dug long ago. The blast wave of the shelling caused the gas lamps hanging in the defenses to shake constantly. From time to time, small stones were shaken down from the stone walls. A considerable number of soldiers, or at least officers, participated in the battle to conquer the fortress of Qingdao. At that time, the artillery of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was not even destructive firepower, but a simple suppressive firepower. Personally feeling the feeling of the mountain shaking, the comrades' faces were not good-looking.
With the order to set off, all the fighters ran out of the passage with their rifles. As soon as they exited the assembly area, the fighters in front stopped there. The fighters in the back didn't expect this, because they couldn't hold their feet, and directly knocked the fighters in front of them into a stumble. Then the fighters in the back were also stunned.
In just over three hours, Qingdao changed. The general terrain will naturally not change, and many originally intact buildings in the field of vision have become broken walls and ruins at this time, and several large craters have appeared on the ground not far away. The smell of gunsmoke filled the air. This feeling of familiarity and strangeness could not help but make the fighters a little unacceptable at once.
"Run forward, run forward!" The squad and platoon leaders shouted while pulling their comrades from their own units and began to continue to rush towards the front-line positions.
In order to cope with the enemy's superior firepower, the Qingdao defense system presents a layout of light in the front and heavy in the rear, and the enemy's firepower will definitely be concentrated on the front line.
The fighters, under the leadership of the commanders at the grassroots level, began to move on. But along the way, they couldn't help but look left and right. The changes around are beyond the imagination of the comrades. Everyone felt dazed, nervous, and afraid. On the way, there is no longer a need to directly say nonsense like "we have entered the war". Each warrior perfectly understood that he was running on the battlefield.