Chapter 7 Somalia, what will save you?
The Somali Republic is located on the Somali Peninsula, the easternmost part of the African continent, with an area of nearly 640,000 square kilometers and a population of 10.4 million (there is no way to count the estimated figures). It is bordered by the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Indian Ocean in the east, Kenya and Ethiopia in the west, and Djibouti in the northwest. With a coastline of 3,200 kilometers, the strategic position is very important, and it has always been a strategic point for great powers to compete for.
The country is divided into two major ethnic groups, Samal and Sabu. The Samal clan is made up of the four tribes of Dir, Isaq, Hawiye and Darod. Most of them are nomadic herders and are found all over Somalia.
The Sabu ethnic group, consisting of the Digil and Rahanweyn tribes, is a small group of people living in the fertile soil area of the two river basins between the Shabelle and Juba rivers in southern Somalia, and lives a combination of agriculture and pastoralism. In addition to the Samal and Sabu ethnic groups, there are a number of smaller ethnic groups in Somalia, mainly some Somaliized Bantu and Swahili. The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic, and English and Italian are also spoken. Islam is the state religion of Somalia and belongs to the Sufi sect.
Since the fall of the Siad regime in 1991, Somalia has been in a state of anarchy in which warlords have divided the country by warlords. The various factions in the country have been fighting and stopping, and through continuous differentiation and combination, a pattern of Mogadishu factions such as Somaliland, Puntland, Rahanwenland, and Aideed has gradually formed.
The international community has mediated 12 times to no avail. Although the leadership of the Transitional Federal Government has been welcomed by the Somali people, the Transitional Government has so far been unable to establish a presence in the capital, Mogadishu, owing to factional conflicts, and has been able to reside in Jowhar and Baidoa. There has been no substantial change in the dominance of local political and military factions.
There are currently three main shili in the country: the Transitional Government, the Warlord Alliance and the Sectarian Forces. Although most of Somalia is currently maintained by the Transitional Government established in October 2004, neither the warlord coalition nor the sectarian armed forces support the Government. The capital, Mogadishu, has become the focus of contention between several factions, and violence has occurred so often that the Transitional Government has had to move outside the capital. Inter-clan interests are intricately intertwined, and the East African country is still in the midst of a mix of political factions, and the weak Transitional Government of Somalia has no control over the warlord-ridden country.
According to the 2004 Quarterly Economic Review, Somalia has a population of 10.4 million, with a natural growth rate of 2.2 per cent, the vast majority of whom are Somalis. The country is divided into two major ethnic groups, Samarai and Sabu. The Samarai make up more than 80% of the country's population and are divided into four major tribes: Darod, Hawiyeh, Isaac and Dir. The Sabu clan is divided into two major tribes, the Digil and the Lahan. These six major tribes are divided into dozens of sub-tribes.
However, these tribes have little to do with Li Lan now, because the place where he is now located is in the northeastern corner of Somalia, that is, the place where Somali pirates are most numerous. To the north is the Gulf of Aden, a shijie spot. Just over 300 kilometres from him is one of the few major cities in Somalia - Bossaso.
The majority of Somalia's population is generally clustered around cities, while there are not many major cities in Somalia, and there are few small towns other than tribal settlements.
The place where Li Lan is located can be regarded as the very edge of the Bossaso settlement, and there is not even a side to be seen, except for those wealthy Somalis with camel herds, few people will come to such a place. This is also the reason why Li Lan has been here for a few days and has not been discovered. If the place where Li Lan is located is the Celestial Empire, not to mention the satellite attention in the sky, it is the normal movement of people, and it can be called magical if it is not discovered.
Through these days, Li Lan has also gained some basic understanding of this country.
The economy is dominated by animal husbandry, and it is one of the countries with the highest per capita livestock on Shijie. About 80 per cent of the population depends on animal husbandry and semi-farming. There are many sheep and cattle in livestock, and it is also the country with the most shijie camels. It is mainly nomadic or semi-nomadic. Arable land is mainly concentrated in the southern Juba and Shabelle river basins. Crops include bananas, sugar cane, cotton, sorghum, corn, etc. Specialties are frankincense, myrrh and gum arabic. It is one of the largest spice producers in Shijie.
The industry includes food, cigarettes, leather, textiles, sugar, building materials, canned fish and other enterprises. Beryl, gypsum, uranium ore are mined, and unmined deposits include iron, manganese, niobium, lead, zinc, tin, etc. Livestock and their products account for more than 80 per cent of the total value of exports, with bananas being the second largest export commodity, along with leather, frankincense, myrrh and fish.
Import machinery, vehicles, food, daily necessities, etc. There is the only railway in the territory, which was built with the aid of China in the 70s, and the land transportation is mainly by road.
Somalia is one of the least developed countries on Shijie. The economy is dominated by animal husbandry, and the industrial base is weak. At the beginning of the 70s, the economy was in serious difficulty due to the excessive nationalization policy, coupled with natural disasters and other factors. In the 80s, with the support of Shijie Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the economic policy was adjusted, emphasizing the priority development of agriculture, gradually implementing economic liberalization, easing trade restrictions, encouraging foreign and private investment, abolishing price controls on agricultural products, implementing measures such as the devaluation of the shilling (Somali currency), the auction of the dollar, and the tightening of fiscal spending, and the economy improved for a time.
After 1991, due to successive civil strife, industrial and agricultural production and infrastructure were severely damaged, and the economy collapsed completely. There are hardly any factories in Somalia today, and the former industries have closed down in times of turmoil. Even the only railroad is now abandoned, and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the whole society was in the feudal era if it were not for the proliferation of guns and a small number of cars.
Somalia is one of the countries with a very rich fishery, with an estimated annual catch of up to 250,000 tons, but only about 20,000 tons per year due to the limitations of backward fishing methods and small market sales. In the absence of a strong central government in Somalia, poaching by foreign fishing vessels in Somali territorial waters is rampant. Some Somali factions also sell fishing licences to foreign fishing companies.
And because of piracy, many Somali fishermen are not able to go to sea at all, not because of pirates, but because of the international liliang that fights piracy. As long as it is a Somali fishing boat, it will face all kinds of difficulties when it goes to sea, and many fishermen are presumptively painted with pirate symbols, and even the fishing boats will be destroyed if they are unlucky.
Therefore, despite the abundance of fisheries, for various reasons, the fisheries in their territorial waters and exclusive economic zones belong to other countries.
Somalia is the main pillar of its economy, accounting for about 40 per cent of GDP. It mainly breeds cattle, sheep and camels (it is the country with the largest number of camels in Shijie, estimated at about 6.7 million in 2012), and livestock products accounted for 85% of total exports in 2012.
The transportation industry is backward, and the territory is dominated by roads, and there is no intact railway.
Highways: The main highways are 15,215 kilometers long, of which 2,880 kilometers are asphalt roads, most of which are in disrepair except for some roads in Somaliland. Inland transport is mainly by car and camel.
Water transport: Maritime transport plays an important role, with major ports such as Mogadishu and Kismayo in the south and Berbera and Bossaso in the north. Due to the occasional fighting in the south, the two northern ports took on the main maritime tasks. However, due to the poor terminal facilities, the throughput is very limited.
Air transportation: There are 61 large and small airports, most of which are in poor condition and have unpaved runways. Mogadishu and Berbera have international airports that can take off and land large passenger aircraft. In 2001, the national airline, Air Somalia, was re-established, but neither Somaliland nor Puntland allowed its aircraft to take off and land in either country.
In March 2001, Ethiopian Airlines launched bi-weekly flights from Addis Ababa to Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland. In addition, United Nations aircraft carrying aid often take off and land in Somalia.
Communications: In 2012, there were 1,200 Internet subscribers in Somalia and 1.5 fixed and mobile phones per 1,000 people.
As a result of the ongoing civil war, the security situation in Somalia has deteriorated, prices have skyrocketed, there is a shortage of necessities, and the population is not living in a secure situation. The level of health care is the worst among African countries. In 2012, the capital, Mogadishu, had only one public hospital and 62 private clinics, with less than a third of the population having access to health care and more than 75 per cent without access to safe drinking water. The United Nations Development Programme estimates that in 20212, life expectancy in Somalia was 47 years, with a malnutrition rate of 25.8 per cent for children under 5 years of age and an infant mortality rate of about 25 per cent.
Rao Li Lan, who has a red police base in hand, also has a headache when he sees the Somali information that his assistant is justifying. This is not only backward, it is simply unbearable to look at.
Just as Li Lan was planning for the future in his mind, a door appeared on the iron fence outside the magnetic energy reactor next to him, and a hint that the magnetic energy reactor had been built was also heard in his mind.
The assistant's prompt interrupted Li Lan's worries about the future.
glanced at the general beside him, and unconsciously half an hour had passed, and the thigh bone that the general had licked with relish before had also disappeared, watching its tongue sweep twice around his mouth from time to time, and it was estimated that it was still in the aftertaste.
Perhaps seeing that the general was a little cute and enjoying it, the corners of Li Lan's mouth turned up slightly, and he said in his heart: "It's not terrible that the future seems to be sudden. ”