Under the same level of technology, land is a very inefficient means of production, so in the period of small-scale peasant economy, there is only one way to rely on land to meet higher material needs, and that is to merge and record. Concentrate the land that originally belonged to many people into the hands of a small number of people, and record the blood and sweat of the land laborers, so as to achieve the goal of gathering sand into a tower and accumulating a small amount into a lot.

However, this practice has many drawbacks, one is to record and seize the small people's land property, which will be hated by the poor people: the other is to evade taxes from the imperial court, which will become the target of the imperial power; Third, the larger the yield of the merged fields, the greater the impact of floods, droughts, and locust plagues, and once the harvest is not good, not only may there be no harvest, but they will also have to open warehouses to release grain to feed their own tenants. Therefore, most of the small and medium-sized landlords are not as rich as they imagined, especially the small and medium-sized landlords in the underdeveloped areas, they have to work in the fields, and their food and clothing are only a little better than their own tenants. This is not because they have the traditional virtues of hardship and simplicity, but because the efficiency of the small-scale peasant economy is too low, and if you produce your own labor, you can take care of one person's food, and the landlord's family really has no surplus ......grain, and compared with the small-scale peasant economy, the commodity economy is more efficient and has a stronger ability to create wealth. Moreover, the process of forming a commodity economy can break the natural economy and regional blockade, develop the social division of labor, establish a domestic market, and promote the development of socialized production and the progress of social productive forces...... Because the process of establishing the value of commodities will constantly prompt commodity producers to improve production technology and equipment, improve business management, and increase labor productivity.

Moreover, the process of realizing the value of commodities is based on the principle of equivalent exchange, constantly adjusting the interests of both sides of the exchange, mobilizing the enthusiasm of producers, and rationally distributing and utilizing the means of production to promote the development of production. Therefore, its core value is the consciousness of equality, the idea of "people", the spirit of freedom and the construction of the legal system provide fertile soil for breeding; Obviously, it is more representative of the direction of progress and development of human society than the closed, hierarchical, hierarchical and human rule nurtured by the small-scale peasant economy.

In the final analysis, the replacement of the small-scale peasant economy by the commodity economy is a universal law in the course of human historical development. Only by fully developing the commodity economy and making it the main form of social economy can we realize the socialization and modernization of production, and thus the civilization and modernization of society. Whether or not the commodity economy can replace the natural economy and become the main form of social economy has a bearing on whether or not a nation will not be left behind in the next 500 years. This is the overriding event in Silence's life.

So what are the reasons for the shackles of China's commodity economy? First of all, deflation, China is seriously lacking in precious metals, has not been able to establish a complete monetary system, seriously restricting the circulation of commodities: and the country has always been in a state of monetary contraction, so that the rich and powerful to hide gold and silver as a means of maintaining and increasing value, the currency needed in circulation will become more and more scarce, so the development of commodity economy in China, there are inherent deficiencies. However, in the past 20 years, this problem has been greatly improved with the large inflow of silver from the Americas and Japan, which is also the fundamental reason for the vigorous development of the commodity economy in the Ming Dynasty in the past 20 years.

The second is the traditional idea of valuing agriculture and suppressing business. Because the imperial power was based on the small-scale peasant economy, the freedom of movement of the commodity economy compared with the closed and conservative small-scale peasant economy, as well as the pursuit of political status by the merchant class, were regarded by the rulers as a cancer that destroyed the foundation of the rule. Moreover, in an era when food was a problem for most people, there was also a lack of conditions for the development of the commodity economy, and most of the merchants of that era adopted speculation and hoarding to make profits, which did have a negative impact on the lives of small peasants. Moreover, due to the limited vision, the rulers did not understand the multiplier effect of the commodity economy on social wealth, and one-sidedly believed that businessmen, who were not engaged in production and only engaged in speculation for profit, were "parasites of society......

Therefore, from the time of the Warring States period, agricultural production was emphasized to inhibit the development of industry and commerce. Qin Shi Huang treated merchants on an equal footing with criminals. The Han Dynasty ordered merchants not to wear silk clothes, not to ride horses, and to "pay heavy taxes and rents to embarrass them," the emperors of successive dynasties said; , the view of the four people's industry, in addition to the scholars, agriculture is the most expensive. All the businessmen and businessmen rely on agriculture for food, so agriculture is the foundation of the world, and the workers are the end. The culmination of these small-scale peasant ideas was none other than Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding ancestor of the dynasty, who took various measures to restrict the development of industry and commerce, and even tried in vain to erase the existence of the merchant class. Although it was just wishful thinking, the impact on social consciousness was still very heavy.

Even today, when industry and commerce are thriving, almost no matter how stubborn the landlords, can not refuse the huge profits brought by industry and commerce, but the idea of getting rich at the end and keeping the industry with the capital is deep-rooted, and these guys have earned huge wealth from industry and commerce, not thinking about adding equipment, building factories, and expanding reproduction, but turning back and buying land to contribute to the land annexation of the Ming Dynasty.

At this time, the more financial resources you have, the faster the merger will be. The most intuitive examples are the Yan family and the Xu family. Yan Ge has been in power for nearly 40 years, and he has a good son who has unprecedented corruption skills, such good conditions, the father and son have worked hard for decades, but they only earned 80,000 acres of family business, and there are 3 million taels of gold and silver jewelry. And Xu Ge Lao has always been neither greedy nor greedy, and the name of honesty is well known all over the world, but he has quietly gathered nearly one million acres of fertile land, and all of them are in the south of the Yangtze River. If it is converted into silver, it will be almost more than 100 million.

The example of the Xu family is not an isolated case, but represents the investment direction of a considerable number of powerful and powerful people, who have strictly inflated the price of land, so that the price of land in the southeast has been seriously detached from its value: because of the rising prices, like a black hole, it continues to absorb the newly created wealth, which not only seriously affects the development of the commodity economy, but also brings serious hidden dangers to social stability.

The reason why Shen Mo supported Hai Jui was because his retreat from the land in Songjiang would inevitably deal a serious blow to the impulse of the powerful and powerful to annex and cause them to withdraw from the land on a large scale. Hai Jui's goal is to make the small people have their own land and the state has their own taxes; The goal of silence has forced it to withdraw from the land and devote its resources and energies to industry and commerce, although the focus is different, but at least for a while, everyone is on the same path.

And this matter is looking at the Ming Dynasty, only Hai Gangfeng can do it well, because his reputation is too good, he is recognized as fair and selfless, and he is rigid without desire, and those rich people whose interests have been damaged cannot make a fatal attack on him, and can only slander him from his way of working, saying that he hates the rich and is rude...... And these are extremely lethal to an official, as long as someone is willing to stand up for him.

So Shen Mo stood behind Hai Rui very firmly, and after writing a long letter to Gao Gong, explaining his own considerations, he also wrote a letter to defend Hai Rui as an old chief, and greatly praised it, saying that he was the one who held the righteousness of the world, and the non-lonely loyalty of the world, although he was boiling soup in vain, he ignored it! "Could it be that the imperial court can't even tolerate such officials! Of course, Hai Jui also has his shortcomings, and it is still worth looking forward to when it comes to working methods in the future.

This is almost the first time that Shen Ge Lao has publicly expressed his attitude on the first half of the discussion, and those noisy officials were dumbfounded, "Even the southeast newspaper, which criticized Hai Rui as a sieve, slowed down its offensive at the first time and began to use a two-way method to comment on this governor on the cusp of the storm.

After clarifying the silent attitude, Gao Gong had no choice but to continue to support Hai Rui, and for a while, the wind reversed, and the dark clouds hanging over Hai Rui's head were "blown away."

Moreover, Shen Mo has a deep understanding of the shamelessness of the Southeast Hao Clan, knowing that if they can't kill Hai Gangfeng with an open gun, they will inevitably use hidden arrows to slander them. For this reason, he also ordered Yu Yin to return to Songjiang immediately and secretly help protect Haigang Peak, "Be sure to prevent this divine sword from falling into despicable conspiracies."

Hai Rui, who received the support of the cabinet, also completely let go of his hands and feet, and began a vigorous movement of clearing the fields and acres from the spring of the fourth year of Longqing......,... Of course, that's an afterthought.

Time is like a ridge, in a blink of an eye it is February of the fourth year of Longqing, the weather is warmer, "the grass is dyed green, the swallows fly north, and people also take off their thick winter clothes." Shen Mo no longer had the heart to pay attention to the situation in the DPRK, because after a winter of hibernation, the spring offensive of the Futao Army was launched.

In the months since last winter, the situation in the Hetao has undergone great changes, first of all, Noyan Dara led the Ordos headquarters to annex and announced his conversion to Lamaism; Then his three younger brothers, who had been captured, followed in his footsteps, led their men to submit to the Ming Dynasty, and allowed Lamaism to preach within the tribe. In the blink of an eye, four of the nine tribes were attached, and one had already been crippled, and the rest did not dare to cross the Yellow River again, and all hid in the Houtao Plain on the north bank for refuge.

On the one hand, Shen Mo ordered Noyan Darla and Bai Sang and others to keep in touch with their brother tribes to convey the meaning of the Ming Dynasty's recruitment: at the same time, they did not relax their military means, and in late February, which was suitable for cavalry operations, Li Chengliang, who had long been ready to go, led the elite troops to cross the Yellow River to find the enemy for a decisive battle.

Li Chengliang was very satisfied with the fact that he had become the main general of the attack, but Qi Jimei had to stay in the suit, and he vowed to establish his own achievements in a war and let everyone in the world know his name! For this attack, he carefully prepared for a winter, carried out harsh winter training for his subordinate athletes, and finally selected 5,000 athletes, each of whom was skilled in archery and horses, and the tiger and wolf with excellent armor and armor. What's more, they are all equipped with the three-eyed system of riding war artifacts. With these 5,000 iron horsemen, he even dared to break through the royal court of my answer!

This is also the first time that Li Chengliang has been in charge alone, and he has been able to command a strong army alone according to his own tactical thinking, and he can finally display his superhuman military talent to the fullest. But in the vast steppe, without any backup, the Mongol cavalry, which is several times its size, may be killed at any time, and how difficult it is to save themselves and destroy the enemy!

In fact, at the beginning, Li Chengliang did not have a clear goal, basically looking for the enemy to duel and running for a long distance. It is an encounter and a surprise battle, and the brave is brave, which is really dangerous. Maybe it's a godsend, the war wants to give birth to such a generation of famous generals, it will not let him annihilate in his debut, but send him a big victory after crossing the Yellow River, rampage along the way, let him in the hinterland of the back, bumped into the news of the Ming army's entry into the Kou, hastily transferred the Mongol army ......, in order to cover the retreat of tens of thousands of old and weak women and children, the Mongolian army had to face the battle, but was shot by Li Chengliang with a burst of blunt cavalry, disrupted the formation, and then fiercely waved the army in, killing three in and three out, The Mongol army, twice as large as himself, was swept to the ground and scattered.

This battle beheaded more than 1,000 ranks, greatly boosted the morale of the Ming army, and also completely extinguished the little fighting spirit that the Mongols had accumulated for a winter, and the Mongols were powerless to resist.

The Mongols gathered a heavy force and vowed to annihilate this cross-border cavalry. However, at this time, Li Chengliang was completely accustomed to grassland warfare, and was also well aware of the topography of the grassland in the back set...... in the subsequent battle......

The first part of this spring offensive appeared in the final stage. Li Chengliang led his subordinates to march straight into the field for three hundred miles in six days, and after avoiding the frontal defenses of Huangtaiji and Buyantaiji, he successively attacked five tribes hiding in Urat. Then he quietly killed a horse gun along the eastern foot of Yinshan Mountain, and directly challenged Huang Taiji's Chinese army camp.

Although after learning the news of the attack in the rear, the Mongols sent most of their men and horses back to help, but more than 15,000 horsemen remained behind to stop Li Chengliang's return.

This battle is a real battle of blood and fire between the two sides, a fight of life and death.

Li Chengliang led less than 5,000 cavalry, rushing back and forth for nearly 1,000 miles, and engaged the main forces of Huang Taiji and Buyan Taiji, which were waiting for work, which was a real frontal battle and a tough battle. In this battle, Li Chengliang's troops had no chance to take advantage of it, on the contrary, they fought more with less and with fatigue, and the battle was extremely cruel.

However, Li Chengliang withstood the ferocious arrogance of his opponent, took the lead, fought to the end, led the whole army to go forward and fight bravely, and even smashed the Mongolian Chinese army, killing two Taiji had to retreat in a panic. Seeing the commander retreating, the Mongolian army was in chaos, and the Ming army took advantage of the situation to cover up the killing and left, but the Mongolian army did not dare to pursue.

In this battle, the Ming army killed 3,000 enemies with 4,500 against 15,000, and lost less than 1,000 ......

In mid-March, Li Chengliang returned to the set with his tired and over-lost subordinates, and was greeted with the most grand "......, from crossing the river at the end of February to returning to the set in mid-March, in less than a month, the Ming army won seven battles and seven victories, beheaded nearly 6,000 people, destroyed 17 Mongol camps, and looted and burned countless materials............ To the disbelief of other Ming army generals, Li Chengliang's troops did not need heavy supplies from the rear, and they were completely dependent on the enemy's food, and they could eat wherever they fought. The Mongol camp was captured, and the captured grain was replenished on the spot, and everything that could not be eaten was destroyed, depleting their precious food reserves.

The most valuable thing is that after this battle, the Ming cavalry was no longer afraid to stay away from the rear, and fought a decisive battle with the Mongols on the steppe.

The blood and bravery of the Han nation, which has not been seen for many years, have reappeared on this spring grass gathering. ~！