The first formal government work meeting after the founding of the Chinese Empire was held in the Imperial Parliament building in Shenjing (newly built Luoyang).

The small meeting room is where everything is decided. Who summed up that 'the congress decides small things, and small meetings decide big things', this is really the traditional essence of Chinese politics.

"What? The Yellow River has burst? Shouldn't it? History records that there has been no decision in the past few years. Ah, this year is 1099, it is in the Inner Yellow River that the East Stream is broken, and the Yellow River completely restores its northward flow. Damn, how did I forget there was a breakout this year? Zhao Shouzhong was stunned when he heard Li Ji's briefing.

"What's the use of talking about hindsight now? You should hurry up to formulate a plan for disaster relief and drought relief, and make good arrangements for the eastward flow basin where the flow of water has been cut off. "I had known that the Yellow River would burst just after the founding of the People's Republic of China this year, and I would not have allocated special funds for river control so early. Lee Ki started to have a headache again.

After the river bursts, abandon the original riverbed and follow a new road called diversion, the Yellow River is very frequent due to the sand and siltation, the changes are impermanent, the diversion is very frequent, the Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia in the middle reaches, the Yellow River channel in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia has changed many times, but the major impact is the diversion of the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The Yellow River, known as the "River" in ancient times, is the cradle of the Chinese nation and the mother river that every descendant of Yan and Huang is proud of. It records the long history of the Chinese nation and gives birth to a vast national culture, which is so profound that it is difficult to express it simply. However, this "mother river" has been flooded many times in history with its changes. According to statistics, in the more than 2,500 years from the fifth year of King Zhou Ding of the Spring and Autumn Period (602 BC) to the establishment of New China in 1949, the Yellow River broke its mouth 1,593 times. There were 26 major diversions and 6 major diversions. Each diversion has caused a major disaster to society and has had a serious impact on the ecology of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. At the same time, it also has a great impact on the geographical environment of the Central Plains.

It is generally believed that the Book of Shang. The river channel recorded in "Yu Gong" is the earliest river channel of the Yellow River recorded in writing. The river is sandwiched between valleys above Mengjin and has hardly changed much. Below Mengjin, it joins Luoshui and other tributaries, changes to the northeast, passes through the northern part of present-day Henan Province, and then flows north into Hebei Province. It also joins Zhangshui and flows north into the ancient continent north of present-day Xingtai and Julu. Then divide into several branches. It flows northeast into the sea. People call this channel of the Yellow River "Yu River", and according to the literature, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have the following major diversions.

In the pre-Qin period, the lower reaches of the ancient Yellow River migrated and flowed in the upper reaches of the Jizhong Plain, forming multiple river channels. Therefore, it is called "Nine Rivers". During this period, the riverbed of the lower reaches of the river was relatively stable. According to Mr. Tan Qixiang's research, before the embankment was built, the lower reaches of the Yellow River were recorded in ancient documents. The Book of Mountains, Shangshu. Yu Gong", Han Shu. Three Geographical Chronicles (hereinafter referred to as the "Shanjing" River, the "Yugong" River, and the "Hejaz" River). All three rivers flow north into the sea. "The work of the embankment, near the Warring States. Defend against all rivers, each for its own benefit. "Because there are no embankments, it is inevitable that there will be overflow during the flood season. After the embankment was built in the middle of the Warring States period, the "Shanjing" river and the "Yugong" river were cut off. Take the Hejaz River, and the mouth of the river is near present-day Huanghua. This is the first major change in the mouth of the Yellow River in history. This situation continued until the end of the Western Han Dynasty.

In the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou (602 B.C.), the Yellow River underwent its first major diversion on record. The flood took the river from Suxukou (now the confluence of the Qi River and the Wei River), went east to Luochuan, went to Changshoujin (now the northeast of Huaxian County, Henan) and diverted from Luochuan, and merged with the Zhanghe River in the north, and entered the sea at Zhangwu (now the northeast of Cangxian County, Hebei). This new river is south of the Yu River.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the Yellow River overflowed 11 times, mainly in the middle and late periods. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanguang three years (132 years ago), the Yellow River broke in the gourd (now southwest of Puyang), the flood southeast poured into Juyeze, from the Surabaya into the Huai, this is the most famous overflow of the Western Han Dynasty, lasted more than 20 years, until the second year of Yuan Feng (109 years ago) to block the return to the old road. Subsequently, the Yellow River overflowed. Wang Mang founded the country for three years (11 years), the Yellow River broke above the Yuancheng of Wei County, did not block for a long time, flooded between Ji and Bian for 60 years, until the Eastern Han Dynasty King Jingzhi River, only to end this situation.

In the twelfth year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (69 years), hundreds of thousands of people were mobilized, and under the auspices of Wang Jing, comprehensive treatment was carried out by means of embankment repair, bank protection and dredging, so as to fix the river. History said that Wang Jing and his assistant Wang Wu "discussed the topography, chiseled the mountains, broke the stains, cut the ditches and streams, prevented the rush, dredged the accumulation, and set up a water gate for ten miles." so that there is no danger of omission". Through this river control, "the canal was built and the embankment was built, from the east of Xingyang to the mouth of Qiancheng Haikou for more than 1,000 miles", forming a new river channel. It is generally believed that this is the second major diversion of the Yellow River.

Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the successful diversion of the Wang Jingzhi River, especially because the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River once changed from agriculture to animal husbandry, and the destruction of the ecological environment in the Central Plains slowed down, the Yellow River has experienced a long-term stable flow for about 700 years.

Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the flooding of the Yellow River has become increasingly serious. In the early years of the Five Dynasties, the Yellow River broke into history. During the five dynasties and decades, the Yellow River not only broke frequently due to floods, but also because of wars, many warlords used water as their soldiers, and many times man-made breaches, resulting in floods in the Central Plains for many years.

According to incomplete statistics, in the more than 370 years of the Liao, Song and Jin dynasties alone, there were more than 210 recorded cases of flooding or diversion of the Yellow River. Song Taizu "Kaibao four years (971) November, the river broke the abyss, Pan several states"; "In May, Heda decided Puyang, and then decided Yangwu." In the autumn and July of the second year of Taizong's Taiping rejuvenation (977), "the river broke Wenxian in Mengzhou, Zhengzhou to Xingze, and Dunqiu in Lanzhou", so that the Central Plains and other places were a Zeguo. Since then, the damage caused by the overflow of the Yellow River has been even worse than before. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, the bursts of the Yellow River were frequent and large. During the Tiansheng years, the Yellow River broke again in Huazhou and Chu Si, the king of Lanzhou. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), "the river broke Henglongsi, Lanzhou", coupled with the later break, the Yellow River began to gradually rush out of a new river in Henglongsi, Shanzhou (now Puyangdong, Henan), and was ready to enter the sea in Wudi today, and later generations of history books called it "Henglong River".

In the eighth year of Qingli (1048), the Yellow River broke at Shanghu Si (in the east of present-day Puyang) in Lanzhou and was diverted to the north. The "North Stream" was formed, which entered the sea at Nigu (southeast of present-day Tianjin). In the fifth year of Jiayou (1060), the Yellow River broke at the sixth Si (now Nanlexi) of Wei County. It branches out to the east to form the "East Stream", also known as the Ergu River, which enters the sea in the north of Wudi. After that, there was a fierce debate within the Song ruling class over whether the Yellow River flowed north or east, for decades. In terms of natural conditions, the northward flow is more conforming to the river situation. From the point of view of the defense of the Khitan. The northward flow of the Yellow River, its flow into the Khitan Territory, and the silting up of Tangbo on the border of the Northern Song Dynasty brought unfavorable factors. That is, the so-called "the risk of losing China is the benefit of the Khitan". In the second year of Xining (1069), in order to realize the eastward flow of the whole river, the north flow was blocked. Let the water of the river return to the two rivers into the sea. The Yellow River flowed eastward alone into the sea for 11 years. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), it broke in Xiaowusi, Lanzhou (now southwest of Puyang), and flowed north to Tianjin and entered the sea in the west. Yuan Yu Bayuan (1093) again artificially Bang River eastward, but not a few years, and this year in the Neihuang break, the main stream still takes the old road of the north flow of Xiao Wu Si, the east flow is exhausted, but the north flow is good.

This situation is very embarrassing for the traversers. To say that the people who came from later generations are no strangers to the Yellow River control project, it can be said that no one person's method can surpass the means of crossing the Yellow River. But just after the founding of the country, he was slapped by the Yellow River breach. The self-proclaimed Chengtian was ordered by the new Chinese Empire, and the brain-like traverser was very unhappy.

After the diversion of the Yellow River, the number of river floods in the lower reaches of the river increased. And the scale is large, the duration is long, and the disaster caused is very heavy. The perennial river flood has caused serious damage to the ecological environment in the downstream areas.

After the Yellow River burst, the flood flooded wantonly, and the huge waves were monstrous, and a large area of grass, crops, and animals were submerged. Floods and the large amounts of sediment they carry have destroyed the natural landscape of the downstream areas, destroyed vegetation, and caused water systems to be disturbed and rivers and lakes silted. According to historical records, in June of the first year of Kaiyun in the Later Jin Dynasty (944), the Yellow River burst, and while flooding the vast area of present-day northern Henan and southwestern Shandong, floodwaters began to accumulate around Liangshan, expanding the original Juyeze into the famous Liangshanbo; Not only that, the breach of the Yellow River affected the rearrangement and combination of the political and military ecological layout at that time to a certain extent. According to the statistics of the Yellow River Chronicles of Shandong, after 1855, the Yellow River overflowed, encroaching on the Tuxiao River 45 times, the Mache River 7 times, and the Beiwu Lake 12 times. This not only weakened the storage capacity, but also left large areas of sand and depressions on the flat land; It has worsened the climate and environment, thus aggravating the flood and drought disasters in the downstream areas. Floods and droughts have further caused barren land and desertification, especially caused by the flooding of the Yellow River. After the collapse of the Yellow River, due to the sedimentation of sediment, a large amount of fertile land was seriously desertified, which caused great harm, which was equivalent to the damage caused by floods. In many areas, the land is crushed by sand, and when the water recedes, there is a breeze. The dust is flying, and the grains are not growing, there is no grass in the wild, and the soil quality is very poor.

In addition to land desertification, land alkalinization is also very serious. Due to rainfall or flood disasters, the groundwater level rises, and under the action of evaporation, the salt collects to the surface of the soil, and the water is retained, often appearing in saline-alkali land. After the Yellow River bursts, the banks of the Yellow River or other low-lying and flood-prone areas are due to poor drainage. Immersion for a long time. A large area of saline-alkali land has been formed. For example, the alkaline land of Caijiazhai in Potai is formed by the wetting and poor drainage of the river after the diversion of the Yellow River, and its alkaline soil layer is sometimes more than one foot deep. Saline-alkali land is extremely unfavorable to the growth of crops, and the land with shallow alkali layer is improved by ditching and ploughing. Crops such as beans and wheat can also be grown, and only reeds can be grown in areas with high alkaline, and even more serious areas have to be completely abandoned.

The devastating floods have decimated the population and severely hampered the socio-economic development of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The floods of the Yellow River not only claimed the lives of millions of people and destroyed the social productive forces, but also swallowed up the means of production and livelihood such as farmland and houses, making it impossible for the common people to resume reproduction. In the year when the Yellow River burst, the lower reaches of the river were cut off in both summer and autumn, so they had to rely on the interception of the canal to make a living. In the late Qing Dynasty, after the Yellow River burst, it was similar to "drowning the population very much", "residential villages. all flooded" and other records are not uncommon. It is estimated that in the three successive breaches from the 21st year of Guangxu (1895) to the 23rd year of Guangxu, no less than 200,000 people died in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The scene at that time was: the yellow water source is endless, the previous rise has not disappeared, the continuous rise is sudden, the village is washed away, and the country becomes Ze in an instant, as far as the eye can see, the vast and endless; The victims are on high ground, and shacks are built for temporary perching; Many prefectures and counties in Jinan and Wuding have been immersed in huge flooding, and countless people have died. Where the flood passed. A large amount of land is desertified and barren, and farmers have lost their production base; After the disaster, a large number of rural laborers were drastically lost, and agricultural production was rapidly degraded.

One has drowned many homes and dreams. It also nourishes many fertile fields and the river of hope, which is a river of life that carries heavy sediment and rough boatmen. This mother river, which has nurtured China's 5,000-year-old civilization, has gone through thousands of years of historical changes. In it, how much it has experienced, how much it has seen through, and how many spring and autumn deeds it has washed away in the huge waves. History has long been ruthlessly left on its riverbed ancient road with countless years of running-in marks. Freeze in the imprint of the road. The Yellow River seems to be pouring out its complicated past, its glorious and painful past.

"'The worries of the world are worried, and the joys of the world are happy.'" Fan Gong's eternal swan song continues to this day. History doesn't stop there. The Yellow River will not stop flowing. We should have the heart and emotion of our ancestors. It is not only for the governance of the Yellow River and the prosperity of the nation, but also to prove that we are both descendants of Yan and Huang and Chinese. The immortal Yellow River flows around us, and the immortal civilization stretches under our feet. We don't want our descendants to get lost in history and stand by the Yellow River and weep. Listen to the murky river and the sad sound. We are not bound by the 'baptism' of the Yellow River. It is because we are looking forward to the future of the Yellow River, and the heavy burden of history has long been unquestionably pressed on our immature shoulders. We cannot allow the Yellow River to once again show its unruly side of history, and bring untold disasters and pain to us and even to our next generation. The Yellow River is watching, history is gazing, we can't sit still, we can't wander, we can only walk with it. Wen Qing Gao Jing actually made a sour sigh after reading the information.

"It's time to start throwing money again! How much do you want to earn this time? The big housekeeper Liu Xin began to wink at Li Ji again.

"You've seen through it. This operation was mainly handled by Sun Chang's subordinates. The forestry companies in the northwest and the agricultural reclamation companies in the southeastern Zhulu are to enclose a large amount of land in the lower reaches of the Yellow River that has been affected by the disaster, and if possible, recruit displaced people and young people to plant various fast-growing forests and cash crops to improve the soil in the newly developed sandy and saline-alkali land.

Now there is no threat in the north. It turned out that the Great Song court's strategic attempt to count on the defense of swamps and ponds in the Hebei region to hinder the southward movement of the Liao cavalry became a joke. We must not only solve the problem of the direction of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, but also thoroughly control the entire Yellow River. Comprehensive management requires the 100-year project to be broken down into village and community-level settlements in each river basin, and the water quality of every river section and tributary must be controlled, from the upstream to the mouth of the sea.

It is best to use the sediment of the Yellow River to fill in the large number of swamps in Hebei and replace them with sandy soil for cotton cultivation. To completely stabilize the lower reaches of the Yellow River, we need to start from three aspects.

A large amount of manpower and material resources were used to build a solid and narrow river channel, to maintain a low sediment content through the treatment of the Loess Plateau, and to efficiently use the river water to irrigate the surrounding farmland to increase production and return to cost.

Not only do we need to take advantage of the dry season to dredge and drain the sand in the downstream rivers and use silt to fertilize the fields, but we also need to build strong embankments to flush the sand before the wet season comes.

With the Daimyo Mansion as the center, the whole of Hebei was managed into a holy land without low- and medium-yielding fields, which required a large amount of fertilizers and amendments.

The cement, stones, and steel bars used to build the embankment need to be provided by local construction mines and building materials factories, and we also need to allocate a batch of construction machinery to meet the construction deadline.

Initial results will be visible next year. Lee Ki patted his chest affirmatively and assured.

"In other words, Sunchang's pilot project for the comprehensive management of small watersheds in the northwest has already seen results, and the sediment content of the Yellow River is at least 6% less than ten years ago." Boss Yang looked at the data comparison and praised it.

"Lao Sun's land, oh no, it's our reserve and management of agricultural land that now has 10 million mu, right? With the addition of these new silt and improved land along the river, there is no problem with more than 15 million. These saline-alkali and sandy lands close to the Yellow River can fully wash away the salt in the soil as long as the Yellow River is flooded a few times, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertility in the Yellow River can be left in the land on both sides of the river like the Nile. "Chen Guan began to be calm after seeing the numbers first." How much does such a makeover cost? The governments of the past dynasties will go crazy! If we didn't have technical fingers and financing channels, I am afraid that we would burn money and vomit blood like these unlucky governments. ”

"Strive to return the cost within five years, and the investment income within 30 years will be about 12%, and these lands can also be industrialized after agriculture, and the building land in residential areas can also be changed after the era of deindustrialization. The improvement of land productivity depends on changing the attributes of land use, as long as the supporting facilities are in place, are you afraid that there will be no benefits? Liu Xin has fallen in love with the model of selling land to raise funds.

"The materials and machinery needed to improve the land are easy to manage, and the key is that the irrigation system that connects the villages is laborious, and it is not only a matter of money, but also the coordination of manpower. Those big landlords will not watch us enclose the land and make a fortune, if they regret it, they will always make trouble and hate it. Simply we buy out all the land along the river at one time, and it doesn't cost much more, and after we finish it, the land is sold as a whole, which is much more convenient; It is equivalent to the money coming back after a turn in the homes of those landlords, and we have a lot less things to do and a lot more profits. Sun Chang suggested.

"Flood irrigation can improve saline-alkali land, so why doesn't it improve land fertility when flooding?" Gao Jing asked.

"You know, the organized and planned use of irrigation systems to wash the land is not the same as flooding land for months, and if we want to make a huge investment return, we have to put a lot of effort into improving the economy of the investment area. When the time comes, we will be able to recoup most of the cost by auctioning off some of the improved fields near the river, and then use these lands to grow cotton, soybeans, wheat, and rice, and all the agricultural and sideline products produced will be used as raw materials for the establishment of local township industries, such as textiles, oil extraction, instant noodles, and winemaking. We will soon be able to settle the crisis of the new government on the ground. Qian Jin, an industrial expert, also gave the direction of development.

"It's also good to have a large area of reed land with high renovation costs! The paper industry can also develop! These highlands that are really not suitable for planting and the soil slopes and hilly platforms where irrigation is difficult can be planted with salinity-tolerant fast-growing forests, which are suitable for making disposable chopsticks or wood pulp! Zhao Shouzhong immediately thought of using all the dead ends.

"Then it was decided first, Sun Chang's work would be more burdensome, and Lao Qian's industrial technical school would have more blood, and all the students from their hometown in the Yellow Flood District would be sent to set up township industries. Let's talk about the government budget for 1941 and the priorities of the first five-year plan after the founding of the People's Republic of China," Lee Ki turned the conversation to other issues. (To be continued......)