78 Bureaucratic Reform (II)
Management is the most important function in the imperial court. The change of dynasties in all dynasties is almost always caused by its failure to do a good job.
In order to be able to reduce their burden, let themselves have more time to enjoy life, and be able to govern the country smoothly without delaying those national events. To this end, Liu Hong set up a special government affairs yuan in the central government, which is responsible for managing various national affairs.
The Government Council is under the full authority of the Prime Minister. Due to the excessive power of the prime minister, in order not to pose a threat to the emperor. Liu Hong stipulated that the prime minister should serve a five-year term, and he could only serve two consecutive terms at most.
The prime minister is the main manager of political affairs. His decrees are closely related to the people. If it is not done well, it is easy to arouse the resentment of the people.
For this reason, Liu Hong decided that the prime minister was not directly appointed by the emperor. Instead, the emperor and the parliament each submitted several candidates, and these candidates were required to submit their respective programs and plans, which were reviewed and selected by the parliament before being submitted to the emperor for appointment.
In this way, the emperor can not only take into account the following opinions, but also throw out the scapegoat of Zai Yuan when necessary to alleviate the conflict.
There are nine ministries under the Government Council, and the nine ministries are the specific administrative departments of the imperial court. The person in charge is called Shangshu, and the deputy is called Shilang.
Officials: Manage the files of officials, meritorious and nobles, and review and evaluate the merits of officials.
Civil Department: To manage the world's agriculture, craftsmen, projects, and various business and trade activities of the state, etc., and all matters related to people's livelihood.
Ministry of Rites: In charge of the world's rituals, sacrifices, tributes, and exchanges between vassals and foreign countries.
Household Department: collection of taxes and management of customs, banks.
Security Department: Responsible for the security of the country, the arrest of criminals and the management of mercenaries and darts bureaus, and responsible for liaison with the military.
Ministry of Human and Social Resources: manages the household registration files of the people of Dahan, charity management, relief in need, and the development of all state resources and environmental protection.
Ministry of Education: Manages the education of the people of the country.
Ministry of Communications: manages all transportation-related matters such as roads, rivers, stations, airports, post offices, vehicles, boats and airplanes, airships, etc.
Ministry of Health: Manage the health situation of the people, as well as the prevention and control of the epidemic.
In addition, three intelligence departments were established, the National Security Bureau (under the Ministry of Imperial Security), the Military Intelligence Bureau (under the direct command of the Military Aircraft Department of the Army), and the Secrecy Bureau (Liu Hong's exclusive intelligence team).
The local government also followed the example of the central government and established the Government Affairs Yuan. All departments are the same as the central government, but the level and scale are reduced.
The county commanders, taishou, and assassins are the highest governors at the county, government, and state levels, respectively, and the government affairs of their jurisdictions are mainly managed by the county, the government, and the prefecture. And they are equivalent to the emperors of their jurisdiction. However, they are different from the emperor in that they only have the right to supervise and review the local Metropolitan Procuratorate and Dali Temple, and have no direct management rights.
The government affairs at all levels, like the central government affairs yuan, have administrative bodies similar to those of the nine ministries. They are all two-way management, both under the orders of the local authorities and the orders of their superiors.
No matter how the institutions of the imperial court are changed, the important thing is the officials inside. The official grades of the Han Dynasty were too chaotic, and they were divided into different grades, which was quite unscientific. In order to make it easier to distinguish the ranks of officials, Liu Hong implemented a nine-grade system, which was divided into nine grades and eighteen grades, and each grade was divided into positive and subordinate. The official uniforms are all in a unified style, and the level is distinguished by the sample color, and every three grades are changed to a sample color, from low to high are green, red, and purple.
Officials need to govern the country, so their quality is quite important. For this reason, Liu Hong made a mandatory provision, and in the future, he could only become an official through the imperial examination.
Because Liu Hong is quite hateful of corrupt officials, he is also quite strict in the management of officials. Liu Hong has formed a system for these things to fundamentally prevent the corruption of officials.
There are many ways in this regard, such as publicizing the assets of officials at any time for others to inspect. Officials are prohibited from doing business, and some restrictions are placed on their immediate family members doing business. For example, if you can't do the same business as the things managed by officials, just like you can't sell medicine in a hospital, and you can't sell food in a restaurant. Moreover, the business they do must be public, large transactions need to be reported, and so on.
The official system is set up in this way, and almost all government affairs are introduced. It can be said that the government can run smoothly without an emperor.
This is the result that Liu Hong wants, he is really afraid that among his descendants, there will be a person who doesn't understand anything, and loves to be blind and faint. In that case, a change of dynasty will not be far off. Now that he has made such an adjustment, the emperor can take care of it if he wants to, and if he is not willing to take care of it, it will not hinder the handling of government affairs, and there will be no danger of changing the dynasty.
However, no matter how powerful the prime minister is, there are some things that he can't do, and they must be handed over to the emperor to decide. No one is an immortal and will never make a mistake, and of course Liu Hong can't do it either.
But the things that need to be decided by the emperor are absolutely important matters, and mistakes cannot be made. Therefore, Liu Hong set up a cabinet. Recruit talents from all walks of life, and those outstanding retired officials, to consult on various government affairs.
Liu Hong's cabinet is completely different from the cabinet of later generations, but it just borrowed such a name. It did not belong to the government organs, but only consulted the emperor and did not participate in the management of government affairs. Therefore, the imperial court was not responsible for the salaries of its members, and all its expenses were taken care of by the emperor.
This cabinet, Liu Hong positioned it as a consulting department. Having such a department for consultation can largely avoid some mistakes. This is especially useful for the emperors of later generations, as long as the emperors of later generations are not too stupid, and there is such a department to consult, at the very least, it can also ensure the stability of the empire.
Although the emperor doesn't have to worry too much about government affairs, there are a lot of other things. Like the affairs of the Imperial Court, the affairs of the Dali Temple, the affairs of the Congress, and most importantly, the military, all of which have to be asked by the emperor. In order to reduce the labor, Liu Hong set up a secretarial province, and threw all these major and minor matters into the secretary's province, and the secretary looked at it first.
The trivial things are the kind that need to be stamped to complete the matter, and they can be stamped directly by the secretariat. After the unified report, there is no need to trouble Liu Hong at any time.
If it is a big matter, if there is no urgency, the secretaries will write a few handling opinions, and then hand them over to Liu Hong for review, and choose one of them you like. If you don't have a favorite, you can't think of it yourself, so you need to find a way to find a cabinet solution.
If the matter is urgent, Liu Hong is not an insignificant person, and he will definitely deal with this kind of thing at any time.
In order to distinguish these things well, Liu Hong made regulations on the folds. For government affairs, all yellow folds are used. And for the army, all use green songs. The Metropolitan Procuratorate's are all folded in red. For urgent matters, you can add three black bars on the surface of the fold to distinguish them.
Liu Hong is very satisfied with the reform he has made this time. One of the most satisfying is that the secretary is saved.
In his previous life, Liu Hong envied the big bosses who had nothing to do with the secretary and had nothing to do with the secretary. Now, he finally has a chance to try. So at the first time, he selected some female secretaries who were literate and beautiful among the many palace maids. Although he can't be a secretary now, when he has nothing to do, he also has to be prepared for the future.
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