The reason why the Empress Dowager Ci'an gave such an evaluation is by no means without reason. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

She, the Empress Dowager Cixi, Prince Gong Wenxiang and other important officials of the imperial court all knew that the current situation in China's frontier was very grim, and from a strategic point of view, solving the Xinjiang issue was not only a top priority, but also had a certain opportunity and conditions. From a longer-term strategic point of view, the construction of the navy cannot wait for the future. The theory of the "Sai Defense" faction is clear and unambiguous, and the proposition of the "coastal defense faction" is also based on the real threat.

And whether it is a plug defense or a coastal defense, it will cost a lot of money! But the current Qing Dynasty, after experiencing the Taiping Rebellion, can't take out the money at the same time!

But Lin Yizhe's excerpt clearly pointed out a truth?—— a country establishes a navy, not only does it not allow foreign gunboats to break the tranquility of the maritime frontier, but the ships of the navy can pull the boss's corrupt **** country out of tradition and into the world! It can bring about the prosperity of the country and the fundamental change of society! This step of truth would never have been thought of by the ministers of the court!

Moreover, Lin Yizhe also examined in detail the history of the Chinese navigating the ocean and opening up sea routes, and pointed out that this is not a new thing, but ancient!

Historically, Chinese's understanding of the strategic position and value of the sea has been a process of deepening. This process has been deepened and expanded with the leap in social productivity and the improvement of the level of marine exploitation. From ancient times to the 15th century, the Chinese who came into contact with the sea were mainly residents living in coastal areas, and their activities using the sea were mainly to sail along the coast, collect shellfish and catch small fish, and use seawater to make salt. The Chinese regard the management of the sea as a natural extension of the life of farming, fishing and hunting on land, that is, "the convenience of boats and the benefit of fish and salt". Lin Yizhe's research on the Book of Changes has a record of "cutting wood for the boat, cutting wood for the boat, the benefit of the boat is not passable, and the far-reaching is for the benefit of the world". Historical Records? During the Warring States Period, Han Feizi once again emphasized the importance of marine development when summing up the experience of governing the country, and also put forward the famous thesis that "the country is rich through the mountains and seas".

Lin Yizhe also pointed out that China's development to the sea is no later than Europe's. Since the late Tang Dynasty, Chinese society began to deviate from the orbit of the original inland empire, and the development direction of "heading to the southeast and facing the sea" appeared. The eastern seaboard has produced a large number of port cities with thriving maritime trade activities. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, China was in an absolute leading position in shipbuilding technology and maritime orientation technology. The nautical compass was used on large seaships built in the country at least during the reign of Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di ignored the ban on the founding of the country and began a sea expedition almost at the same time as the Europeans. During the 20 years from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led the world's most powerful fleet composed of more than 20,000 people and 1 or 200 ships to the Western Ocean seven times.

However, Zheng He's seven voyages to the West were not only the pinnacle of ancient Chinese navigation, but also a landmark event of a serious setback in China's maritime development. In 1433, after approving Zheng He's last naval expedition, Zhu Zhanji issued a strict "sea ban" prohibiting coastal residents from engaging in foreign trade activities. The Ming Empire, which had about a thousand warships, gave up its sea power and bid farewell to the sea. Lin Yizhe pointed out that it was the sea ban of the Ming Dynasty that caused the loss of national tax sources, coupled with the prevalence of smuggling and the invasion of the Japanese invaders, the national strength of the Ming Dynasty quickly declined and finally perished!

Lin Yizhe further pointed out that even in ancient times, when people realized that the sea could be a place to use troops, the sea battle began. In the West, 2,500 years ago, the ancient Greek oceanographer Dievestok once said frankly: "Whoever controls the ocean controls everything". After the great maritime discoveries at the end of the 15th century, Portugal and Spain took the lead in becoming modern maritime powers, establishing a huge colonial system. In the 17th century, Britain successively defeated the Spanish "Invincible Armada" and the "sea coachman" Netherlands, established its maritime supremacy, and became the "empire on which the sun never sets". US Navy Colonel Mahan proposed in his "Theory of the History of Sea Power Determining History" that "whoever controls the sea controls the world" and that "the decisive factor in the rise and fall of all countries lies in the control of the sea." Japan's revitalization was driven by the fact that Emperor Meiji realized from the humiliation of U.S. Navy Commodore Berry knocking on the door of the country with only four warships that in order to inherit the great cause of his ancestors and ancestors, he must "spread the waves of thousands of miles and spread the power of the country in all directions."

"A strong enemy is in danger on land and sea" can be said to be a prominent feature of China's security environment in modern times. After the Opium War, some people of insight had a relatively clear understanding of the serious crisis in the maritime direction and successively put forward countermeasures. Lin Zexu can be called the first high-ranking official of the Qing Dynasty to open his eyes to the world and look at the world. The thinker Wei Yuan accepted Lin Zexu's commission to compile a hundred volumes of the great work "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom"; He put forward a series of proposals for building naval coastal defense, which set a precedent for China's modern coastal defense thinking and became an outstanding enlightener of coastal defense thought. Wei Yuan pointed out that the best strategy to resist the invasion of a strong enemy is to "strictly cultivate armaments," especially at sea, because the invading enemy mainly comes from the sea. However, due to the deep-rooted traditional concept of "valuing the land over the sea," it has always been difficult for the ruling stratum to find a solution that can take into account both "coastal defense" and "defense of the sea."

The strategy of "greatly rejuvenating the navy" and "navigating the ocean" proposed by Lin Yizhe in the performance is a practical and reliable solution!

Lin Yizhe cited historical examples, such as the Song and Song dynasties, because of the development of maritime commerce and trade, the country was rich and strong, and although it was surrounded by strong enemies, it was still able to survive for more than 300 years. In the Ming Dynasty, because of the ban on the sea, the country's financial resources were lost, but the demand for maritime trade has always existed, resulting in the prevalence of smuggling, the sea route was controlled by the pirates, and the pirates invaded China in order to covet wealth, resulting in the Ming Dynasty's misfortunes.

Lin Yizhe further pointed out that "all countries in the world today give priority to the development of commerce", the prosperity of maritime commercial trade can promote the country's economic development and increase the country's income, "the prosperity of commerce is the prosperity of the country", "commerce wins over military warfare", and "the establishment of the navy of various countries is first and foremost to protect business", the development of maritime commerce and trade can promote the development of domestic commerce, and economic development, the country's prosperity and strength, can naturally take into account "coastal defense" and "plug defense" at the same time!

Perhaps foreseeing that the stubborn conservative forces in China would use the word "business" to talk about things, Lin Yizhe also directly refuted the various arguments of the Qingliu scholars who discriminated against business in the memoir.

Lin Yizhe first pointed out the error of the "class theory" of "Shinong and industrial commerce" that the Qingliu scholars were accustomed to saying.

Lin Yizhe said that "Shinong Industry and Commerce" was first seen in "Pipe? Xiao Kuang": "The four people of Shinong, industry and commerce, the stone (pillar stone) of the country, the people." and Huainanzi? Qi Folk Training": "It is a person who is not an official, an official who does not do things, a farmer who is a businessman, a farmer who is different from another state, who is a farmer and a farmer, a man who speaks and acts, a man who works and a man who speaks skillfully, and a man who speaks a few words." In these two sources, there is no mention of the order of "Shinong Industry and Commerce", which is a second-order of ulterior motives of later generations. Xiao Kuang": "The four people of Shinong, industry and commerce, the stone (pillar stone) of the country, the people." This sentence clearly shows that the status of the four people of "Shinong, Industry and Commerce" is equal, and they are all the pillars of the country!

In order to say it vividly, Lin Yizhe made a vivid analogy, "The four people of Shinong, industry and commerce are like the four legs of tables and chairs, if the tables and chairs are metaphors for the country, then the four people are the legs of the country. ”

Lin Yizhe further pointed out that developing commerce and improving the status of businessmen is a necessary policy, and if the status of businessmen is improved and protected by the state, they will be able to make all-out efforts to make profits and increase their wealth for the country, and the increase in the country's wealth will enable them to have sufficient financial resources to develop armaments.

In order to increase the persuasiveness of his "table leg theory", Lin Yizhe also pointed out that his proposition was nothing new, and that Confucius had the same formulation back then.

Lin Yizhe first brought out the Confucian classic "Analects" and pointed out:

The Analects? Zi Lu said: Ran You said: "If you are a concubine, why add it?" ”

He said, "Rich." ”

He said: "If you are rich, why not?" ”

He said, "Teach it." ”

Zi said: "A good man has taught the people for seven years, and he can also be killed immediately." ”

Zi said: "To fight without teaching the people is to abandon it." ”

The meaning of the words of these saints could not be more obvious, that is, to enrich the people first, and then to educate. And Confucius also pointed out sharply that if the common people are not taught to know military affairs, it is equivalent to abandoning the common people. And the development of the navy is also not to abide by the ancient precept of the saint "teach the people to fight"?

And after watching Lin Yizhe's recital, the Empress Dowager Cixi knew that even if a well-educated Confucian like Wuren was alive, it was impossible to refute such a theory!

Lin Yizhe's "table leg theory" and the ancient precept of the sage's "teaching and civil warfare" are much heavier than the "Western Kingdom Holy Dao Examination"!

"Leave this to the Council of Privy Ministers and see how that class of scholars argues with him!" The Empress Dowager Cixi couldn't help but chuckle out loud when she thought of the "good show" that might be staged after this excerpt was sent to the cardinal meeting.

"Let's show the sixth master and Wen Xiang first!" The Empress Dowager Ci'an smiled and said, "Listen to the two of them first, and then make a difference." ”

"What my sister said is, just follow my sister." The Empress Dowager Cixi nodded in agreement, "Li Lianying? She called.

"The minions are here."

"Send this excerpt to the Military Aircraft Department and let everyone see it." The Empress Dowager Cixi took the red pen, wrote a few words on the fold, and then handed the fold to Li Lianying.

"Huh-" Li Lianying took the fold and hurriedly walked out of the main hall.