A.D. 1621, the first year of tomorrow's enlightenment. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Nurhachi, who has been invincible since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, took advantage of the opportunity of Xiong Tingbi's resignation and the inappropriate measures of the governor Yuan Yingtai in Liaodong of the Ming Dynasty, so he approached Shenyang in March of the same year, and then waved his troops to attack on the 13th. (North Korea, "Records of the Yen Dynasty.") Guanghaijun's diary said that this battle "captured 100,000 horses" should be exaggerated)

Just when the battle situation in Shenyang was dying, a group of thousands of Zhongzhou stone pillar Tusi soldiers sent by Qin Liangyu, a famous female general in the late Ming Dynasty, on the bank of the Hunhe River outside the city, were eager to try. [2]

"History of the Ming Dynasty" records that Qin Liangyu's troops have gone through the battlefield, are invincible, and "control the severe", and the department is known as the white pole soldiers, "known as the fear of far and near". When Qin Liangyu sent his brother Qin Bangping to take this strong force to Liao, this Sichuan army is strong and capable of fighting, equipped with the unique sharp sword and sharp bamboo spear of the ethnic minorities in eastern Sichuan, and the body is covered with a layer of thick cotton in addition to the iron armor, and the knife and arrow are invulnerable. The army is strong and high-spirited. [3]

In the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), when Shenyang was captured by the Later Jin, an army composed of Sichuan and Zhejiang soldiers to aid Liao, led by the chief soldiers Tong Zhonghua and Chen Ce, advanced to the Hunhe River, intending to flank the Houjin soldiers with the Ming soldiers in Shenyang.

Hearing that the city had been occupied, Chen Ce ordered the return of the division. The guerrilla Zhou Dunji and others repeatedly asked for battle, and the generals said excitedly: "My generation can't save Shen, what can I do in three years!"

So the Ming soldiers were divided into two battalions, Zhou Dunji and the deputy commander-in-chief Sichuan Shizhu Du Si Shu Qin Bangping crossed the river first and set up camp in the north of the bridge; Tong Zhonghua, Chen Ce, deputy general Qi Jin, and general Zhang Mingshi commanded 3,000 Zhejiang soldiers to set up camp in the south of the bridge.

Although the number of these Tusi soldiers is less than the number of the Eight Banners, they are not afraid of death, the organization is strict, and the use of strange weapons with long blades and iron rings is not used in ordinary times, so that the Eight Banners Army is extremely unaccustomed, and the elite Red Bajiala Army at the head was defeated after a vicious battle, and immediately retreated, and the Eight Banners Army was shocked!

The cavalry was defeated, and Nurhachi was anxious to "help the rear army" ("Qing Taizu Records" volume 7), and the Sichuan soldiers were not afraid of life and death. According to the records of the "Brief Records of the Whole Side" and the "Records of Hearing and Seeing in the Mountains", the Tusi soldiers continuously repelled the strong infantry and cavalry attacks of the Eight Banners, and the Eight Banners Force, which carried the remnants of the victory of capturing Shenyang, actually "died thousands of people from guns and crossbows" under the resistance of the Sichuan infantry, and the follow-up cavalry was also beaten to the point that "they fell off their horses one after another".

However, the Eight Banners Army, which had experienced a hundred battles and undergone severe training, was also quite tenacious, but the two sides fought fiercely for a long time, although the Tusi soldiers were very hungry, and although the Eight Banners were outnumbered, it was still difficult to distinguish the victory or defeat.

Even the historical materials of the Qing Dynasty later recorded: "The infantry of the Ming Dynasty are all elite soldiers, brave and good at fighting, and they will not retreat in battle, and one of our staff generals and two guerrillas were captured." (See Manchu Old Files, p. 117) "The Sichuan Barracks Are Very Strong" (Gu Yingtai, Ming Historical Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty[4]

"The generals bravely met the attack, defeated the white pacesetters (that is, the white flag), and defeated the yellow pacesetters (that is, the yellow flag), and killed two or three thousand people who fell off the horse" (see: Qing Dynasty Gu Yingtai's "Ming History Chronicles") After capturing Jin No. 1 general and two guerrillas.

The Sichuan barracks were very strong, and the Houjin attacked many times without success. The Eight Banners Brigade "died thousands of people from guns, crossbows, crossbows, and crossbows", and Nurhachi was anxious to "help the rear army". Li Yongfang found the captured Ming Dynasty gunners, personally untied them, and rewarded them with thousands of gold, which were used to attack the Sichuan army. After fierce fighting, the Sichuan army was finally hungry and tired, unable to support, and was all annihilated. Zhou Dunji, Qin Bangping, General Wu Wenjie, and garrison Lei Anmin all died in battle. Zhou Shilu escaped from the northwest, Deng Qilong and Yuan Jianlong seized the bridge and ran westward, led the remnants of the army into the Zhejiang camp, and continued to insist on fighting. The Zhejiang soldiers were deployed five miles away from the Hunhe River, lined up chariots and guns, dug trenches and set up camps, used straw as a fence, and covered the outside with mud. Later, the Jin soldiers eliminated the Jiangbei Sichuan soldiers and quickly crossed the river to surround the Zhejiang soldiers for several turns.

At the time of the bloody battle on the north bank, 3,000 Zhejiang soldiers led by Tong Zhonggui and Chen Ce on the south bank also set up chariots and cannons five miles away from the Hunhe River and camped in response.

Nurhachi deeply felt the strength of the Sichuan soldiers, and repeatedly warned the Eight Banners soldiers who had just won a crushing victory "Don't underestimate the enemy", and deliberately emphasized that "Zhongqi's generals are all Sichuan soldiers" to warn his subordinates. (Excerpted from "The Facts of the Three Dynasties and Liao")[5]

Later, the Jin soldiers were able to concentrate their forces to attack the Zhejiang barracks, and the generals of the Ming Dynasty, such as Chen Ce, Tong Zhonghua, Zhang Mingshi, and Qi Jin, responded to the battle calmly, actively arranged the formation, and swore that the Jin soldiers would fight to the death. The Ming army fired with firearms, killing and wounding each other. When the gunpowder ran out, the two armies began to engage in hand-to-hand combat. The battle was extremely fierce, the infantry of the Ming army did not have bows and bags, they held three-foot-long bamboo pole guns and waist knives, wearing armor and a thick layer of cotton, knives and arrows were invulnerable. At nightfall, he engaged the Houjin soldiers and was once undecided. However, Houjin reinforcements joined, the Ming army's Zhejiang battalion was defeated, and Chen Ce was killed in battle. Later, the Jin soldiers were all sent out, and Tong Zhonghua and Qi Jin, Zhang Mingshi, and Yuan Jianlong, Deng Qilong, etc., were killed in battle. Later Jin lost Yabahai, Buha, Sun Zaqin, Bayan, Yamburi, Siltai, Lange, Dunbudah, Mubu, Luwangge and other generals. [6]

The general soldiers Zhu Wanliang and Jiang Bi led more than 3,000 reinforcements to Baitapu and watched without fighting. Sent 1,000 troops as sentinels and encountered Yasong, the general of Houjin. Yasong fled from the wind, and the Ming soldiers gave chase, chasing them straight to the front of the Four Banners Barracks of the Left Wing of Houjin. When Nurhachi received the report, he was furious. In the case that the siege of the Zhejiang barracks by the Houjin soldiers was extremely critical, the Ming commanders Li Bingcheng, Zhu Wanliang, and Jiang Bishi entered the front battle, and were defeated successively when they were blocked.

Zhu Wanliang's Ming army retreated after a little fighting, and was pursued and killed by Huang Taiji all the way along the way, with more than 3,000 casualties. Zhu himself later died in the Battle of Liao.

At this time, the Eight Banners Army and the Sichuan and Zhejiang soldiers who had been fighting for a long time were still inseparable, and the commanders Chen Ce and Tong Zhonghui sent envoys to Yuan Yingtai to kowtow for help.

Yuan was already frightened, and refused to agree on the grounds that Jin Qiangqiang could not turn the tide of the battle even if he sent troops in the future. [2]

War results edited

The bloody battle between the two sides was getting late, and the reinforcements of the Eight Banners rushed to the battlefield again! Tong Zhonggui saw that the reinforcements had not arrived for a long time, so he and all the generals and soldiers of the army had a benevolent heart, and decided to return to the horse to kill the Houjin army, which was several times larger, and finally except for a very small number of officers and soldiers who were spared to return to Liaoyang, Chen Ce, Tong Zhonggui and the deputy general Qi Jin, the generals Yuan Jianlong, Deng Qilong, Zhang Mingshi, Zhang Dadou and other generals and colonies, a total of more than 120 people, all died without hesitation and tragically. [1]

Historical Evaluation Editor

The battle between the north and south of the Hunhe River caused the Houjin army, which took Shenyang lightly, to encounter a strong enemy unexpectedly, and fought many fierce battles in a row, losing many times.

Later, Wei Yuan, a Qing man, also lamented that he was: "It was a battle, and the Ming Dynasty had more than 10,000 people as my tens of thousands, although I was overturned, it was the first bloody battle since the Liaozuo used troops."

And the Ming people are very proud, and the "Ming Xi Zonglu" calls it "dignified and vigorous" and "salty and strong".

In particular, the heroic performance of the Tusi soldiers sent by Qin Liangyu in eastern Sichuan in the face of several times stronger enemies is extremely admirable. Zhang Heming, the later secretary of the Ministry of War, once commented on this battle: "The bloody battle of the Hunhe River, the first merit is thousands, and the real stone pillar and Youyang two Tusi gongs." Most of the other Ming troops were also brave and strong, and there were very few people who were despised.

Zheng Zhongxin, who was then the envoy of Manpu, reported to Li Chao that "the goodness of defending the city is as good as the Qinghe, and the strength of the field battle is as strong as the Black Mountain (i.e., the Hunhe)" "Li Dynasty Record." Gwanghae-kun's Diary" later praised that "the death and injury of the captives are also quite equal, and the captives are still terrified."

According to Hou Jin's own history books, the Eight Banners Department was indeed hit extremely hard and suffered heavy casualties.

In particular, the Red Armor Army, the White Flag Army, and even Nurhachi's most elite Yellow Flag Army were defeated in front of the strong Sichuan Army.

Many generals of the Eight Banners Army were even captured alive by the Ming army in a fierce battle. [7]

In order to stabilize the morale of the army and pray for the many dead in this battle, Nurhachi also held a special meeting to commemorate the dead on the 16th.

The generals who died in the Eight Banners are seen in historical materials: Yabahai, Buha, Sun Zaqin, Bayan, Yamubri, Shiertai, Lange, Dumubu, Dahambulu, Wangge, a total of nine people.