"It is perhaps a good thing that Germany does not follow the path devised by this Mr. Hitler." Yang Shuoming suddenly said, "For this world, maybe it's also a good thing." ”

Listening to Yang Shuoming's words, Zhou Guansheng, Shuijing, "Descending Dragon", Jiang Xueying and others all looked a little surprised.

"That is to say, Hanzhi does not want us in China to follow the road of fascism." Zhou Guansheng was the first to understand what Yang Shuoming meant, and said with a smile.

Jiang Xueying looked at Yang Shuoming and knew that he might have been influenced by the recent "debate on democracy and dictatorship" in China, so she said such a thing.

The reason for this situation is that the "Great Depression" not only brought a huge impact and impact on China's economy, but also set off a huge wave in China's ideological circles.

With regard to China's "economic pains," the debate over the suitability of China's current political system has once again begun, and finally focused on the debate over which is more suitable for China, "democracy" or "dictatorship."

Jiang Tinghuang, a professor at Tsinghua University, wrote an article saying that he absolutely believes that China's current situation can be solved by democracy. Chiang's opinion is that "the only transitional method for China to be strong and prosperous is personal autocracy." The reasons for this are: "First, the current situation in China is the dictatorship of dozens of people. The city is autocratic, and the province is autocratic. The people do not move from one authoritarian region to another within the country. As for the protection of rights, there is no such thing as a guarantee everywhere. What I am advocating is to take a big autocracy and abolish these small tyrannies. The big autocracy is bound to abolish the small autocracy in various localities, otherwise, the big autocracy cannot exist. Second, we think that the dictatorship of individuals is more likely to unify China than any other way. If a local warlord tries to divide a place by holding his arm, only a greater force can defeat them. ”

Ding Wenjiang also agreed with Chiang Tinghuang's view, and his argument for advocating the dictatorship was: "Our current problem is that not only is politics not in a way to detach itself from the revolution, but our country is facing unprecedented external troubles and unprecedented economic panic. How do we reform our politics to survive? Mr. Tao Menghe said, 'The dictatorship of Italy and Germany is a government in times of crisis. After the war in Europe, all countries were in a state of uncontrollable social, economic, financial, and industrial problems. When a government is forced to break into a blind collision and is almost tied to death, so a person who can best apply psychology, when karma will, he made a choice. We should note that all the countries that are now dictatorships in Europe, that is, those that have discovered the crisis of government, are all countries with the shortest experience of civil rule and the weakest tradition of popular governance'. This is the lesson of history. Our experience in civil governance is short, our tradition of civil governance is weak, and the current crisis is ten times larger than that of any other country in Europe. In such a situation, we should think about what kind of political comparison is easy to achieve, and which can hopefully enable us to tide over unprecedented difficulties. Mr. Tao said I was a 'realist', which is good. At this time, the intellectual class is not yet practical, are we willing to be the clear stream of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty? ”

Ding Wenjiang's remarks show the fundamental reason why a large number of intellectuals who believed in democracy and freedom in the thirties of the 19th century chose to support and even hope for the emergence of a powerful dictatorship under the influence of fascism that arose in Europe. Jiang Tinghuang and Ding Wenjiang do not deny that dictatorship is a poison, and democracy is the medicine; However, democratic politics is a cumbersome procedural politics, which can no longer meet the imminent salvation and survival, and Ding can only hope that the poison of dictatorship can "make the poisonous snakes and beasts that want to devour us unable to come close for a while." As for the side effects in the future, we have to leave them for later.

Tsinghua University professor Qian Duansheng's article is entitled "Democratic Politics? What about totalitarian states? 》。 The specific content of the article is explained by Qian at the beginning: "In this article, I will first discuss the decline of democratic politics, and then the content of various relatively successful dictatorships in modern times. From the comparison of the two, I will explore the system that may be popular in the near future, and thus deduce the system that China should adopt. ”

Qian Duansheng believes that the decay of democratic politics is inevitable. In modern times, countries around the world have increasingly pursued nationalism in the economy, so that "no country dares to adopt a laissez-faire attitude", and "democratic politics is not suitable for controlling the economy, so the decline of democratic politics will be an inevitable trend." In other words, Qian Duansheng believed that the planned economy was the general trend, and democratic politics could not meet the needs of the planned economy, so its decline was inevitable. On the contrary, both the Soviet system and the fascist system "are better suited to the control of the economy than democracy". As for what kind of political system the world will adopt in the future, Qian said: "There are only three things I dare to say. First, democratic politics must be abandoned. …… Second, democracy will probably be followed by a dictatorship. Thirdly, until national sentiment is weakened, the power of the state must be all-encompassing - that is, the totalitarian state. Between one-party dictatorship and one-man dictatorship, Qian preferred to choose the former for the reason: "Because the dictatorship of one party does not have the difficulty of succession, and the dictatorship of one person is prone to major changes in the death of the dictator." Or we can say that under a dictatorship within the party, even if the problem of succession arises, it is not as serious as it is under a one-man dictatorship. Qian also said, "There is no need to be blindly afraid of dictatorship," dictatorship is not necessarily inferior to democracy, although dictatorship will severely deprive some people of their freedom, "as Soviet Russia is to the capitalists, and Germany is to the Jews, but it is an undeniable fact that they can benefit the majority of the people" -- in other words, Qian Duansheng endorsed the dictatorial model of exchanging freedom for welfare. Qian made it very clear what kind of political system China should adopt in the future, calling for dictatorship and hoping that the Chinese people would stop advocating any more democratic politics: "Whether the Progressive Party has the possibility of dictatorship over China, and if not, who or which party will be China's dictator, these are matters beyond the scope of this article, so there is no need to speculate." I will repeat this: China needs extremely agile progress in production, and this can best be achieved by a strong dictatorship aimed at the welfare of the whole nation. In order for this dictatorship to be realized as soon as possible, let us no longer expend our energies on the promotion of a democracy that is never easy to come by and has no strength to obtain; We must also prevent the occurrence of a dictatorship in which the remnants of the people get away with it. ”…,

After the articles of Jiang Tinghuang and Qian Duansheng and other "dictatorial and national salvation" activists were released, Hu Shi, the chief general of the "democratic national salvation theory", wrote several articles in response. The main thrust is basically the same, that is, in the current China, there is neither the possibility of autocracy (the quality of the people is too low), nor the need for autocracy (the formation of the nation-state does not necessarily require autocracy). In addition to Hu Shih, there are many people who agree with the "theory of democratic salvation." Chang Yansheng immediately declared that "there is no future for autocratic rule by force, and we should take the road of democratic rule by virtue." ”

Unlike Jiang Tinghuang and Qian Duansheng, Chang Yansheng was more concerned with the five principles of "political forces with both force and moral appeal", that is, "central forces". Chang Shi believes: "To be honest, the reason why China's national foundation is unstable today is entirely because there is no central force with a historical background like Prussia and Sardinia that can be relied on, and reformism cannot be realized. If China wants to talk about nation-building and rule, it must first start with the creation of central forces. The creation of a central force cannot be done entirely by force, but requires moral strength. A central force should make the people look up to it like a loving mother and worship it like a strict teacher, or at least make everyone feel that they are good at it; if this level fails to do so, it is difficult to hope to establish a center at all, and the policy of ruling by force is exactly the opposite of this hope, and it is absolutely impossible to achieve success. ”

Chang Yan clearly supported Hu Shih: "I fundamentally agree with Mr. Hu Shizhi's opinion of 'inaction politics', China today has exhausted the people's wealth, and the only thing the people need is rest, not only any kind of civil war and foreign war is completely contrary to the people's hopes, that is, the so-called production and construction are also beyond the current people's power." ”

"Central Strength Faction...... In the beginning, he should have made an appointment with the local powerful faction to formulate several great laws to protect civil rights, which was the covenant of the Aoigaoka no Kai. After the alliance is agreed, the central powerful faction should first implement it in its own territory, first become an organ that establishes the will of the people, and first set an example of 'respecting the people'. Then declare to the 'world', dare to trample on public opinion, curb civil rights, and fight it together with the world. If the powerful factions at the center can really do this, I believe that the people in various localities will not be completely bloodless, and they must unite to rely on the prestige of the central authorities, rely on the guarantee of the law, and settle accounts with the powerful factions in the localities. In the midst of the conflict between the rights of the local powerful factions and the people, the central government can take the opportunity to speak up, gradually reduce the power of the local separatist forces, and cultivate the foundation of civil rights. The result of force and autocracy is that the people dare not speak out in anger, and the local powerful factions have to hold the will of the people hostage to resist the so-called central authorities, and the state will never be able to do so. ”

For Yang Shuoming, the emergence of such a "debate between democracy and dictatorship" is somewhat unexpected, but it is also reasonable.

As a democracy, it is normal for different voices and different views to emerge.

Dictatorship, influenced by the rise of fascism in the West, diminished with Hitler's death. Yang Shuoming, who is familiar with history, knows better than anyone else the huge impact of Hitler's death on the world, so he said such things.

"Strassel has a sense of social welfare, but if he is in power, Germany will not necessarily be 'red'." "He and Stalin are not all the same, and there may be a certain degree of cooperation, but it is impossible to come together." ”

"But Germany and the Soviet Union are now cooperating more and more closely in economic and military terms." Jiang Xueying said, "I heard that the Soviets have built a tank force, which has surpassed our country's scale. ”

"We need to pay special attention to this." Yang Shuoming understood that Jiang Xueying was reminding himself that he needed to pay attention to the movements of the Soviet Union, and nodded, "It will be this steel torrent that will dominate the land battlefield in the future." ”

After the meeting, Yang Shuoming returned to his office, he remembered what Jiang Xueying had just said, made a phone call, and after a while, an intelligence officer sent information about the current situation of the Soviet tank troops, with some photos.

After taking the documents, Yang Shuoming opened them and put them on the table, he did not rush to read the content of the text, but focused his attention on the photos.

Yang Shuoming picked up a photo and looked at it, which showed a light tank with a round turret. …,

Yang Shuoming, who was familiar with various historical weapons and equipment, recognized the model of this tank without reading the explanation.

This is a fast light tank with the Soviet code name "Бт-2".

At the beginning of the end of World War I, Soviet Russia established a group of tank detachments from tanks captured in the Civil War, which were later combined into tank brigades. In 1929, the Military Council of the USSR adopted a resolution stating that since "armored weapons are a new type of weapon, we have not studied them sufficiently, either in terms of tactical use (alone or in conjunction with infantry and cavalry) or in the most advantageous form of organization, it is necessary to form a standing experimental mechanized unit from 1929 to 1930." "At the same time, the Soviet Union set out to develop medium tanks, which were mainly used to accompany infantry operations. Later, under the influence of the German theory of the use of armored forces, the Soviet army gradually moved away from the idea that tank troops should only accompany infantry in combat.

Due to historical traditions, the Soviet Union has always attached importance to the role of light cavalry, so tanks were required to have high speed. In 1925, the USSR purchased two "Christie" high-mobility tanks from the United States, and in 1926 extensive tests were carried out in Voronezh, and in the same year a simplified tank based on the "Christie" tank was designed, called the "Бт-1" fast tank. At the end of 1926, the "Бт-2" rapid tank was designed, and after testing, in January 1927 the tank was approved for mass production. Although the "Бт-2" fast tank was a noticeable advance in the development of Soviet tanks, the performance of the tank still did not meet the requirements of the Soviet military, so later two models "Бт-3" and "Бт-4" were developed, mainly in the armament section. At the end of 1927, the Soviet army proposed to develop another "бт" fast tank, which required not only high firepower, but also improved mobility by adopting a new engine developed by the country, which was the "БТ-5" fast tank, equipped with a 45-mm gun and a 7?62-mm parallel machine gun. In 1928, the Soviet army proposed to redesign the "бт" tank, requiring the hull armor to be replaced with welded armor, and the angle of inclination of the armor plates was increased to enhance the protective force. In October 1928, the "Бт-7" fast tank was designed, which adopted a newly designed turret, installed a 45-mm gun and two 7-62 mm machine guns, and also replaced the engine, which significantly improved mobility and armor protection.

The Бт fast tank has undergone several refinements and already has the characteristics of a modern tank. In order to meet the needs of different combat missions, the Soviets developed a variety of variants on the basis of this vehicle, including the "Бт-3" tank bridge building vehicle, the "Бт-5A" fire support vehicle, the "Бт-5-OT" Spitfire tank, the "Бт-5Y" command vehicle, the "Бт-7A" fire support vehicle and the "Бт-7Y" command vehicle. The experience gained from the design of the "БТ-7" was successfully applied to the newer "T-34" medium tank, since the shadow of the "БТ-7" was clearly visible from the "T-34" tank. The high speed of the Бт-7 tank was achieved by the peculiar "wheel and track" method, which used tires for road driving and tracks for off-road driving, but this complex wheel and track structure caused a considerable degree of inconvenience.

The "Бт-2" tank was deeply loved by the Soviet Red Army as soon as it was born and equipped with troops (the "second favorite" was the "Vickers" tank imported from the United Kingdom, which the Soviet Union called "T-26"), in fact, this tank has many shortcomings, mainly the poor performance of the engine from the United States, which will overheat after a short drive; The lack of space in the cockpit hindered the crew's progress, for example, on November 7, 1932, two of the 10 "Бт-2" tanks were temporarily broken down on Red Square in Moscow, which shows the unstable performance of the "Бт-2".

The "БТ" fast tank was mainly used by the independent armored and mechanized units of the Soviet army for long-range operations, but because of its weak armor protection, it was obviously inferior to the Chinese tanks in the skirmish conflicts on the border, so the Soviet army used this type of tank mainly to attack the enemy's rear in order to seize important targets such as headquarters, supply bases, airfields, etc. The Soviets understood the shortcomings of the "Бт" fast tank, so they vigorously developed the "T" series of tanks, including the "T-12" (the development of this tank was delayed until 1929, and the imitation of the T-16 was successfully copied in 1925), "T-16", "T-18", "T-19", "T-24", "T-26", "T-27", "T-34", etc.

The "T-26" tank, like the "Бт-7", was the main equipment of the tank units of the early Soviet army. Its prototype was the British "Vickers" type tank. The T26 tank was officially finalized in 1931, and in 1932 it began to be officially equipped with troops.

The "T-26" light tank weighs 10.5 tons, has a length of 4.88 meters, a width of 3.41 meters, a height of 2.41 meters, a crew of 3 people, a maximum speed of 30 kilometers per hour, a maximum range of 225 kilometers, and is armed with a 45-mm 46-diameter gun equipped with 165 shells, 3 7.62-mm machine guns, 3654 machine gun rounds, and armor thickness from 10 to 25 mm.

*J@a