July 1, 1943. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoChongqing.

Negotiations between China and the Soviet Union in Chongqing continued. In September last year, the USSR had huge territorial concessions, concessions in principle had already been agreed upon, the territories were returned, and new borders were established.

But to implement this agreement, there are still a series of details to negotiate, such as the disposal of assets, the disposal of railways, the right to use ports, arrangements for Soviet residents, and so on. Later, as the situation in the USSR eased, the USSR put forward more and more conditions. When the situation in the Soviet Union was bad again, they began to regress.

Negotiations are not easy. The situation in the USSR was good, and negotiations were difficult. When the situation is bad, the negotiations will go a little smoother.

The issue of cooperation in Vladivostok has been delayed, and Chongqing has used it as a bargaining chip in negotiations. Today, the fortunes of the Soviet Union are at a low point, and the German and Japanese armies are about to meet. Chongqing is in a good position and has become more aggressive in its negotiating stance. Tickle the roots of the Soviet representative's angry teeth. However, the Soviet Union still procrastinated and did not want to agree to Chongqing's conditions.

Negotiations began at the end of last year. The content of the negotiations is a concrete way to abolish unequal treaties, because China has no specific preparations for this, so it is relatively passive.

After agreeing in principle to abolish the historically unequal treaties, the Soviet Union regretted it somewhat, because the concessions to China did not bring any immediate benefits, and the Chinese army did not immediately dispatch large armies and annihilate all the Japanese troops in the Soviet Union. Although he did not raise any objections to the military action of the Northeast Coalition Army, he used this as a reason to make such and such demands in the negotiations.

One of the requirements was to have the right to use the port of Luda, the USSR did not yet have an ice-free port in the Far East.

The second requirement is to have the right to use the China Eastern Railway.

The third requirement is to have all the rights of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Fourth, the Soviet cities in the Far East demanded that China redeem them within ten years, otherwise the Soviet Union would have permanent ownership of several cities.

The fifth requirement is that China quickly send troops to eliminate the Japanese invading army in Siberia.

The sixth requirement is that all Soviet citizens in the region, who wish to live in their place, should be guaranteed Soviet citizenship, and their collective and personal property should be protected. They were also to be guaranteed the freedom to move back to the Soviet Union.

Both Chongqing and Yan'an have different opinions on these requirements. Chongqing only hoped for assistance, and hoped that the Soviet government would stand by the window, not support Yan'an, let alone support it. Ostensibly, the Chongqing delegates were strict with the conditions, and criticized Yan'an for its weak attitude towards the Soviet Union in the newspapers.

Later, I learned that in private, Chongqing had a lot of concessions, and they even proposed to let Chongqing and the Soviet Union put pressure on the Northeast, let the Northeast government absolutely obey the leadership of Chongqing, and allow Chongqing to have political power in the Outer Northeast and Outer Mongolia, and then develop the army, so that Chongqing was willing to make concessions on the above conditions.

Yan'an, on the other hand, did not agree to the excessive conditions of the Soviet Union, nor did it cede control of Northeast China, Outer Northeast and Outer Mongolia, but made concessions on appropriate conditions. In addition, Yan'an demanded that we support the Soviet Union in exchange for the Soviet Union giving up some conditions.

The Soviet Union also took advantage of the contradictions between Chongqing and Yan'an to carry out compromises in the negotiations and obtain benefits.

However, neither Chongqing nor the Soviet Union received much benefit. The reason is very simple, one is that the negotiation ability of the representatives sent by Yan'an is too strong, and the other is that the military regime in the northeast outside the northeast is too strong. Chongqing is dreaming in vain and can't get involved, and the Soviet Union has a request for the northeast, so it's not good to make excessive demands.

It was not until the war situation in the Soviet Union worsened that the attitude of the Chinese side changed and became tougher.

On the day that the news of the demise of the Soviet Union reached China, Chongqing, contrary to the norm, rejected all Soviet demands and proposed that the Soviet Union should immediately sign a text of an agreement contrary to these demands so that Chinese troops could send troops.

The negotiator on the Soviet side was the Soviet ambassador to China, and when he saw that the situation was urgent, he asked to see Zhou Gong and asked him to lead the negotiations and meet the Soviet Union's demands.

What a character Zhou Gong is. At that time, he had two ideas, one was that the outcome of the negotiations should maximize China's interests, and the other was that it should not go too far, and if the Soviet Union perished, then China would be the one who would be caught between the two powers.

So, Zhou Gong negotiated with both sides and asked them to take a step back.

However, now Chongqing has finally turned to an opportunity, but if it does not make concessions, the negotiations have dragged on. The Soviets were helpless.

By now, the negotiations had been led by Chongqing, and Master Lin took the opportunity to leave, break away from the negotiations, and go to Kunming to recuperate. Mr. Jiang listened and agreed.

In fact, Division Commander Lin went to the southwest to lead the political and military work there. He is a big man, operating in the open and others in the dark.

Just after Division Commander Lin left, the negotiations had a result.

Negotiations resulted in a draft agreement, which was largely based on the principles proposed by Yan'an. The two sides have reached a treaty. The draft has been sent to the respective Governments for approval and then signed by the members of their respective delegations and approved by the national legislature. Now, the signature has been completed, Chongqing quickly ratified it, on the Soviet side, the Politburo has approved it, the state legislature is carrying out the procedure, and it will be ratified soon.

These days, Mr. Jiang is very proud. Although the battlefield was not very smooth, the recovery of Outer Mongolia, the recovery of the Northeast, the recovery of the Outer Northeast, and the abolition of all unequal treaties in the history of Tsarist Russia will leave a mark in history. The Communist Party in the delegation always has to be weakened, and it is best to get it all out. Although Lin Yurong is my student, he just doesn't want to do it with me in these conversations, so he can leave.

Although some of the private conditions in the negotiations had not been met and no real benefits had been obtained, he felt that there was hope. As long as the Northeast troops help the Soviet Union and Japan in the war, the elite units of the Japanese army in the Soviet Union will inflict heavy losses on the Northeast troops, weaken their military strength, and create conditions and opportunities for Chongqing to occupy Northeast China and Outer Mongolia in the future.

Outer Northeast is a new term, although it has been used before, but people have gradually used it more frequently these days. The Outer Northeast generally refers to the vast area east of the Ussuri River, north of the Heilongjiang River, east to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and north to the Outer Khingan Mountains.

However, these scenery are superficial, and the New Fourth Army of the Eighth Route Army is becoming more and more uncontrollable. Lao Chiang himself was very worried, and many of his subordinates were also very worried, and when some students met with him in private, they did not talk about Japan, but only about the Eighth Road.

In the first two years, Lao Chiang's strategy was to make the Northeast Eighth Road and the Japanese desperate. He hoped in his heart that the Northeast Coalition Army and the Kwantung Army would work hard, fighting to the death. According to common sense, the Northeast Coalition Army can't defeat the Kwantung Army at all, and it should be wiped out. Unexpectedly, the Northeast Coalition Army survived, and even recovered Northeast Outer Mongolia.

By this time, he felt that it was over. At that time, according to Dai Li's intelligence, in the process of recovering the Northeast, the Kwantung Army suffered more than 200,000 casualties, while the Northeast Coalition Army only killed tens of thousands. By the time the Outer Northeast was recovered, the Kwantung Army suffered nearly 300,000 casualties, while the Northeast Coalition Army suffered less than 50,000 casualties, which shows that the Northeast Coalition Army's combat effectiveness has become even stronger.

Up to now, the initiative in the negotiations, coupled with the diplomatic victory of his wife, made him really proud and happy for a while. After being proud, after being happy, Lao Chiang wanted to act, to occupy new territories, and to make every effort to lay out in the northeast. At this time, he had a feeling of powerlessness, his strength was blank in the Outer Northeast, and there were not many people in the Northeast. Here, there is not a single person in the army.

There is a way, that is, to send people over, seal the officials and make wishes, and win over some of the original puppet soldiers and bandits, as long as they promise benefits, they are not afraid of no one

As soon as Division Commander Lin left, Xiaolu's telegram arrived at Zhou Gong, fully reporting the results of the tripartite negotiations in Vladivostok. Zhou Gong knew that Xiaolu was preparing for a war in Siberia, and if he didn't do it, he would even have to confront the German army, and he knew the stakes well, if the Soviet Union was killed at this time, the situation would not know how to develop.

Zhou Gong immediately asked to see Jiang Gong. Unexpectedly, Jiang Gong promised to meet immediately. In the afternoon, when Zhou Gong arrived at the residence of Lao Jiang in Huangshan, a guard immediately ushered him into the small conference room. As soon as they met, Jiang Gong said: "You actually hold talks with the United States and the Soviet Union privately, which is very incompatible with the national system!" ”

Zhou Gong didn't expect this matter to become his greatest concern, and said: "Chairman of the Committee, the matter is urgent, and I hope to hurry up to aid the Soviet Union, otherwise the Soviet Union will be finished, and western China will be in danger." ”

Jiang Gongdao: "Things are not bad enough to that extent. The country's foreign affairs are under the control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If you have made an agreement with a foreign country privately, does this agreement have the force of law? \"

Zhou Gongdao: "First, the matter is indeed serious. Of course, not according to normal thinking, but Hitler was a madman, and it cannot be measured by ordinary thinking. Second, at the Vladivostok talks, the government knew about it, and we had permission to hold talks, not privately, but on concrete matters. On the way, the top governor of the Northeast will naturally lead the talks. ”

Jiang Gong thought for a moment and said, "Since we have already talked about it with foreigners, we can't take it back, so let's talk about it." However, on the way, troops will be prepared to send troops to Siberia. If you want to press all the elites, you must finish it in one battle. ”

After Xiaolu recovered Vladivostok, Mr. Jiang issued an order to block people's mouths and awarded Xiaolu the rank of general, and Zhao Shangzhi, Yang Jingyu, and Zhou Baozhong were also awarded the rank of lieutenant general. Several other corps commanders and deputy commanders were awarded the rank of major general, and the commander of the column was also awarded the rank of major general or colonel.

Zhou Gong guessed seven or eight times out of ten about his thoughts, and conferring the rank was nothing more than mixing sand between the Northeast Coalition Army and Yan'an. The second is to allow troops to be sent, one is to use the Japanese to consume the strength of the Northeast Coalition Army, and the other is to make capital for themselves from the United States and Britain. However, as long as an agreement is reached, it is beneficial to the country, and it is inevitable that the Northeast Coalition Army will sacrifice some.

Thinking of this, Zhou Gong said: "I will pass down the president's order and let them prepare to send troops." Both sides conceded and a consensus was finally reached.

After the business was over, Zhou Gong said: "Madame has made a lot of diplomatic achievements in the United States, how has it progressed recently?" ”

Jiang Gong was silent and said: "After Madame gave a speech in the Congress, she also gave speeches in the councils of many cities, and the progress was rapid. The U.S. aid package is almost finalized. For our assistance, the amount is much larger. The Soviet Union is gone, and China is the main battlefield of resistance to fascism. ”

At this time, a guard came in and whispered a few words in Jiang's ear, and Jiang said, "Okay, let's talk about it here today." I'm going to see General Stilwell soon. ”

Zhou Gong went out, just as Stilwell came in. Seeing Zhou Gong, Stilwell said, "Mr. Zhou, when will we talk?" ”

Zhou Gongdao: "Very good, I already knew that you would come back in the next few days." I'm here to help. ”

That evening, Stilwell met with Zhou Gong in Hongyan Village.

Stilwell got straight to the point and asked, "Can your army destroy the Japanese forces threatening our fleet's North Pacific shipping routes in a short period of time?" We are ready to open up this route. ”

Zhou Gongdao: "Tell me about your thoughts and plans. See what we can do. ”

Stilwell told the United States what it was going to do.

Now, in order to deal with the Japanese army's sneak attack on the west coast of the United States, the United States has mobilized a large number of fleets to locate the west coast of the United States, resulting in a tight situation in the Pacific theater. The situation in the Pacific theater was unfavorable.

The United States has observed the strong combat power of the Northeast Coalition Army, and its expectations for the Northeast Coalition Army have increased. The Americans developed a bold plan, they wanted to create a base in Vladivostok, expecting to restore supplies to the USSR after the defeat of the Japanese army in Siberia.

Understanding the intentions of the Americans, Zhou Gong said: "Our navy is very weak and cannot do it, only the army can take a step forward." ”

Stilwell: "What is the current situation in the land war in the Far East?" ”

Zhou Gong: "This area is vast and sparsely populated, and the roads are very underdeveloped. It was not easy for the Japanese army to retreat, and it was not easy for us to pursue. ”

Stilwell: "When will the island defeat the Japanese army?" ”

Zhou Gong: "Huatai Island is a place name imposed by the Japanese. Our ancestors called it Sakhalin. To fight this island, the problem is not in the size of the army, but in transportation. It's going to take us a few months to get here. We've all discussed these issues. Do you have any new proposals? ”

Stilwell: "We plan to build a base here in Sakhalin so that we can strike at the Japanese mainland in a short period of time. ”

Zhou Gong understood that the Americans wanted to fight a political battle to boost the morale of the Americans: "Our attitude towards this is positive. In this regard, we hope that in the implementation of the aid bill, we will give a part of the amount to the northeast. These credits can offset the cost of your army's use of Sakhalin. In addition, we hope that the US military in the Pacific theater will actively attack. We are both in harmony and make it difficult for Japan to make decisions. Otherwise, the Japanese army will press the army to the northeast, and we will have a big setback. ”

Stilwell: "Personally, I'm positive about that. ”

After all, the United States has a strong production capacity and a strong national strength. Their machines were all running, warships were launched, and planes were taken to the skies.

******

1. In the decades after World War II, Vladivostok was a city under strict Soviet military control. Soviet control over Vladivostok has only been lifted in recent years. From Hailan to Vladivostok, there are many Chinese living in this vast area, and the indigenous people here also have a sense of identity with China. The Soviet Union seized this piece of land, and its heart was empty. They wanted to secure a stable occupation of the area, and the most important means was to emigrate and move a large number of Soviets here. In addition, they educate the natives, the so-called Tatars, in Soviet culture. The last one is repression, restricting the movement of these people.