When reading history books, Xiaolu can always see a word, called turn in, turn in. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

Turn in, which consists of two verbs, one is to turn around and the other is to move forward. When you look at it together, it is to turn around and run, which is the common saying of escape, and it is better to call retreat.

In fact, there is no shame in retreating, why do you have to call it transferring?

Deputy Army Commander Tong Linge and Division Commander Zhao Dengyu, who had "transferred" one step earlier, led several cars and pulled the headquarters and entourage guards to the north, preparing to pass through the Dahongmen, Benyongding Gate, and then enter Beijing City, and join the troops in Beijing City to make plans again. Other troops to the north followed.

Originally, they also wanted to "turn in" to the south, but the position in the south was breached, so they had to "turn in" to the north.

Tong Linge had long known the intelligence of the Japanese army at the Dahongmen, and personally led the guards to attack the Japanese army, preparing to clear a way out, not wanting to be ambushed by the Japanese army before he reached the Dahongmen.

The ambush was the Japanese garrison in North China, and there was not a single traitor.

The Japanese troops on both sides of the road suddenly opened fire, and several machine guns aimed at the car to fire.

At this time, the planes came, this time five planes, and the planes circled around the Dahongmen area, looking for cars to drop bombs.

Tong Linge was shot.

Tong Linge was shot in the leg by an enemy machine gun, but he still "wounded and killed the enemy", by this time, there were not many people in the guards, but the number of devils did not decrease. Tong Linge was hit several more bullets in the abdomen, and at this time, the devil plane found Tong Linge and others, circled over, and dropped two bombs.

A bomb exploded next to Tong Linge, and Tong Linge was hit in the head by a bomb fragment, and he was "martyred" on the spot. The remaining few guards wanted to get closer to Tong Lin Pavilion and wanted to come to the rescue, but they were killed by nearby machine guns. So far, Tong Linge and his entourage guards have not been left behind, and all of them have died heroically.

Other troops advancing north also suffered heavy blows, the Japanese army ambushed in all directions, and the formation of the North China Army units that were "transferred" to the north was disrupted, and each fled for his life.

Zhao Dengyu and his guards were also ambushed by the Japanese army.

Zhao Dengyu personally led a platoon of guards, and was also ambushed on the way to break through. The guards dared to fight, fought a way, and continued north. Rushing out of the Big Red Gate not far away, he was ambushed again. At this time, there were few people left in the guard. The devil had strong firepower, but unfortunately he was shot several times and died in the line of duty. The place of martyrdom is called Huang Tingzi.

On this afternoon alone, more than 3,000 officers and men in North China were killed.

The retreat plan of the North China Army has been completely placed on the table of the Japanese army, and the Japanese army has long been ambushed here, waiting for the North China Army to come. It's like a person waiting there with a knife, and the person who is being cut quickly rushes over and pulls himself out with his own momentum.

On the evening of July 30, Beiping, Tieshi Hutong, Jinde Society.

Song Zheyuan, Qin Dechun, Zhang Zizhong, Feng Zhi'an and others were fighting in Nanyuan. Throughout the afternoon, there was no news from Nanyuan, and everyone was anxious and restless.

In the evening, Zheng Dazhang, commander of the 9th Cavalry Division, came to report: "Deputy Commander Tong and Commander Zhao were killed, our officers and soldiers suffered serious casualties, half of the casualties of the 9th Cavalry Division, and the other half retreated to Gu'an, and the Japanese army has a great tendency to besiege Beiping." ”

Song Zheyuan and others immediately cried bitterly. I cried for a while and began to discuss countermeasures. One is the withdrawal of the military government, which is equivalent to ceding North China to the Japanese, and no one dares to make a decision.

But there is no way not to retreat, that is, to turn in, to retreat in part and stay in part. How do I transfer in? Who doesn't turn in? You have to pay attention.

After discussion, two plans were drawn up: the first: leave four regiments to defend Beiping, commanded by Qin Dechun. The second, leaving Zhang Zizhong to lead his troops to deal with the Japanese side, Song and others to deploy defense on the south bank of the Yongding River. The difference between the two options is the question of who stays.

While studying which plan to adopt, Lao Jiang once again urged Song Zheyuan to move to Baoding. Song decided to appoint Zhang Zizhong as acting chairman of the Jicha Political Affairs Committee, director of the Jicha Pacification Office, and mayor of Beiping City.

Zhang Zizhong, then mayor of Tianjin, commander of the 38th Division. Zhang Zizhong, Song Zheyuan, Qin Dechun, etc. belong to the main peace faction, while Feng Zhi'an, He Jifeng and others belong to the main battle faction. After the 77 Incident, he was responsible for communicating and negotiating with the Japanese army. At this time, public opinion believed that he was a capitulation faction, and he was consciously aggrieved.

Zhang Zizhong would not have thought that a few years later, he would recall that he was left to negotiate with the Japanese army, and thus defeated the heart of death.

Qin Dechun mentioned in his memories that before leaving, Zhang Zizhong said to him with tears: "You and Mr. Song have become national heroes, and I am afraid that you will become a traitor." ”

Qin advised: "This is the beginning of the war, the coming day is long, you must cover the coffin to decide, as long as you swear to save the country, there will be a day when the whole country understands, please do it yourself." ”

At 9 o'clock in the evening of the 30th, Song Zheyuan informed the Japanese secret service of the withdrawal of the 37th Division from Beiping in Matsui, and Song Zheyuan, Qin Dechun, Feng Zhi'an, Zhang Weixi and others "went from Xizhimen in Beiping to Changxindian through Sanjiadian and transferred to Baoding." The 37th Division was evacuated from Beiping, and the 27th and 39th Independent Brigades remained in Beiping." Song Zheyuan and others successfully transferred.

Why did the Japanese army let Song Zheyuan go? It's hard to say the real reason for this. Objectively, it was already difficult for the Japanese army to eat Beiping. A big battle, it is no longer able to pursue, it is impossible to kill it all.

It was precisely because of the lack of strength of the Japanese army that a large number of celebrities from all walks of life who had not had time to evacuate secretly evacuated after the Japanese army occupied Beiping.

The 39th Independent Brigade was a unit of Zhang Zizhong's 38th Division, stationed in Beiyuan. Brigade Commander Ruan Xuanwu wanted to lead the 39th Brigade to leave Beiping, but the soldiers refused to leave when they saw that Zhang Zizhong was not leaving. The 39th Independent Brigade, with 6,000 soldiers, 5,000 rifles, 200 light machine guns, and 8 artillery pieces, was abruptly disarmed and reorganized into a puppet security force. Brigade Commander Nguyen Xuan Vu himself later traveled to Chongqing via Hong Kong.

As for the reason for the adaptation, one says that Ruan Xuanwu defected to Japan, one said that Chief of Staff Zhang Luqing surrendered to Japan, and another said that Song Zheyuan arranged it in advance. However, it is true that Ruan is not an official of Zhang Zizhong's political affairs committee.

In the 27th Independent Brigade, Brigade Commander Shi Zhengang joined up with Regiment Commander Liu Ruzhen (the regiment commander who shot in the Guang'anmen Incident) stationed at Guang'anmen, and led the troops to break through and leave Beiping on August 1, encountering Japanese aircraft bombing and pursuit on the way, suffering considerable losses.

Brigade Commander Shi Zhengang marched to Machang, felt that the future was bleak, and left his troops and returned to Beiping (later continued to serve as brigade commander, and was later dismissed from his post without military rights. ）。 The troops went to the Central Plains under the leadership of Liu Ruzhen.

On 31 July, Zhang Zizhong reorganized the Jicha Political Affairs Committee, adding Zhang Yunrong, Zhang Bi, Jiang Chaozong, Leng Jiaji, Chen Zhongfu, Yang Zhaogeng, and others to the ranks of the committee members, and appointing Zhang Bi as the chief of the Beiping City Police to be responsible for negotiations with Japan. And most of these people are traitors or pro-Japanese factions, so Zhang Zizhong's reputation as a "traitor" has become more and more resounding.

At 3 o'clock in the morning of the 31st, Song Zheyuan and others arrived in Baoding, and then called Lao Jiang: "All military and political affairs in Beiping are handled by Division Commander Zhang Zizhong. ”

The 27th and 39th independent brigades that remained were soon changed to Japanese security forces, and it is also said that Song Zheyuan arranged them.

When Lao Jiang met with reporters, a reporter from the "Central Daily" asked: How should Chairman Song suddenly leave Pingping, resulting in the loss of an important town, and he is not aware of the responsibility of the central authorities?

Jiang replied: "Militarily speaking, Song should have gone to Baoding as early as possible, and it was not appropriate to be stationed in Pingjin, and Yu had always advocated this. Yu is the highest military commander in the country, and he also has administrative responsibility, and all the military failures in Pingjin are not related to the Song Dynasty, and he is willing to be responsible for the rest of the people. ”

Soon, Tianjin was lost, the North China Army retreated to Jinghe and Machang, and Song Zheyuan sent a telegram to Nanjing to ask for punishment. Song Zheyuan resigned.

Three days later, Lao Chiang sent Song Zheyuan as commander-in-chief of the First Army and ordered a counterattack on Pingjin

On August 4, 1937, the Japanese army entered the city and entered the city from the front gate. The infantry lined up, followed by artillery into the city. On the same day, the Japanese army hung a large-character slogan on Tiananmen Square: "Build a new order in East Asia." "Each word is more than two meters long and wide.

In early August, Zhang Zizhong fled from Beiping in an American car and headed south via Tianjin. Along the way, some people heard that Zhang was coming, and they all wanted to scold him.

Zhang Zizhong put on makeup and went south along the canal, someone on the boat saw Zhang Zizhong and suspected that he was really a big traitor Zhang Zizhong, so he beat the side drum and scolded Zhang Zizhong for being a big traitor. When the guard heard this, he wanted to beat someone, but was stopped by Zhang Zizhong.

Because of the appearance of the path, the fall of Peking was two days late. Pan Yugui's place was replaced by Zhang Bi. As for the mutual distrust between the North China Army and Nanjing, the hypocrisy between the North China Army and the Japanese, the internal discord within the North China Army, the flight and transfer of the supreme commander in North China, and so on, everything is the same as before.

The adaptation of the North China Army, the escape of the escape, the failure of the failure, a month after the July 7 Incident, Pingjin fell, and the Japanese soldiers pointed to North China, swept Hebei, and approached Shanxi. It's business as usual.

Peiping fell.

Later, in 1939, Professor Zhu Ziqing, who was in exile in Kunming, wrote an article "The Day of the Fall of Beiping" to commemorate this event. He recorded the major events in the process of the fall, the reactions of the citizens, and the mentality of the people of Beiping at the time of the fall.

At the end of the article, he said through the mouth of a friend: "We are now falling from the zenith, but don't be discouraged! Looking at the news that everyone was so anxiously looking forward to victory yesterday and accepting the news of victory so warmly, it can be seen that the hearts of the people in Beiping are immortal. As long as people's hearts do not die, the final victory will be ours for a long time! Wait and see, Beiping will not be calm, there will be a day when the sentinels will be more lively. That's the day when we will be victorious! That day will come soon! ”

******

On the 1st and 28th, Song Zheyuan left Beiping and only led the 37th Division to retreat, replacing his three positions with Zhang Zizhong. One said: "In the afternoon, Song Zheyuan held an emergency meeting and decided to abandon Beiping and retreat to Baoding on the orders of Lao Jiang. At 3 p.m. of the same day, Zhang Zizhong went to see Song Zheyuan and told Song Zheyuan that the reason why the peace talks failed was because the Japanese had opinions on Song, and said: "If the chairman of the NPC Standing Committee (Song Zheyuan, then chairman of the Jicha Political Affairs Committee) leaves Beiping temporarily, there is still hope that the overall situation will turn around." After hearing this, Song Zheyuan immediately wrote a note asking Zhang Zizhong to act as the chairman of the political affairs committee of the Jicha, and led the troops to leave Beiping with Feng Zhi'an and others at night. And Lao Jiang also gave Song Zheyuan an order to leave Beiping on the 28th. On the evening of the 28th, all the headquarters of the 37th Division left Beiping. ”

2. The Japanese commander who attacked Beiping on July 28: Kiyoji Kazuki, and the Japanese troops participating in the battle: the Japanese Suzuki Mixed Brigade, the Kawabe Shozo Brigade and the Mechanized Brigade. Attack direction: North Garden, West Garden, South Garden.