234 Spoils Sharing (6)
"All for the front, all for victory!" At the call of the Bolshevik Central Committee in Russia, the Russian people threw themselves into the war.
1919 was a difficult year for the Russian Communist Party, but also a glorious one. The foreign invaders, the domestic White Army, and the Mensheviks finally stood naked together. In Russia, in addition to the Soviets established by the Bolsheviks, a large number of Mensheviks also established their own Soviet power. The Bolsheviks resisted the White Army and foreign intervention armies while fighting for the masses and forcefully destroying the Menshevik regimes everywhere.
Any regime that does not stand with the people, and any regime that cannot unite with the people, will be helpless in the face of the people's war. In this respect, there is really no difference between the countries of the world.
Strategically speaking, the Russian Communist Party has never allowed the two military forces of Kolchak and Denikin to converge. If the two had been completely connected with each other in 1918, the results would have been terrible.
However, by 1919, the Bolsheviks had established their own grassroots organizations in the vast Russian countryside, uprooting the weak grassroots organizations of the White Army and the Mensheviks from the Russian soil, and the rest of the battle was nothing more than a heavy encirclement of the enemy.
In July 1919, the Red Army laid siege to Kolchak's stronghold, and the war for the city of Zlatoust had entered a critical moment. But when a small British force resolutely broke through the Red Army-controlled area and entered Kolchak's control zone, the situation became even more bizarre.
The Russian Communist Party did not want a full-scale war with the Entente, and any conflict that could lead to a greater pretext for the Entente to intervene was something that the Red Army tried to avoid. In particular, the British army openly flaunted the banner of delivering humanitarian aid, and the Red Army did not want to cause trouble. After all, this was only a British army of less than a regiment, and it was impossible for such a number of troops to fundamentally turn the tide of the war. And after the British joined Kolchak, they quickly retreated.
Next, the Red Army soon found that the situation had changed a lot.
Kolchak's army was not inferior in numbers, its combat capabilities and level were not inferior to those of the Red Army, and their biggest problem was low morale. As an army of exploiters, they are not fighting for themselves. This army is not rooted in the people of the country, but is attached to the ruling class. In a simple tailwind battle, the army may still be able to show a certain amount of combat effectiveness. Such an army wilts when it enters a brutal war of attrition, or when it takes great willpower to overwhelm the fear of death.
Although the Russian Red Army did not have the systematic theoretical construction and extensive practical summaries of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army under the banner of the People's Party, compared with Kolchak's troops, the Russian Red Army was still rooted in the strength of the Russian people.
Therefore, through the difficult battles in the early stage, the Fifth Army of the Red Army and the Second Army have completed the preparations before the battle. The Fifth Army, which then attacked Zlatoust, and the Second Army, which attacked Yekarinaburg, met with stubborn resistance from Kolchak's troops.
It was really stubborn resistance, and in every trench, on every height, in every place of battle, Kolchak's army fought to the death. The original Red Army's strength and unyieldingness, fighting to the death, and persevering to the end were vividly displayed in Kolchak's troops.
The most special thing was the spirit of daring to attack, on which the Red Army finally overwhelmed the enemy in every battle. When Kolchak's army suffered heavy casualties, it always quickly lost morale, either trying to find an easier line of attack or gathering firepower in an attempt to overwhelm the Red Army. The Red Army relied on its will to defeat these experienced White Army again and again.
At present, the Red Army is faced with the White Army, which fights to the death during the day and does not retreat, and many White troops encounter the danger of breaking through their positions at a critical juncture, and they do not call for artillery support, let alone abandon their positions and flee. The White Army, led by officers, raised their bayonets and launched a counter-charge against the Red Army. The officers in front were knocked down, and the flag of the White Army in the back continued to charge. When entering the bloody competition of combat ability and combat technology, the superiority of the White Army was revealed. Many of the positions were occupied by the Red Army, which had made great sacrifices, after all the defending White troops had been killed.
And after a day of hard fighting, the White Army launched a counterattack at night. The exhausted Red Army had never encountered such a large-scale full-scale night counterattack, and neither the Fifth Army nor the Second Army of the Russian Red Army suffered heavy losses in night battles.
After three days of fighting, the party members and backbone of the Fifth and Second Armies were depleted, and the White Army also suffered heavy casualties. At this critical moment, it was the White Army that "mustered up courage". With fanatical fighting spirit, they launched a decisive attack and almost completely routed the Fifth Army and the Second Army of the Russian Red Army. Seeing that they could no longer accomplish the objectives of the campaign, the two armies of the Red Army could only retreat all the way with hatred.
The Russian Communists were not without gains, and after interrogating the White Army personnel captured in these two battles, they finally figured out that the "humanitarian aid" provided to the White Army by the small British unit was a drug. Through the channels of sympathetic supporters of the Russian Revolution in the Entente countries, the Russian Communist Party learned that these drugs were "miraculous pills" purchased by the British from China.
According to information received from Britain and France, Britain and France had no intention of continuing the war with China after World War I. Because this kind of "miraculous body protection pill" developed by Chen Ke, chairman of the People's Party, showed terrible power in the just-concluded world war, the British and French high-level leaders simply imagined that the British and French ground troops invading China would have completely lost the will to fight in the face of the charge of millions of Chinese troops who had taken this drug. No one is willing to fight a war that is doomed to failure.
After the Russian Communist Party obtained a small amount of "miraculous body protection pills" through channels, it conducted experiments in the Russian Red Army. Physical, mental, concentration, whatever the aspect, the trial participants showed great improvements. Moreover, this drug can promote a strong desire to attack, and the desire to attack on the battlefield is one of the pillars of victory. The fact that drugs were able to trigger physiological impulses that overwhelmed class consciousness was a great surprise to the Russian Communist Party.
Chen Ke's attributes as a chemist are recorded in the archives established for Chen Ke in various countries around the world. The sulfonamides used by the People's Party's medical team in helping Britain and France to treat the "Spanish flu" and the good effect of loquat plaster have made the Russian Communist Party more convinced of the credibility of this drug.
The only thing that can make the Russian Communist Party feel "relieved" is that this kind of "miraculous body protection pill" is expensive, and Britain only provided it to Kolchak's troops in the face of an extremely unfavorable situation. It is said that the British themselves also had very limited stocks. But this "relief" itself is also very limited. Because Britain could buy these drugs in large quantities from China and supply them to various White armies, including Kolchak.
Without even using the British, Kolchak controlled the western part of the Urals, and they could buy these drugs directly from China by land.
This counterattack also repelled the offensive of the Russian Red Army, especially the Red Army, in order to win the victory on the Eastern Front, a large number of party members, Komsomol members, and trade union members were added to the front. The hard fight with Kolchak certainly led to heavy losses for Kolchak, but the backbone of the Russian Red Army also suffered heavy losses.
Most importantly, Kolchak already had a completely new means of controlling the army, and if the drugs could effectively stimulate the will of the White Army to fight, Kolchak could use a large number of troops with a weak will to fight to launch a terrible offensive against the Red Army. It's going to be a terrible question.
Next, the Russian Communist Party really saw a chain reaction. In June, a counter-revolutionary rebellion broke out at the Red Hill Fort and the Gray Horse Fort near Degrad, and the Red Army Navy sent a fleet and a large number of troops to suppress the two counter-revolutionary batteries, and the Red Army, which was superior in numbers, could not capture it for a long time. Even the brutal hand-to-hand combat could not make the enemy in the battery lose the will to fight. The rebels could resist fiercely for days and nights without sleeping, day and night.
After tightly blocking the news, the Russian Communist Party had to reformulate its strategy. At a time when the enemy was in danger of an unexpected burst of combat effectiveness, this new situation was extremely intractable for the Red Army.
The Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party believes that a large number of "miraculous body protection pills" must not be allowed to continue to flow into the Russian civil war, and even if they tear their faces with the British and French intervention forces, they cannot allow such a great change in the situation to occur. In addition to controlling the liaison between the foreign intervention forces and Kolchak, it was also necessary to find a way to get China not to provide the White Army with "miraculous body protection pills". In the news brought back by Comrade Berkov, Chen Ke made territorial claims to Russia, and listening to Chen Ke's meaning, Chen Ke may want to paralyze the Russian Communist Party, or he really wants to maintain good relations with the Russian Communist Party. Anyway, the People's Party was not hostile to the Russian Communist Party at this time. Then negotiation is an effective way to solve problems. Even if deception is employed, China, which seems to be the weakest link in the imperialist chain, must be pried off the noose that imperialism has put around the neck of the Russian Communist Party.
Comrade Lenin, who imagined that millions of drugged Chinese troops were marching into Russia from the direction of empty Siberia and even through Central Asia to Moscow, felt very uncomfortable in his heart. If we want to solve the Chinese problem through diplomacy, we cannot simply send a Comrade Berkov. At a time when the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party had not yet decided on the candidates, the White Army had already begun to launch another offensive war against Moscow from all directions. The White Army, replenished by lumpenproletarians, kulaks, and even large numbers of middle peasants, showed considerable combat effectiveness on all fronts.
The failure of the offensive on the Eastern Front set off a chain reaction. Not only these white troops, but also the cannon fodder units of the intervention army dispatched by the small countries around Russia also showed a considerable degree of "combat effectiveness" in the following battles. From July to September, after a series of bloody battles, the Red Army finally stabilized the situation. Every "excellent" White Army, as well as the Intervention Army, showed signs of taking pre-war medication. In the pockets of many officers' corpses, a small amount of "Divine Skill Body Protection Pills" were found.
Such losses were almost unbearable for the Russian Red Army, whose backbones, especially the political commissars, took the lead in large numbers during the battle, and the rate of loss far exceeded that of ordinary soldiers. In previous battles, as long as these elite backbones defeated the enemy's backbone, the remaining troops of the enemy collapsed without a fight. In the present battle, the elite of the Russian Red Army had to be exchanged for the enemy's cannon fodder units, and such an exchange ratio was almost unbearable for the Red Army.
The main forces of the Red Army were also made up of ordinary people, and without enough leading examples, they would also be afraid and panicked. When these armies faced the subsequent attack of the elite troops of the White Army, the victory or defeat of both sides did not favor the Russian Red Army.
In order to avoid the worst-case scenario, the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party finally chose Trotsky to go to China with Comrade Berkov. Before this high-level diplomatic team just started to leave for China, the Russian Communist Party got good news that the "Divine Power Body Protection Pill" purchased by the Allies during World War I was almost exhausted. If the supply channels from China can be cut off, the pressure on the CPSU will be greatly reduced in the subsequent war.
Although Kolchak controlled the eastern part of Moscow, the Russians opened lines of communication. Through this line of communication, the delegation of the Russian Communist Party can get in touch with the People's Party as soon as possible.
By mid-October, the delegation of the Russian Communist Party, which had risked a great risk and had informed the People's Party in advance, finally met the Chinese troops who had entered Russian territory through Chinese Outer Mongolia. This encounter in itself proved one thing to the Russian Communist Party, and the People's Party is still willing to establish good relations with the Russian Communist Party, as they say.
When the delegation of the Russian Communist Party traveled south from Outer Mongolia, they found that China was in full swing to build a railway connecting southern China from Kulen, and some sections of the railway had even been temporarily opened to traffic. As in most railway test runs, the first to run was the "roller" wagon, which was loaded with a lot of things. Naturally, the vehicles from south to north are railway building materials. From north to south, there is a large amount of ore and wool.
In the event of a war between China and Russia, this railway will be the main transportation artery of China. Russia did not have a large population in the Far East and Siberia, and such a railway would allow large quantities of Chinese troops and supplies to reach the front lines of the war. A protracted war on the ice sheet would be a disaster for Russia.
The meeting took place not in Wuhan, but in Zhangjiakou. Zhang Yu, head of the Propaganda Department of the People's Party, was already waiting for Comrade Trotsky in Zhangjiakou.
During the talks, Trotsky first stated that the Russian Communist Party was willing to practice good-neighborly relations with China. However, he personally did not support the change of the border line, "peace is not unilaterally imposed by one side on the other, and if we want to maintain real peace, I believe that mutual recognition based on the current status quo and agreement on future friendship is the most important thing." ”
"Comrade Trotsky, we want to sign a treaty with the Russian Communist Party that is different from the Brestster Treaty," Zhang Yu did not care at all to provoke Trotsky's mood, and he said straight to the point, "the so-called imposable, it is because you, the Russian Communist Party, are trying to inherit the treaty imposed on us by Russia, and this kind of thing is of course easy to have a kind of self-confidence." But what we stand for is that we want to take back what we have been forcibly stripped of. This mood is more urgent and intense than the righteous mood you have. ”
Trotsky knew what the People's Party was up to, but he did not expect Zhang Yu to be so tough.
However, this was only the beginning, and he handed Trotsky a thick piece of information. "Comrade Trotsky, when we think about the propaganda of our army, we base it only on facts, and I hope that you will be able to see how much these facts will arouse the will to fight of our troops."
Trotsky opened the materials, some in Chinese, some in Russian. The top part of this is the record of the Hailan Bubble tragedy.
From July 16 to 21, 1900, Tsarist Russia massacred Chinese residents living in Hailanpao, which killed more than 5,000 Chinese. The Hailan Pao Massacre and the Jiangdong 64 Tun Massacre that occurred on July 17, 1900 are also known as the "Gengzi Russian Disaster".
After the "Heilongjiang Incident," an atmosphere of terror persevered inside and outside Hailan Pao City, and the persecution of Chinese people continued unabated. When the representative of the Chinese residents asked Gribsky if the Chinese in the city needed to be evacuated, he lied to the representative that the Chinese "can stay where they are without worry." He then ordered that the Chinese should not cross the river, detained all the ferries, and sent cavalry to disperse the crowd preparing to cross the river.
On July 16, 1900, Gribsky ordered a non-local arrest of all the hits
Nationals, a frenzied manhunt began, heavily armed Tsarist soldiers broke into Chinese homes and shops, arrested and escorted all men, women and children, "even the baby in his arms was forcibly pulled out." More than 1,500 Chinese fled to hide outside the city, and were also searched by Russian soldiers, many were stabbed alive with bayonets, and the living were "driven into the police station like animals in a pen of animals." Nearly 3,500 people were arrested that day, and the police station could not accommodate them, and they were escorted to a sawmill by the Jingqili River that night.
On July 17, 1900, the Hailan Pao City Police Department drove all the Chinese detained to the Heilongjiang River, falsely claiming to have crossed them across the river by boat. But there wasn't even a boat on the shore. When they reached the river, the Russian soldiers waved their swords and drove all the Chinese "all the way into the water." "While the women threw their children ashore and begged to spare at least their lives, the Russian soldiers grabbed the babies, put them on bayonets and cut them into pieces". A mother who "left her baby on the shore while she walked into the river herself", but after walking a few steps, came back and carried the child into the water, and finally had to go ashore to "drop off her precious child", and the inhumane Russian soldiers stabbed the child and his mother with a knife.
A Russian soldier who participated in the massacre described the entire course of the massacre:
"When we arrived in Blagoveshchensk, the eastern sky was red, and the water of the Heilongjiang River was like blood. The Russian army, armed with bayonets, surrounded the crowd, emptied the bank of the river, and constantly compressed the encirclement. The officers waved their swords and shouted frantically: 'Whoever does not obey the order, shoot immediately!' The crowd began to fall like an avalanche into the turbid currents of the Heilongjiang River. The crowd shouted like crazy, the sound shook the blue sky, and some wanted to desperately break away from the flow of people and drill out of the net; Some trampled on the women and babies who had been crushed and tried to escape. These men were either kicked into the air by the horse's hooves or stabbed to the ground by the cavalry's bayonets. Immediately, the Russian soldiers opened fire. The shouting, the crying, the gunshots, the angry screams were all mixed together, the misery was indescribable, it was a hellish scene"
Yang Jigong, the deputy capital of Aihui, wrote: "On the 21st (July 17th of the Gregorian calendar), at 11 o'clock in the afternoon, looking at the other side, the Russians drove countless overseas Chinese circles around the riverside, and the noise shook the wilderness. A closer look at the Russian soldiers each holding a knife and axe, slashing east and west, breaking corpses and bones, sonic shock sour nose, the seriously injured died on the shore, the lightly injured died in the river, and the uninjured were drowned, and the bones overflowed, covering the rivers and oceans."
Those who witnessed the massacre were "horrified and heartbroken." Even the slaughterers were condemned by conscience, and one Russian volunteer said, "The murderer is completely dehumanized, they are either devils or animals." It is possible to see such a tragic scene in the world,... It's a nightmare. If the people who were killed were men who were still able to struggle, it might not have been so miserable", but when "some mothers who were trying to escape with their babies in their arms were stabbed and crushed by babies who rolled out of their arms", "only those beasts that were completely inhuman could hold back!" ”
Zhang Yu looked at Trotsky, whose face was terrible, and said coldly: "These facts are our propaganda materials. And that's just 12 years from now. ”