Chapter 685: Yield of 30,000 catties per mu!

（0685）

Song Yingxing hesitated for a moment, and said slowly: "My lord, this collective farm is very good at present, the production efficiency is very high, and the enthusiasm of Tunding is also very high. However, after a long time, the production efficiency may decline, and the tunding may have other ideas. Without certain changes, the farm will not be able to survive for long. ”

Zhang Zhun said meaningfully: "Why? ”

Song Yingxing said bluntly: "The income of the Tunding is seriously disproportionate to their output. For example, the first farm, with an annual output of several million catties of grain, was only a few hundred thousand catties distributed to Tunding. The acquisition of Tunding is about 30% of the output. As for the other people who divide the fields into households, as long as they pay 40 catties of taxes per mu of land, the rest is their own, and the income is more than 80% of the output, and some even reach 90%. Such a big gap will definitely cause psychological imbalance among the tundings. ”

"As the old saying goes, you don't suffer from few, but you don't suffer from unevenness. The tunding of the farms, finding that their income and output are completely disproportionate, will certainly adopt all kinds of sabotage methods to destroy production. Even if there is a supervisor, there is no complete guarantee that the phenomenon of foreign workers will appear. Unless it is to increase their income by a large margin, so that their income is on par with the people outside. ”

Zhang Zhun nodded and said, "That's right, you see the essence of the problem. Because, the farm does not belong to Tunding, they just work passively, so after a long time, there is no enthusiasm. However, what if the ownership of the farm is slowly transferred to Tunding? Or, in all the farms, I implement a tax rate of 40 catties per acre? ”

Song Yingxing thought for a moment and said happily: "If this is the case, the time to maintain enthusiasm will be much longer." Probably, compared with the production of single-door and single-family households, large-scale farms still have certain advantages. Especially in times of difficulty, the farm has a greater ability to cope. ”

Zhang Zhun smiled and said, "That's right. I use the example of farms just to show that production methods such as farms can be extended to all fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fisheries. The lake is too big for one person to manage, so it doesn't matter, it can be operated by several households, or even dozens or hundreds of households. When going out to sea to fish, the family does not have enough money to buy a fishing boat, so they can join forces. ”

"As you said, there are too many inherent deficiencies in single-family operations, especially the ability to resist risks. Perhaps everyone has noticed that in the past ten years, the climate change in the country has been very bad, with a tendency to get colder and drier. It seems that the great drought in the north has lasted for several years, and we in Shandong have also been seriously affected. ”

"In the past, when an irrigation well was drilled, there was water coming out as long as it was about five zhang, but now it is necessary to drill at least ten zhang, and in some places, even if it is twenty zhang, there is no water source. This fully shows that if we continue to maintain the single-door and single-family business mode, it will be very difficult to face a more severe test. It costs at least 300 taels of silver to dig an irrigation well, which is something that ordinary peasant households simply cannot afford. ”

Xu Zhengming said a little puzzled: "What do adults mean, do you want big businesses to intervene?" ”

Zhang Zhun said slowly: "If there are big businesses to join, it will naturally be the best." If not, that's okay. The first money bank can be loaned. Of course, the loan is not to a private individual, but to a cooperative of multiple farmers. Perhaps, we can call it a cooperative. ”

Xu Zhengming frowned and said, "Loan...... What if something goes wrong and you can't repay the loan? Is it possible to arrest all the people who have taken out loans? This is going to cause ***, and please think twice about it. ”

Zhang Zhun said methodically: "Of course, this is risky. In this world, there is no such thing as making money without losing money. But I believe that there are still many talented people from all walks of life. As long as conditions permit, they will definitely be able to find their own way. As long as there are more people who make money than lose money, there is no risk in taking out a loan. ”

Song Yingxing said honestly: "Lord Dudu, your statement is a bit beyond your comprehension. I am afraid that this joint business model is not only something that the Department of Agricultural Sciences can handle, but also requires the Ministry of Government Affairs to issue relevant specific decrees. We, in the Department of Agricultural Sciences, are concerned with technical issues in production. ”

Zhang Zhun said: "That's true. The Metropolitan Governor's Office will issue detailed provisions on policy guidelines. As for the Department of Agricultural Sciences, it is mainly concerned with technological progress. Next, let's discuss the issue of crop rotation. ”

Song Yingxing said: "Okay! ”

For crop rotation, Song Yingxing is absolutely studied, and he has also written special works. Therefore, in this area, he has a full voice.

Actively develop intercropping, China as early as the first century B.C. in the Western Han Dynasty "The Book of Victory", there is a record of melon and bean intercropping. The book "Qi Min Yaoshu", which appeared in the sixth century AD, clearly describes the experience of intercropping mulberry with mung beans or adzuki beans, and between green onions and coriander. After the Song Dynasty, wheat-bean intercropping and cotton-potato intercropping have been more common, and intercropping of other crops has also been developed.

Intercropping of crops includes intercropping of tall and short crops and intercropping of different crop types, such as intercropping of grain crops and cash crops, green manure crops, forage crops and other types. The most common intercropping is wheat and broad beans, sugarcane and peanuts and soybeans, sorghum and millet intercropping. In forest-grain intercropping, mulberry, fruit trees or paulownia are mostly intercropped with annual crops.

What Zhang asked Song Yingxing to study was the intercropping between foreign crops such as corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes, and native crops such as rice, wheat, and beans. This is a completely new topic, and Song Yingxing and his team need to devote a lot of energy to research. In his previous life, Zhang Zhun was born in a worker's family, and he was not very clear about specific agricultural production.

However, Song Yingxing's reaction was obviously a little strange and a little disapproving. Obviously, he doesn't care much about foreign crop varieties such as corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes. In his view, as long as we do a good job in planting local crops, it will be enough to meet the needs of the whole country. To be more precise, it is enough to do a good job in the cultivation of rice, wheat and beans.

There is no doubt that Song Yingxing has considerable knowledge and has very in-depth research in agricultural production. However, after all, he was an orthodox scholar, and his thinking was still influenced by some Confucianism, such as the Celestial Empire's serious nationalism, self-containment, and rejection of foreign things. He even looked down on growing cash crops. In the past, some people used the fields to plant sugarcane and the like, and they were strongly criticized by Song Yingxing, and there was a big storm for this.

Zhang Zhun observed his words and felt that Song Yingxing's thinking really needed to be explored. Excessive ego is very detrimental to his growth. After pondering for a moment, Zhang Zhun said slowly: "Corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes are all good things, and they should be fully promoted." These three crops look inconspicuous, but in fact, the vitality is very tenacious, and drought resistance, in the field, in front of the house, in front of the house, in the front yard, in the mountains, forests, and fields, can be planted, and will not compete with traditional crops for the field. ”

"Perhaps, the taste of these crops is still a little unaccustomed to everyone. I know some people say that corn tastes weird, sweet potatoes don't taste good, and potatoes don't know how to eat them. However, we must tell everyone that these are real foods that can meet the needs of the human body. When the famine comes, it is always better than the grassroots and Guanyin soil. ”

Speaking of this, Zhang Zhun's tone gradually deepened, and he said coldly: "Maybe you don't know the situation outside, so you don't feel the urgency of promoting these foreign crops. I'm telling you now, the situation out there is very unoptimistic. ”

"The long-term war and long-term drought have led to the barrenness of large areas of land, and this year's grain output will inevitably be greatly reduced. Without food, there will be large groups of victims. I estimate that there will be a large influx of victims into Shandong by then. If we don't have enough food relief, we're going to mess ourselves. ”

"However, rice and wheat, two major crops, are unlikely to increase yields too much at once. Therefore, we still have to work on other aspects. Especially in corn, sweet potatoes, and potatoes. Song Yingxing, you are very experienced in the study of rice and wheat, and I hope you can concentrate on the study of these three crops. ”

Song Yingxing said a little reluctantly: "Follow your orders." ”

He did have a bit of a rejection of exotic crops. He has had this kind of thinking since he was a child, and he did not form it when he grew up. In his opinion, the things of the ancestors cannot be lost. Even the things of the ancestors are not really valued, and they think about foreign crops all day long, so what is the matter? It's serious to do your job well!

Zhang Zhun thought for a while and said slowly: "Song Yingxing, let me tell you, the highest yield of corn can reach two thousand catties per mu......"

Song Yingxing lost his voice and said, "What? Two thousand pounds? ”

No wonder he had such a big reaction. At that time, the highest grain yield per mu was the best rice field in the south of the Yangtze River, with a yield of more than 500 catties per mu. The average paddy field is about 400 catties. In the Yellow River Valley, the yield of rice is even lower, usually only 300 catties, and some are even less than 300 catties. As for the yield per mu of wheat, it is generally about 300 catties. The yield of this corn can reach 2,000 catties per mu, which is really terrifying.

If the yield of corn per mu can reach 2,000 catties, Qingzhou has a total of more than 3 million mu of fields, plus the land in the mountainous areas, more than 10 million mu, which can be used to grow corn. Two thousand catties per mu, 10 million mu, is enough...... Song Yingxing felt that his thinking was a little unable to keep up, and he even felt a little suffocated in his mind.

When Zhang Zhun saw Song Yingxing's surprised expression, he knew that he had frightened this agricultural scientist of the Ming Dynasty. It is no wonder that the yield of corn per mu is 2,000 catties, which was only reached after 400 years. This number is basically the number of the experimental field. In order to achieve this yield, the seeds of corn have been carefully cultivated and the production process has been fully supervised to have such an amazing yield. In the Ming Dynasty, two thousand catties would definitely not be reached, and five hundred catties would be very good.

However, Zhang Zhun decided not to expose the hidden secrets. He decided to use this number to stimulate Song Yingxing, so that Song Yingxing's somewhat ignorant and arrogant thoughts appeared cracks. He has expectations for Song Yingxing, has expectations, and puts a little pressure on him. Corn is a crop from outside, we Chinese are good at everything, just not good at all, the thinking of the Heavenly Empire is very serious, reflected in agricultural production, only pay attention to food crops, only value grains, everything else is despised. It is natural for corn, an alien new creature, to be treated with contempt.

Seriously, corn has been in China for at least 30 years. In the early years of Wanli, with the liberalization of maritime trade, corn was introduced to Fujian and other places. The local government in Fujian also promoted planting on a small scale at the beginning. But why can't such a good thing be popularized quickly in later generations? There are only two reasons.

The first is corn at that time, the yield is actually not good, compared with rice and wheat, there is no advantage at all. Generally, the corn yield in front of and behind the house is only about 200 catties. Therefore, it is impossible to get the people to plant corn instead of rice and wheat. The second is that corn is not very tasty. Corn that has not been improved is indeed difficult to eat. When corn first came in, the local people in Fujian used corn to feed chickens and pigs, and people didn't eat it at all.

Well, it's all a matter of psychological habitual thinking. It's like the tomato back then, which has always been considered poisonous, and no one dares to eat it, and it has been attached to a variety of absurd colors. In fact, as long as everyone accepts the existence of corn, its taste will be much better.

Zhang Zhun wants to vigorously promote corn, which is indispensable to the efforts of the Department of Agricultural Sciences. The efforts of the Department of Agricultural Sciences have two directions. The first is to actively improve the variety of corn and increase the yield of corn. Corn with a yield of only 300 catties per mu must be spurned. However, if the yield per mu exceeds 500 catties, there will be more people who will accept it. If the yield per mu exceeds 600 catties, without the compulsion of the tiger army, the people themselves will actively plant.

The second is to actively improve the taste of corn. Taste is really difficult to figure out. In fact, in Zhang Zhun's view, the current corn does not seem to be very difficult to eat. At least, he thought it tasted okay. However, the people did not like it, and he could not force it. He can't say, 'If you don't eat corn, I'll take you all together.'"

Zhang Zhun asked the Department of Agricultural Science to vigorously promote corn, hoping to give the people a strong psychological hint, thinking that the Tiger Benjun vigorously promoted corn, and they should follow the trend and accept the existence of corn as a crop. Because, in the past two years, as long as the people who follow in the footsteps of the Tiger Ben Army, they have made great progress. On the contrary, if you don't listen to the Tiger Army, the end will be very bad.

Zhang Zhun smiled and said slowly: "Actually, the yield of corn is nothing, and the yield of sweet potatoes is the most terrible." In many places, sweet potatoes can be grown twice a year. The annual output of sweet potatoes in one acre of land adds up to more than 20,000 catties! ”

This time, even Xu Zhengming was dumbfounded.

20,000 catties!

What is this concept?

Did Zhang Zhun say the wrong word?

Two hundred catties is about the same, God, it's still 20,000 catties!

[Author's note: The yield of sweet potatoes is indeed very high, and the historical record is more than 30,000 catties. In general, it is about 20,000 catties. In most places, it is planted in spring and summer. 】

Zhang Zhun said affirmatively: "I'm not bragging, this is data that has been proven by practice." The highest yield per mu of sweet potatoes has actually exceeded 30,000 catties. Of course, with our current technical conditions, we can't do it for the time being. However, as long as we work hard and spare no effort to cultivate good seeds and improve cultivation methods, it is not impossible to reach half of this figure. ”

Song Yingxing and Xu Zhengming, you look at me, I look at you, I think it's incredible. The yield per mu is 20,000 catties, which is completely unimaginable. However, what Zhang Zhun said is clear-eyed, and it seems that there is indeed such a thing. I have to say that this number really stimulates the two of them.

After a long while, Song Yingxing asked with difficulty: "Lord Dudu, aren't you talking about it?" Sweet potatoes, so magical? ”

He was indeed too skeptical of this number, so when he spoke, he was a little unpolite. In fact, Song Yingxing is not a figure who is too willing to bend his waist to deal with the powerful, otherwise, he would not even be able to mix up a high-grade position.

Zhang Zhun said affirmatively: "I'm not lying, you can try it yourself." There are two things to note about your attempt. First, we need to breed as many high-yielding varieties as possible. The second point is to monitor the entire production process. ”

Song Yingxing gritted his teeth lightly and said slowly: "Lord Dudu, if what you say is true, I will definitely work hard to verify it." ”

Zhang Zhun continued: "Actually, sweet potatoes are really a good thing. Sweet potatoes can be eaten on their own, as well as on the stems and leaves. People can eat it, and so can livestock. In good years, it can be used to feed livestock, increase the production of pigs, cattle and sheep, and enrich the market. In times of famine, it is the staple food of men. ”

"Don't look at this sweet potato as inconspicuous, if it is done well, it will be equivalent to the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fishery. Now, in the homes of ordinary people, there is no guarantee of food for people to eat, where will the food come from to feed poultry and livestock? However, if there is a large amount of sweet potatoes, corn, potatoes, etc., feed poultry and livestock, there is a guarantee. ”

Song Yingxing nodded vigorously.

He was very skeptical of Zhang Zhun's words, but he had a strange feeling, as if Zhang Zhun's words were indeed true. He made up his mind that he must seriously verify whether Zhang Zhun's statement is a lie or a basis.

Seeing that Zhang Zhun had something to do, Lao Tiantou said goodbye and left.

Zhang Zhun nodded and said, "You guys go first." Xu Zhengming, you stay, I have something to talk to you about alone. ”

[Today's second update is delivered! ] 】