However, due to the relatively weak foundation of the Tohoku, the members of the Tohoku Revival Association received orders to hide and develop, develop secretly, and wait for the opportunity. www.biquge.info Yuan Shikai used the army in the Northeast as a bargaining chip, and the Revival Association did not want to use the Northeast to win in one fell swoop.

Although the three northeastern provinces are the birthplace of the Manchus, there are not many bannermen who really fought to the end for the Manchus. Even in the interior provinces of the country, most of the garrison flag soldiers under the command of Manchu officers reached an agreement with the revolutionary army to lay down their arms, except for a few battles in Xi'an and Nanjing. Although this also had the discipline and propaganda of the revolutionary army not to kill indiscriminately, it was also not unrelated to the decadence and end of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

For the upper-class princes and nobles, most of the Manchu princes and ministers who had supported the Boxer Rebellion, some of whom had their families killed or committed suicide after the destruction of Beijing, and those who fled from Beijing were also included in the list of culprits by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and were ordered by the Empress Dowager Cixi to be killed or exiled and confiscated.

Although most of these princes and nobles supported the Boxer Rebellion out of ignorance or court political struggles, the Empress Dowager Cixi's practice of punishing them one by one according to the list issued by foreigners undoubtedly greatly damaged the prestige of Qing rule. A few wanted princes held grudges and went into seclusion, and during the revolution they also participated in the movement to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. For example, Duanwang Zaiyi hid in the Dingyuan camp in Ningxia and prepared to unite with the elders to attack the city. It can be seen from this that after the Gengzi Revolution, there are very few people in the upper echelons of the Manchu princes and nobles who are really loyal to the Qing Dynasty.

For ordinary Manchu people, especially Northeast China and Beijing, where Manchus live, they suffered four catastrophes in just 10 years: the First Sino-Japanese War, the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, the occupation of the entire Northeast by Tsarist Russia, and the Russo-Japanese War. The first three Qing governments all began with chaotic organized resistance, ended with kneeling and surrendering, and even punished Manchu officers and soldiers who participated in the resistance to aggression. And the last time he didn't even make a gesture of resistance, this had to make the Manchu people think about whether a regime that could not protect their homeland at all had any value in existing.

Furthermore. Due to the existence of the Eight Banners system, the restrictions on the freedom of movement of the Manchu people were more serious than those of the Han people. The fall of the Qing Dynasty meant that for the middle and lower classes of the Manchu people, there was nothing to lose in terms of political status and economic interests. Politically and legally. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the New Deal had abolished the privileges of the bannermen. From an economic point of view, the average banner people get a fixed amount of money and grain, which is equivalent to the subsistence allowance of later generations, which is increasingly embarrassing in the increasingly developed commodity economy and society.

The Revival Society had previously published a program to "expel the Tatars," but later explained in its publications that it was against the corrupt aristocratic rulers of the Qing Dynasty, not the Manchus as a whole. Moreover, for the Manchurian and Mongolian members who attracted sympathy and support for the revolution. It is also quite positive and does not discriminate and close the door. These measures gradually resonated with the intellectuals of the Manchu and Mongolian nationalities who were exposed to the new ideas, and they became increasingly desperate for the Qing court and finally embarked on the revolutionary road.

Sooner or later, the fruits of revival will slowly accumulate and will have explosive energy.

After the war between Japan and Russia, Zhang Rong, a young Manchu, went to Xingjing Hall (now Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning) and Hailong, Jilin to organize self-defense troops to defend his hometown and fight against Japan and Russia with arms. And issued a declaration in the name of the "Northeast Three Provinces Defense Office": "The survival of the country depends on this policy." It is good; Even if it fails, it will also thwart the ambition of a strong neighbor and provide support for the government. He was later arrested and imprisoned by the Qing court.

In 1908, Zhang Rong was released from prison and fled to Japan, where he joined the Revival Society. Engage in revolutionary activities. Before the Fuxing Society took action, it was sent to the Northeast. Zhang Rong, together with revolutionaries Zhang Genren and Liu Danian, established a nominal constitutionalist organization, the Fengtian United Rapid Advancement Association, which was attended by many people from all walks of life.

But their secret purpose was: "To respond to the south, contain the forces of the northern army, so that the Qing emperor does not dare to return to the east." Zhang Rong was elected president. Liu Danian and others were vice presidents, plotting an armed uprising. They sent people to Liaoyang, Haicheng, Hailong, and Xingjing to secretly exercise military and police and organize the people's army, and more than 10,000 people joined the people's army, which had a certain military strength.

And Zhang Shaozeng, the chief superintendent of the Coaching Office of the Zhili Supervision and Training Office, and Lan Tianwei, the commander of the Third Mixed Association stationed in Fengtian, are all friends of Wu Luzhen and are known as the three heroes of non-commissioned officers. After Wu Luzhen secretly joined the Revival Society, he was persuaded by his letters, and also secretly joined, waiting for the opportunity to launch an uprising.

Lan Tianwei and Zhang Shaozeng, on the other hand, reported to Xu Shichang by negotiating with the Japanese on the issue of the island, saying that the border defense forces were insufficient, and that they had not only organized a large number of civilian troops in the local area, but also recruited a civilian armed force stationed in the Pijiagou gold mine, and their military strength was also considerable.

Speaking of the history of the Majima negotiations and this civilian armed force, it has to be pushed back to a few years ago.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the winding and undulating Changbai Mountain area was regarded as the "Land of Longxing" by the imperial relatives of the Qing Dynasty, and the north bank of the vast Tumen River was once uninhabited due to the forbidden mountain enclosure. Since 1896, the area around Jongseong in North Korea on the south bank of the Tumen River has experienced a rare year, and a large number of victims have crossed the river to make a living. Although the Qing government obstructed it, it had no choice but to let Han Min live in Yanbian because of "the sky is high and the emperor is far away".

In the early years of Guangxu, the Qing court was forced to abolish the old system of forbidden mountain enclosures based on this fait accompli, and implemented the policy of "immigrating to the real border", setting up a government in Yanji to control and appoint officials to govern; In addition, reclamation bureaus were set up in Nangang, Hunchun, and other places in Jilin Province to recruit the Chinese and North Korean people to open up wasteland and cultivate crops, and collect a certain amount of rent and silver every year.

However, the Han people who make a living from the reclamation are not very "peaceful". In 1881, Han Min privately dug a ditch on the north bank of the Tumen River to make the river water outflow, so that the "Jiajiang" beach in the middle of the diversion of the river appeared. In 1903, North Korean official Li Fanyun sent a letter to the Qing Dynasty Reclamation Bureau, pointing out that the beach of the Jiajiang River was "Jian Dao", and since then it has been called "Jian Dao".

In 1905, Japan and Russia signed the Treaty of Portsmouth, which recognized Japan's privileges over Korea. In November of the same year, Japan forced Korea to sign the "Japan-South Korea Protection Treaty," and Korea had actually become a Japanese colony, and Japan's magnificent territory expanded from the three islands in the sea to the East Asian continent south of the Tumen River, facing China across the river. In turn, the Japanese aggressors turned their greedy eyes on the northeast of our country.

In the spring of 1906, Ito Hirobumi was appointed as the first Korean governor appointed by the Japanese emperor to extend his claws to the Yanbian region of China. So under his plan, his subordinate Saito led a group of people to infiltrate the Yanbian area, posing as tourists or businessmen in northeastern China. They first secretly crossed the Tumen River and entered the Jiajiang beach in front of Guangji Valley in China. Then he went to Yanbian's Juzi Street (now Yanji City), Laotougou, Toudaogou and other places to spy on the virtual reality.

After months of reconnaissance, Saito returned to North Korea and reported the information he had gathered to Hirobumi Ito. Ito was intrigued by the sandwich beach, even though it was only the size of a fingernail on Saito's sketches. Ito, however, drew a big circle on the sketch -- this guy's ambition is really not small, and most of the counties of Yanji, Wangqing, Helong, and Hunchun in Jilin Province have become "islands." The next step is simply to consider the question of how to turn it into a "second North Korea."

Moreover, he told Saito that "Majima" was the "lifeline" of the Japanese Empire, and it was all that we needed to "protect." A so-called "interma" issue was concocted in this way.

In July 1907, Japan and Russia signed the "Japan-Russia Entente" in Petersburg, the capital of Russia, and on the same day they also signed the "Japan-Russia Secret Treaty" aimed at carving up the three northeastern provinces of China. Thinking that the conditions were ripe, Ito Hirobumi immediately sent a telegram to Saito Kijiro in August, ordering him to set out from Hoerin and lead the Japanese military police into Yanbian, China.

At the same time, the Qing government received a note from the Japanese Minister to China, Abe Shotaro: "It is a note. According to the instructions of the Imperial Government, the island is Chinese territory or the territory of the DPRK, which has not been resolved for a long time, and there are more than 100,000 Korean people in this place, who have been abused by horse thieves and scoundrels. To avoid misunderstanding! ”

The Qing government suddenly received a note and immediately panicked. It has not waited for the Chinese side to negotiate to stop it. On the Japanese side, Saito Kijiro has already led a large number of armed military policemen to forcibly cross the Tumen River and enter the Yanbian area of our country for several tens of miles, and hang up a sign reading "Temporary Hedao Police Station of the Unified Supervision Office" in the compound of Cheng Guangdi, the owner of the Tianbao Mine in Longjing Village.

In the Yanbian area, Saito Kijiro demarcated five districts, including Huiningjian Island, Zhongchengjian Island, and Moyamama Island, and set up 14 military police detachment posts in important places such as Juzi Street and Toudaogou, covering an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers. Officials were divided into territories and issued orders, as if they had become a foreign government within China.

The Qing government replied to Japanese Minister Shotaro Abe through diplomatic channels, solemnly stating that the so-called "Majima" issue was purely illusory and that it was beyond reproach that it was Chinese territory. However, the Japanese side has ignored the reply to its request for withdrawal. Due to the weak garrison of the Qing army in Yanbian at that time, it was no longer possible to forcibly expel them by force, so the public appearance of this foreign political power on Chinese territory became a peculiar thing that shocked the international community and embarrassed the Chinese people.

At that time, Zhang Shaozeng, who was ordered to come to negotiate, felt most troubled by the border guards in Yanji. At that time, Yanji only had a few battalions of Jiqiang's army, and there were less than 200 horse infantry around him.

In order to fight against the Japanese invaders, Zhang Shaozeng borrowed troops from Lan Tianwei, first protected the Longyu Yamen, and instructed the local governor not to leave his post and handle affairs as usual; At the same time, notices were posted all over Yanji to expose the aggression of Saito and his gang and pacify the local people. It also organized the people's army, and concentrated the limited forces to deploy defenses at the river crossings to prevent the continued invasion of the Japanese army; Manpower was also deployed to maintain law and order to prevent emergencies from creating a pretext for the Japanese invasion.

Saito thought that he would win by means of a sneak attack to occupy Yanbiangong, but unexpectedly, he was stubbornly resisted by the local military and civilians, so he did not dare to take further rash action, and his plan to continue to expand the "war results" was also ruined. The two sides were at a stalemate for a while.

At this time, Zhang Shaozeng and Lan Tianwei were not easy, he knew that the Japanese would not give up. He kept writing to the Qing government, urging the Japanese army to press the border, the disparity between the strength of the enemy and us, and the situation was very grim, and he asked the Qing government to send reinforcements. However, the corrupt Qing court feared anger against the Japanese, leading to foreign negotiations and exacerbating the conflict. Therefore, Wu Luzhen's reply was only an edict to "be prudent and peaceful" and "maintain calmness."

Zhang Shaozeng was forced to have no choice but to expand his armed forces, so he contacted a civilian armed force stationed in the Pijiagou gold mine, with two or three thousand people.

Jiapigou is located in the southeast of Huadian County, Jilin Province, since the last year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1854), the three generations of ancestors and grandchildren who are called "Han Bianwai" have offended the prohibition of the Qing court, and led the crowd to dig for gold and reclamation here, organized the armament, and the power has gradually increased.

Due to the remoteness of the gold mine, the officers and soldiers were unable to attack, so the local government had to adopt the method of pacification, and appointed the then leader Han Xianzong with an official position, and later granted Han Dengju, the grandson of Xianzong, the position of garrison, and soon promoted to the position of capital secretary. However, although Han Dengju accepted the official position, he was not subject to the control of the Qing government, and still gathered in the mountains and forests and monopolized one side.

This armed force has also become a problem for the Japanese, because most of them are from Orion and have accurate marksmanship, and if they really want to use force, they may not necessarily get a bargain. For this reason, the Japanese infiltrated the area of Jiapigou many times, using both soft and hard methods, in an attempt to force Han Dengju to submit, but Han categorically refused.

Although Han Dengju belongs to the green forest, he has national righteousness in his heart. At the moment when the enemy is present, he is willing to obey the command and pull a horse (alliance) with the officers and soldiers. Under the leadership of Han Dengju, this armed force immediately drove to the vicinity of Juzi Street and stationed down.

At the end of 1907, the Chinese side made its first representations with the Japanese in a local temple. When Saito Kijiro came to the temple, he saw dragon flags waving around him, and thousands of Chinese officers and soldiers with loaded guns and ammunition lined up in a dense phalanx, standing in front of and behind the mountain. Although the costumes are not neat, their formations are majestic and full of energy. Saito and his gang were very surprised, they did not know where these Chinese officers and soldiers came from.

Under the stern interrogation of Zhang Shaozeng and others, Saito was exhausted, and he understood the situation and strength of the Chinese side, and knew that it would be difficult for him to succeed in further action for a while, so he had to find a step by himself, and then withdrew from the meeting in a huff.

The issue of Majima remained unresolved, and the Japanese were undeadly thieves, and they were ultimately sick of their hearts. If the country is in turmoil, it is difficult to guarantee that the Japanese people will not be ready to move.

In addition, the armed forces that nominally belonged to the Qing court in the northeast at that time also included Wu Junsheng, the commander of the rear road patrol battalion stationed in Tongliao, Zhang Zuolin, the front road commander of the front road patrol battalion in Taonan, Feng Delin, the commander of the left road patrol battalion in southern Liaoning, and Ma Longtan, the commander of the right road patrol battalion in Tonghua. The patrol battalions in the northeast are not as good as those in the interior, and most of them arose during the Russo-Japanese War, and after that, they fought against Mongolian bandits and beards for a long time, and they were still very combative.

But these people also have a characteristic, that is, they are all born in the green forest, and they are very good at survival. (To be continued.) )