The revolution at the end of the Qing Dynasty had a distinct characteristic, that is, most revolutionaries only blindly emphasized the massacre of the Han people by the Qing soldiers in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the harsh rule of the early Qing monarchs, in order to arouse people's hatred of the Qing Dynasty, in other words, to fill or overthrow the Qing court as the ultimate goal. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Although the slogan and goal of the revolution is more incendiary, it also fails because it disguises the real purpose of the revolution - to overthrow the autocratic structure, to make the country strong and self-reliant, and to enable the people to enjoy freedom and escape poverty.

Moreover, simply for the purpose of filling up, where is the fullness? Isn't it easy to be exploited by evil neighbors with ulterior motives, and there is a danger of being annexed and invaded?

In fact, Chen Wenqiang is not a revolutionary theoretician, and he may not think so deeply, because his background is not particularly familiar with Chinese history. But the biggest difference between him and the revolutionaries of his time was that he was a little less passionate and a little more cautious. He often thought about it before doing it, while the revolutionaries at that time did it first and then talked about it.

This may be a merit or a flaw, but in addition to affirming the "Revolutionary Army", his opinions are also pertinent and objective.

"Wen Qiang, you are a bit of a reproach, and it is not correct." Charlie Song saw that Zou Rong's expression was wrong, and hurriedly said: "This kind of good text must be studied carefully, how can it be lightly cut with a sweep." ”

Chen Wenqiang was stunned for a moment and said: "I read quickly, which doesn't mean that I am not serious. Brother Charlie, look here, 'Punish five million Manchurian species with strange hairy horns', isn't it extreme? And here, 'expel the Manchurians who live in China, or kill them for revenge'. Where is this to expel the Manchurians? If it is Manchuria, no, it should be called the three eastern provinces. Doesn't that mean that the three eastern provinces are not the land of China? ”

"Mr. Chen said so, so the slogan of expelling the Tartars and restoring China is not appropriate?" Zou Rong said with some displeasure.

"These two sentences should have been put forward by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, right?" Chen Wenqiang thought for a while and said: "The age is old, things are people, the situation is different, whether it is appropriate or not is naturally up for discussion." But in my opinion, it would be more correct and more vigorous to define revolution as a political revolution, an ideological revolution, rather than a racial revolution. Brother Zou Rong, do you think that the revolution is just a simple change of dynasty, or is it what ordinary people think is anti-Qing and Mingming? ”

Zou Rong glared at Chen Wenqiang, and suddenly found that although he was not convinced, it was not so easy to refute. I said in "Revolutionary Army" that I wanted to establish the Republic of China, how could I agree with any feudal slogans against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty.

Hehe, Chen Wenqiang smiled at Zou Rong and said sincerely: "Don't hide it, the manuscript doesn't have to be changed, the purpose of the two of you looking for me, I also understand, I will find a way to publish this book in the newspaper." But I should also be honest about my personal opinions and opinions to show my attitude towards my friends. Sometimes it's not a bad thing to listen to bad words, what do you say? ”

"Be open-minded and outspoken, and so should your friends." Charlie Song praised with a smile, patted Zou Rong's shoulder, and said, "Brother Zou Rong, Wen Qiang recognized you as a friend, what about you, don't have that heart and belly." ”

Zou Rong smiled a little embarrassedly and said, "How dare Rong be so arrogant, he can't listen to the slightest criticism." ”

Chen Wenqiang nodded, his eyes moved to the manuscript again, and he sighed softly while reading: "Without the most painful feeling, you can't make such a heart-rending cry." After a pause, he raised his head thoughtfully, stared at Zou Rong and said slowly: "Brother Zou has some writing, but it gave me an idea. ”

After the First Sino-Japanese War, the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the old empire, was in turmoil and survived. The whole country has learned from the pain and is already seeking "change", and there is an internal situation in which poverty changes and external pressure from the great powers. Enlightened intellectuals, centered in Shanghai and Hong Kong, advocated a reform of the law. There were also one or two special ministers in the Qing court, who advocated innovation; In the past, there were Guo Songtao, Zeng Jize, and later Xue Fucheng, etc., all of whom believed that the world was changing day by day, and the law of governing the world must adapt to the trend.

However, the reformers had different opinions, and each of them put up a set of things to support their ideas for reform, which can be divided into two categories: one is political revolution, that is, regardless of whether the government is Manchu or Han, but only seeks to reform politics, enrich the country and strengthen the army; The other type is the ethnic revolution, which resolutely rejects Manchu and anti-Manchu and is determined to restore the Hanjia rivers and mountains.

However, these two groups of figures also have one thing in common, that is, they are both indirectly or directly influenced by Western culture. One is of course modeled after the British constitutional system, and the other is modeled after the republican system of France and the United States. However, according to Chen Wenqiang, these two factions have only learned the skin of some Western countries, so they have to transplant them bluntly, which really lacks both theoretical basis and practical foundation.

"Up to now, China has not had a single book that systematically introduces the West and studies the West! Most people are still holding Wei Yuan's "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom", which not only involves some of the skins of the West, but more importantly, there are many fallacies. Chen Wenqiang shook his head lightly regretfully, "I once wanted to write a book to systematically introduce books from Western countries. The constitutional monarchy system of the United Kingdom, the United States of America system, and the French republic system, how to origin, historical inheritance, national customs, military characteristics, geography and culture, hope to show in front of the Chinese people, and play a guiding role in the prosperity and self-reliance of the country and nation. However, I have not had enough time and knowledge, and it has been difficult to complete it. As he spoke, he focused his hopeful gaze on Zou Rong.

"Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson of China?" Charlie Song asked with some excitement and some confusion.

"Sort of!" Chen Wenqiang thought for a while and said, "I know that Brother Charlie is a faithful believer in Lincoln, and he envies and wants to learn from the United States. However, the occurrence of any major social event is not out of nowhere, and they all have their own deep background, which may reflect a long historical process. This was by no means something that could be achieved simply by overthrowing the Manchus. You must know that without a clear mind and a guiding light, no matter how fast your steps are, you will go crooked; Without cautious pace, without enduring perseverance, even the smoothest road will fall. ”

"Wen Qiang is saying that because of the different historical backgrounds, the republican system of the United States is not suitable for China?" Charlie Song is supposed to be an idealist, but also a sweaty type, impulsive, with wide eyes and a posture that seems to have a debate.

"Whether it is suitable or not, you need to study and analyze before you can draw conclusions." Chen Wenqiang avoided the important and did not draw conclusions easily, "It's a pity that no one can be patient and engage in this seemingly boring theoretical research." Alas, what a pity! ”

After a short silence, Charlie Song suddenly looked at the thoughtful Zou Rong and said: "Brother Zou Rong, I hope you can pick up this burden and sort out and summarize the systematic theory, which is not only the guiding light of the revolution, but also a heavy blow to those constitutional monarchists." Let everyone see that the democratic republic is not just a slogan and a bluffing signboard, but also a deeper thinking and comparison. ”

"I—" Zou Rong hesitated, "I'm afraid that I don't have enough knowledge and have a heavy trust." ”

"It's not just you, it's a small group." Chen Wenqiang hurriedly interjected, "I will invite many revolutionaries who are like-minded with Zou Rong's brother to form a set of systematic revolutionary theories in research and discussion to build China's Franklin." ”

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