After the Central Army sent troops to Russia in a big way, Poland, which had long had irreconcilable contradictions with Russia, also began to launch the largest offensive against Russia under the command of their head of state and commander-in-chief Posudski!

The famous Polish-Soviet War broke out!

Winston. Churchill said: "The war of the giants is over, and the war of the gnomes has just begun." ”

After World War I, every border in Poland was not calm. Posudski said of Poland's future borders: "All the territories we can acquire in the west depend on the Entente—to the point where we can crush Germany," and in the east "there are several open and closed doors, and the opening and closing of these gates is related to those who force them to be opened, and to the extent to which they themselves are opened." ”

In 1918, the Polish army fought Ukraine in eastern Poland, and this war became the Polish-Ukrainian war. Posudski realized that the Bolsheviks were not allies of Poland alone, and that there would be a war between the two. Posudski saw the westward advance of the Bolsheviks as the main problem.

Because the Polish army advanced eastward, Soviet Russia re-marched westward, the war between Poland and the Soviet Union was rekindled, and the conflict intensified. Petliura signed a military agreement that allowed the two countries to fight together against the Russian Soviet Union and the Socialist Republic.

The two men signed the Polish-Ukrainian Treaty in order to establish an independent Ukraine and to allow Ukraine to unite with Poland. In return, Petliura renounced Ukraine's territorial claims to Eastern Galicia, so he was rebuked by the Ukrainian leaders of Eastern Galicia.

At the beginning of 1919, when the Polish and Soviet armies had not yet received orders from their respective governments, the Poles in Vilnius organized their own troops and exchanged fire with the Bolshevik army for control of the territory. In the end, the more organized Soviet and Russian forces won, forcing the Poles to retreat westward.

On January 5, 1919, the Russian Red Army entered Minsk and encountered almost no resistance, and the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic and the collapse of the country. At the same time, more and more Polish local armed forces entered Belarus and Lithuania and exchanged fire with local pro-Bolshevik groups. The newly formed Polish Army began to send troops to the east to support the local armaments, while the Russians also increased their troops to the west.

In the spring of 1919, Soviet Russia passed conscription and formed the 2.3 million Russian Red Army. Since most of the Russian Red Army was engaged in the civil war, only a few were sent to the west that year; In February 1919, the Western Group had only 46,000 troops. In February 1919, the Polish Army had a total of 110,000 troops, and in April it was expanded to 170,000 troops, of which 80,000 were combat units. By September 1919, the Polish Army had 540,000 men, of which 230,000 were on the Russian front.

By 14 February, the Poles had established a stronghold along the Neman River. On about 14 February, the Polish army met the vanguard of the Russian Red Army, which retreated without firing a single shot. From Lithuania, the front line stretching through Belarus to Ukraine is gradually forming.

The first large-scale assault occurred around 14-16 February. In late February, Soviet troops stopped advancing. The Polish army, together with the Soviet army, fought against the Ukrainians at the same time.

At the beginning of March 1919, the Polish army launched an offensive, crossed the Neman River, captured Pinsk, and reached the periphery of Lida. In April, the Bolsheviks captured Grodno, but soon after they were driven out by Polish troops.

The Polish army continued its eastward advance, capturing Lida on 17 April, Novogrudok on 18 April, and retaking Vilnius on 19 April, driving the Lithuanian-Belarusian Republic and state power away from its claimed capital. On 8 August, the Polish army captured Minsk, and on the 28th of the same month, the first battle in Tank. After a fierce battle, Bobruisk, near the Berezina River, was captured by Polish troops. By 2 October, the Polish army had reached the Daugava River and controlled the area from the Desna River to Daugavpils.

By the beginning of 1920, the progress of the Polish army was generally smooth.

Since the Soviet Russian Red Army needed to use its main forces against the White Army, it had to gradually retreat on the western front from Latoviya in the north to Ukraine in the south. …,

In the early summer of 1919, when the White Army had gained the upper hand in the Russian Civil War and advanced on Moscow, Połsudski believed that the White Army was a greater threat to Poland than the Bolsheviks, because the White Russians did not want to accept Polish independence, and the Bolsheviks at least declared the partition of Poland null and void.

Ignoring the pressure of the Allies and refusing to participate in the overthrow of the Bolshevik government, Posudski saved the Bolshevik government in the summer and autumn of 1919.

In 1919, various Polish and Russian factions engaged in several unsuccessful efforts to negotiate peace. At the same time, due to the difficulty of the Polish politicians in accepting Lithuania's independence and territorial claims, especially the abandonment of Vilnius, relations between Poland and Lithuania deteriorated, and the Polish negotiating table advanced relations with the Provisional Government of Lapotville, and in late 1919 and early 1920, Poland and the Latovia army carried out joint operations against Russia:

"Operation Zima".

Poland and the exiled Ukrainian people, leader of the righteous people, Simon. Petliura signed the Warsaw Pact on 21 April 1920. Petliura of the Ukrainian People's Republic, along with some Ukrainian troops, fled to Poland for refuge after the defeat of the Bolsheviks, and was able to control only a small area near the Polish border. According to the agreement between Petliura and Posudski, Petliura agreed to Poland's territorial claims to Western Ukraine, and Poland and Ukraine would use the Zbruk River as the state border between the two countries in the future. Petliura received a Polish promise of Ukrainian independence, and Poland would provide military support to help his government return to Kyiv.

The two immediately confronted the local backlash. Posudski was strongly opposed by the nationalist nationalists in the country, who opposed the independence of Ukraine. Petliura was also criticized by many Ukrainian politicians for his alliance with Poland and the abandonment of Western Ukraine.

The alliance with Petlira led to the start of the campaign with 15,000 pro-Polish Ukrainian troops, which increased to 35,000 during the war after recruiting and absorbing deserters who had broken away from the Russian forces.

In the end, however, this force was not enough to fulfill Petliura's desire for Ukrainian independence, or Połsudski's dream of his Miedzymorze alliance to have a Ukrainian alliance.

By the beginning of 1920, the Russian Red Army had already defeated the White Army, Denikin had failed, and peace treaties were signed with Lapotvi and Estonia. The Polish front became the most important battlefield for the Russian Red Army, and Russia stepped up its efforts to invest resources and troops there. In January 1920, the Russian Red Army began to gather 700,000 troops near the Berezina River and in Belarus.

At the time of the Kiev offensive of the Polish army, the Southwestern Front of the Russian Red Army numbered about 82,847 people, including 28,568 front-line units. The Polish army is estimated at 12,000 to 52,000 men.

By the time the Soviets counter-offensive in mid-1920, the situation had changed, and the Soviets had about 790,000 men, at least 50,000 more than the Polish army; Tukhachevsky estimated that he had 160,000 combat-ready troops; Posudski estimated the enemy at 200,000 to 220,000 men.

In 1920, nearly 800,000 Russian Red Army personnel were thrown into the war against Poland, of whom 402,000 were sent to the Western Front and 355,000 to the Southwestern Front. The Western Front had 382,000 men, while the Southwestern Front had 283,000.

The Polish army grew from about 100,000 in 1918 to more than 500,000 in early 1920. In August 1920, the Polish Army had a total of 737,767 men, half of whom were on the front. After deducting the Soviet losses, the Polish and Soviet armies were similar in numbers, and by the time of the Battle of Warsaw, the Polish army might have a slight advantage in numbers and logistics.

The Russian Supreme Command planned a new offensive in late April or May. Poland had already realized that the Soviets were preparing a new offensive, and the Polish side decided to strike first. The Kiev offensive of 1920 was to defeat the Russian Red Army on the southern flank of the Polish army and to bolster the pro-Polish government of Petliura in Ukraine.

On April 24, Poland launched its main offensive, Operation Kyiv, with the goal of creating an independent Ukrainian state as part of the coalition planned by Posudski. The Polish Third Army easily defeated the Russian Red Army in Ukraine, albeit with minor losses. The Polish-Ukrainian coalition forces entered Kyiv on 7 May. …,

The Russian Red Army counterattacked on 29 May. The 1st Polish Army in the north was defeated, and the 15th Group Army of the Russian Army recaptured the area between the Daugava and Berezina rivers.

On May 24, 1920, the Polish troops in the south encountered Semyon for the first time. Budyonny's 1st Cavalry Group Army. On June 5, Budyonny broke through the Polish-Ukrainian front with Cossack cavalry.

The Russians then used mobile cavalry to attack the rear of the Polish army, targeting communications and supplies.

Commander of the 3rd Polish Army in Ukraine, Eduard . Rez-Shimigvi decided to break through the Soviet front to the northwest. Although the Polish troops in Ukraine successfully retreated, they were unable to support the northern front and strengthen the defenses on the Ota River!

Due to the lack of troops, Poland had only a weak 120,000 men and about 460 guns on a front line of more than 300 kilometers, and there were no strategic reserves, and there were almost no fortifications.

Facing the Polish front was the Northwest Front of the Russian Red Army, commanded by Tukhachevsky, with more than 108,000 infantry and 11,000 cavalry, 722 guns and 2,913 guns. In some key points, the Russian army outnumbered the Polish army four times as many.

At this point in the Polish-Soviet war, the situation was very passive for Poland.

Poland would have lost the war without the help of an external force, but they also had one of the most powerful external forces:

Zhongyuan country!

In the most difficult of times, Posudski and his Polish army finally sent a signal for help to the government and the intervention army! (Lying on the bear_ provided by no beginning)