Seeing Honggu's smug appearance, Yang Ke smiled faintly and asked, "Why bother another day, now I have a question for your gentleman." Since www.biquge.info Han Dynasty, why have these two trade routes turned from prosperity to decline? What is the focus of the land and sea trade routes? ”

Liu Honggu pondered for a moment and said: "I haven't thought about this question carefully, but my father and brother have talked to me about these things in Japan, and from the perspective of merchants, it is nothing more than the lack of security guarantees, and the imperial court does not allow merchants to operate. As for the land and sea routes, there are only two reasons. Merchants are highly profitable, and the farther the journey, the higher the risk, and often the more profitable. Therefore, when the land route is blocked, the merchants will naturally try to open up the sea route. Secondly, goods that are heavier and not conducive to land transportation such as porcelain, can naturally carry more goods by sea. ”

Yang Ke nodded: "Take a peek and see the whole leopard, you have a point." There's a reason why the overland trade routes are open. The rule of the Han Dynasty scriptures Jing Zhizhi laid a very solid foundation of national strength, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty inherited the foundation of several generations, only to have the ability to expand the territory, conquer the Quartet, from 133 BC to 119 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops and the Xiongnu to carry out many battles. Among them, there were three decisive battles: the Battle of Henan, the Battle of Hexi, and the Battle of Mobei. In 133 BC, Emperor Wu adopted Wang Hui's suggestion and sent five generals, Li Guang, Gongsun He, Wang Hui, Li Xi, and Han Anguo, with 300,000 Han troops, to ambush near Mayi. He also sent Nie Yi out of the fortress to trade with the Xiongnu and lure the enemy. The Xiongnu military ministers found out that this was a trick to lure the troops, so they immediately led the troops to retreat. The 300,000 troops of the Han Dynasty returned in vain. In 127 BC, the Xiongnu nobles invaded Shanggu and Yuyang with 20,000 horsemen. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the strategy of attacking the east and the west, and sent Wei Qing to lead 30,000 horsemen out of Yunzhong, west to Longxi, to recover the Hetao, and sweep away the former enemy fortress invaded by the Xiongnu. He also adopted a roundabout attack method, outflanked from the rear, drove away the Huns' King Lou Fu and King Aries in one fell swoop, and lifted the threat of Chang'an. As a result, Shuofang County and Wuyuan County were created, plus 100,000 immigrants were rebuilt, and the old Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty was rebuilt and troops were sent to garrison. 121 BC. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo to go out of Longxi, crossed the Yanzhi Mountains to the west, entered the Xiongnu realm for more than 1,000 miles, and fought hand-to-hand with the Xiongnu army, and won a complete victory. In the summer of the same year, Huo Quai's second expedition to the west, Yue lived in Yanze, attacked Qilian Mountain, broke the Xiongnu army, and the Xiongnu nobles in Hexi suffered heavy losses. In the same year, the Xiongnu aristocracy was divided, and the evil king led 40,000 people to surrender to Han. After this battle, the Han Dynasty placed four counties of Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang here, known as the "Four Counties of Hexi" in history. Since then, the road to the Western Regions of Hantong has been completely opened. The people of the time praised it as the situation of "the Huns are far away, and there is no royal court in the south of the desert". ”

Liu Honggu asked: "But according to what my father and brother and Liu Da Cabinet said, after leaving the four counties of Hexi, the neighborhoods of small countries were constantly swordsmen, how did they get through later?" ”

Yang Ke said: "What else can be done, it's still the old way, and it's out." The expedition to the Western Regions also fought several major battles, the first of which was the expedition to Dawan. After Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered a messenger to bring 200,000 taels of gold and a golden horse made of gold to the capital of Dawan to exchange for a bloody horse. However, the king of Dawan refused to use the sweat and blood horse as the national treasure of Dawan, and the envoys of the Han Dynasty scolded in front of him, and smashed the golden horse and turned around, so he was furious and killed the envoy and took away the gold and silver treasures. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that the envoy had been killed and his property had been robbed, he couldn't help but be furious, and ordered Li Guangli to be the general of the second division and send tens of thousands of troops to expedition to Dawan. In the fourth year of Taichu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Li Guangli to expedition to Dawan. The Han army was numerous and powerful, and the small countries along the way did not dare to fight, so they opened cities one after another to provide food and water. Only Luntai resisted the Han army and closed the city tightly. The Han army attacked for several days, broke the city, and slaughtered Luntai, after which no one dared to stop. Directly attack Guishan City, the capital of Dawan, first cut off its water source, and then surround Guishan City, attack day and night, break its outer city, and kill Dawan Yong. As a result, there was internal strife in the Dawan Dynasty, and its nobles complained that the king of Dawan was not widowed, so they jointly killed the widow, and sent the head of the widow to the Han camp to seek peace, expressing his willingness to drive out the good horses for the Han army to choose, and from then on the Dawan service belonged to the Western Han Dynasty. Li Guangli ordered Sou Su Du Lieutenant Shangguan Ji to attack Yu Chengcheng. After a fierce battle, the defenders of Yu Chengcheng finally could not resist the enemy, and they were defeated and surrendered, and King Yu Cheng fled to Kangju. Shangguan Ji led the army to chase to Kangju and asked for someone from Kangju. Kang Ju saw that Dawan was broken, so he handed over King Yucheng to Shangguan Ji. Shangguan Ji's subordinate Shangqi knight Zhao Di killed King Yu Cheng on the way. The Han army defeated Dawan and shocked the Western Regions. The countries of the Western Regions sent their children to the Han Dynasty to contribute and serve as hostages. ”

Yang Ke took a sip of water, cleared his throat, and continued: "In the third year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Ponu, the Marquis of the Han Dynasty, to defeat the Gushi, and threaten the countries of the Western Regions such as Wusun and Dawan. In the fourth year of the campaign, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Hou Mangtong to lead 40,000 cavalry to attack the Xiongnu, passing through the north of the Cheshi. Mangtong ordered Cheng Mian to lead the army of six national soldiers in the Western Regions, including Loulan, Yuli, and Weixu, to attack the Che Division to remove the obstacles to the advance of the army. The soldiers of the six countries surrounded the Che Division, and the Che Division surrendered, and the subordinates belonged to the Han. In the same year, Loulan was defeated, the king of Loulan was captured, and Loulan surrendered. After the Han Dynasty passed through the Western Regions, Li Guangli broke Dawan and passed through Mimi on the way back to the army, which coincided with Lai Dan's going to Qiuzi as a hostage. Li Guangli sent someone to question the king of Qiuci, and the king of Qiuci obeyed the advice of Guyi and sent troops to attack and kill Lai Dan, but he was afraid again, so he wrote a letter to apologize. Emperor Xuan was the first three years, Chang Luo Hou Chang Hui, guardian Wusun sent 50,000 troops to break the Xiongnu, on the way back to the court, wrote to ask for Qiuci, in order to compensate for the crime of killing Lai Dan, Chang Hui mobilized 20,000 soldiers west of Qiuci, and sent a deputy envoy to mobilize 20,000 soldiers from the east of Qiuci, so that Wusun sent 7,000 troops, and attacked Qiuci on three sides. King Qiuzi was extremely frightened, and hurriedly told him that the killing of Lai Dan was done by the former king after listening to the noble Gu Yi, and it had nothing to do with him, and he came to see Chang Hui with Gu Yi. Chang Hui cut off his wings, dismissed the troops, and the battle of Qiuzi began to subside. In the first year of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Feng Fengshi escorted Dawan and other envoys back to China, passing through the city of Yilu in Shanshan, and the Han commander Song General stationed here reported to him the misdeeds of Shache. At this time, Zheng Ji was protected by the capital of the Western Regions among the countries of the Northern Province. Feng Fengshi consulted with his deputy envoy Yan Chang, believing that if he did not attack Shache immediately, it would be difficult to subdue his powerful forces, which would inevitably endanger Han's rule in the Western Regions. So Feng Fengshi ordered to mobilize the troops of all countries, attack Shache, break Shache City, and call for slaughter to commit suicide. Feng Fengshi also appointed Shache King and other Kundi as kings. The rebellion of the rest of the kingdoms was put down, and Shache has since surrendered. In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack by water and land, destroying the Wei dynasty entrenched in the northern part of the Goguryeo Peninsula. After the unification of its old domain, Lelang County, Xuansu County, Zhenfan County, and Lintun County were set up there, which was known as the "Four Counties of the Han Dynasty" in history. Each of the four counties has a number of counties under its jurisdiction, and the county magistrates are sent by the Han Dynasty to serve as Han people. Since then, the northern part of the Goguryeo Peninsula has been under the rule of the Han Empire. With these achievements, the Hexi Corridor and the sea passage were completely opened, and the trade route was unblocked. It is a pity that since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court has actually lost control of many places in the Western Regions, and of course there has been an intermittent situation of business routes. ”

Honggu raised her face and asked, "Aren't you the dignified King Yu now, holding a lot of power?" Why not send troops to pacify the unsubscribed ministers like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and ensure the smooth flow of trade routes? ”