"You can also see Noyandara's performance, although he is a little bit of a bag, but he also represents the mentality of the grassland people.org They are a people who believe in strength, if you want them to listen to your arrangement with peace of mind, you have to subdue them first." In the warm hall, Shen Mo made his own peaceful strategy to Wang Chonggu and Pantuo: "But it is not enough to rely on force alone, if you don't change the way of life of the grassland people, they are still difficult to control, and if you don't change their poor appearance, they will still take risks and become robbers, so I prepare two other gifts for them." ”

"Adults grasp the same topic very accurately, but I don't know which two magic weapons they are?" Wang Chonggu asked curiously.

"One of them is the purpose of the businessmen's sponsorship." Shen Mo smiled.

"You mean...... Wool? Wang Chonggu's eyes lit up.

"Yes, it's wool." Shen Mo stroked a small wool blanket in his hand and said: "This is a good thing, used to spin yarn and weave wool, and it has a broad market at home and abroad." A few years ago, many squires and landlords in the south saw this and tried to raise sheep in enclosures, but not everything could be raised in the land of fish and rice, and the sheep were not adapted to the soil and water in the south, and the quality and yield of wool were very poor, so they gave up. He said with a faint smile: "When I asked people to talk to him, don't you know the story of "South Orange and North Mandarin?" In the same way, sheep are not suitable for raising in the south, our country has a lot of land, can we not find a suitable place to raise sheep? ”

Later, when they inquired, oh, it turns out that the grasslands in the northwest are very suitable for the reproduction of sheep in terms of water and soil and climate. In addition, the cold climate also increases the amount of sheep sheared. Shen Motian Gao Yunyun smiled lightly: "At this time, the Jin merchants could not enter the silk and cotton spinning industry, and they also began to fight the idea of wool spinning industry, so the two sides hit it off, and decided that the north would pay for the people, and the south would produce technology, and the two sides would cooperate in the development of the Hetao, so they would instigate the war" to lend money to the imperial court to fight. He said it simply, but if you think about it, you don't know how much newspaper propaganda bombardment and negotiators' repeated words are behind this.

But in any case, it is already a fait accompli that businessmen pay money and the court sends troops, and no one can regret "can only go all the way to the dark."

一凵一"一"一"一、一,一"一"一、一、一"一、

"Speaking of sheep raising, naturally there is no better herdsman than the Mongols," so after controlling the Hetao," he said silently, sitting on the side of the kang, "the Jin merchants will be in charge, and they will mobilize the Mongolian tribes to raise sheep on a large scale, and provide them with food, tools, and necessary living materials in the spring." Waiting until the summer to "buy wool at a reasonable price" "solves the problem of raw materials for the woollen industry, and secondly, solves the problem of livelihood for the Mongols" so that they can concentrate on grazing and no longer depend on raiding. Third, the economic dependence of the Mongols on the Ming Dynasty is actually more reliable than any relationship, and both sides take what they need, both are profitable, and the cooperation can last for a long time. ”

"This can even change their way of living," Wang Chonggu's eyes lit up, "making them part of the Ming economy!" At that time, even if the Mongolian princes wanted to make trouble, not many herdsmen would not be willing to follow. ”

"Who's to say it isn't." Silent chin smiled, "Moreover, the labor required by the wool textile industry far exceeds agricultural production, which can help you Governor Wang and solve the problem of displaced people that has plagued Ganxi for a long time." ”

"It seems that this matter" subordinates still need strong support. Wang Chonggu was inexplicably happy.

The so-called displaced people are bankrupt peasants who have lost their property due to land annexation and have left their homes. These people live in a bad state, wander around, and the erosion and destruction of the feudal ruling order is unimaginable. Generally speaking, the peasants of China are quite industrious, "but they are timid and afraid of things, and they have great endurance, and if they do not come to the point of exhaustion and desperation," they will definitely not take risks. Therefore, the widespread appearance of a large number of displaced people often means that the dynasty has become terminally ill and the death knell has been ringing for a long time.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born as a homeless person at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, had the deepest understanding of this, so after he established this dynasty, he ordered three times and five times to say: The cultivator will test his strength and give it an acre. Let the poor have money, and the rich may not be annexed. If the annexors occupy more land for their own property, and the poor people are ordered to share the crops, they shall be severely punished" and ordered the princes and ministers to "not occupy excessive occupation of their own property according to the original appropriation of land and water." He even made nine articles of the iron list to admonish the princes, strictly prohibiting the meritorious heroes and the princes' families from relying on the power to forcibly occupy the official and private land.

In order to prevent the germination of displaced people in the Ming Dynasty and "make farmers cultivate with peace of mind", Zhu Yuanzhang also formulated the "road guidance system." The so-called "road guide" is a pass, which needs to be applied to the local government. Without a guide, you can't leave the land casually, so that the peasants will be kept within a hundred miles.

But it was in his hands. Zhu Yuanzhang's love for Zishu has created the most terrifying number of clans in the world, and the descendants of these clans can only pursue luxury and enjoyment when they can't get ahead politically, so they use the privileges of the people and local officials to "wantonly annex land, and the clan forcibly occupies the land, and other privileged classes naturally follow suit. The result...... According to the fish scale book of the 26th year of Hongwu, "the total number of fields in the country is more than 8.5 million hectares," but in the 15th year of Hongzhi, it was reduced to 4,220,000 hectares. This reduction by half "is that it was annexed by the privileged class, so it is not in the official register."

Before this nationwide clearance, the Ming Dynasty had not measured the land for 70 years, although the results were far from coming out, but according to the tax regression, "it can also be known that the land on the register has shrunk by half."

In fact, the 8.5 million hectares in the 26th year of Hongwu is a seriously underestimated figure, in addition to a large amount of uncultivated land that has not yet been counted, there is also a large amount of land hidden by the privileged class. Now that it has been peaceful for 200 years, the population has increased dramatically, mountains, rivers, woodlands, canyons and flat slopes, but all the land that can be cultivated has been developed, and the number of registered acres or the land in the hands of ordinary farmers in the Ming Dynasty has been sharply reduced to this extent.

As a result, a large number of yeoman farmers were converted into tenant farmers, forced to accept the double exploitation of the landlords and the state, and were overwhelmed in good years, and completely bankrupt in the event of a natural disaster. When they toiled but could not feed themselves, and were burdened with heavy taxes and usury, the tenant farmers had to flee in droves.

The more tenant farmers fled, the heavier the taxes and miscellaneous taxes had to be borne by yeoman farmers, and the landed peasants began to abandon their fields on a large scale. And because of the road guidance system of this dynasty, these peasants who had been exiled to other places were hunted down by the government, "naturally became the so-called, exiles." This phenomenon is found all over the country, "especially in the northern provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces."

Wang Chonggu's defense area was mainly in Gansu and Shaanxi, "where the land is barren, production is backward, taxes and forced labor are serious, and in addition to the successive famines, the peasants' lives are more difficult than in other areas." This area is also an area where Mongolian, Han, and Hui people live together, and it is the site of fierce ethnic struggle, and various contradictions are more acute, so the phenomenon of displaced people is the most serious.

In fact, in recent years, with the decline of the Ordos Department, "the border pressure of the Ming Dynasty has shifted eastward, mainly concentrated in the Xuanda and Jiliao generations, and the main task of the western three sides has also shifted from the original defense against the Mongol invasion" to the culling of peasant uprisings one after another. Therefore, in this re-set operation, after Wang Chonggu squeezed out 40,000 elite soldiers, he could no longer transfer any more soldiers and horses out of the customs, otherwise there would be chaos in the world.

One, one

How to solve the problem of displaced people is a major issue related to the survival of the dynasty"So far, such outstanding grass reformers as Gao Gong and Zhang Juzheng have only focused on cracking down on land annexation. But Shen Mo knew that in this way, he might be able to make a breakthrough by relying on power for a while, but the result of seriously harming the interests of the official gentry group would be that the people would die and the government would die, or even if the people did not die, the government would stop first.

Due to the limitations of the times, Gao Gong Zhang Juzheng could not untie this dead knot, but Shen Mo had knowledge beyond the times, and he knew that there was an effective way to solve the problem of displaced people without harming those with vested interests.

The key lies in whether or not we can open up one or several domestic industrial sectors that have production capacity and development potential and can rush into the international market, transfer the labor force from the traditional, self-sufficient, and very low per capita output value of the agricultural sector to the industrial sector with a substantial increase in per capita output value, and complete the transformation of national income from a declining to an increasing national income. In this process, "the powerful landlords will be transformed into industrial capitalists, and thus become a force for social progress, which is the so-called road to industrialization."

This made Wang Chonggu, who had been struggling to break the situation, have a feeling of "a village in the dark and bright", and couldn't help but say with interest: "It seems that industry and commerce are still very important." ”

"But what the Ming Dynasty needs is not the value of exchange" but the ability to improve production. Thinking of the direction of the development of Daming's industry and commerce over the years, he couldn't help but smile bitterly: "How many people can understand the truth that improving the country's strength is more important than the pursuit of wealth?" Saying that, he waved his hand and said, "It's too far off topic, let's talk about this another day." ”

"Okay." Wang Chonggu nodded and said: "My lord said that the three are together, force counts as one, wool counts as one, and what is the third one?" ”

"The third is religion." , Shen Mo said with a deep gaze: "I want to let religion replace war and become a tool for the Mongolian nobles to maintain the rule of the system, which is why I said so much to Noyandara today." ”

"Religion." Wang Chonggu said softly, "Which sect?" ”

"Lamaism." Silent talk said lightly.

"Oh, it turned out to be Tibetan Buddhism." Wang Chonggu is no stranger to this, and this religion originated in Tibet, "which has a wide audience among the people of Qinghai and has the meaning of prosperity." Similar to the role of Buddhism, this sect promotes the Four Noble Truths and Five Truths, the Six Realms of Reincarnation, and emphasizes that the cultivation of the next life "so the privilege of the nobility is to practice in the previous life, and the good will be rewarded" and the reason why the toiling masses suffer is because of the evil caused in the previous life, and the evil retribution "can make the believers content with the status quo, which is naturally conducive to the rule of the aristocracy."

"But don't the Mongols believe in shamanism?" Wang Chonggu asked: "Can faith be replaced" with a light sundial? "No other religion can do it, but shamanism can, because it's not a religion at all. It was not founded by a certain person, but with the emergence of primitive tribes, and the objects of worship are extremely wide, and animals, plants, mountains, rivers and rivers can become their beliefs. There are no written scriptures, no humming religious organizations, no temples, no unified and standardized religious rituals, and no doctrines. It is completely dependent on the oral transmission of the shamans of the tribe and the transmission from generation to generation, so it can be said that its religious power is extremely weak. And because the idols worshipped among the tribes were different, "instead of cohesion, it led to endless civil strife." Shen Mo explained to Wang Chonggu: "What shamanism does not have, Tibetan Buddhism has" is not the latter's opponent at all. And most importantly, "the successful experience of Lamaism in Tibet shows that they can indeed dissolve the hostility of ethnic minorities and greatly reduce their combat effectiveness." ”

"Think about it, it's true, since the Song Dynasty, the Tubo people are no longer enemies of the Central Plains, but also take the initiative to pay tribute, and this dynasty is even more so" Wang Chonggu nodded and said: "The combat effectiveness has indeed dropped enough, hundreds of thousands of Tibetans in Qinghai have been defeated and bullied to death by the remnants of more than 1,000 tiles of Bu Er's army" Is this really related to Lamaism? ”

"Not absolutely, of course, but it does matter. I pondered that there are roughly three reasons, one is the amount just mentioned, Lamaist propaganda only seeks the afterlife, so that believers are obedient, and their violent spirit is also burned incense and chanted Buddha is exhausted. Second, their monks followed, "two do not take part in productive labor"; Second, he did not marry a wife and have children. For the already thin population, this "means a decline in population and combat effectiveness." Third, "after the integration of church and state, the Tibetans no longer have a reason to fight, and if they do not fight for a long time, they will forget to fight, and they should be reclaimed by the Mongols." Shen Mo drank all the wine in the bowl and said: "For the steppe nomads, replacing shamanism with Lamaism also has a role, that is, it can attract the herdsmen who used to wander around to a more fixed area. Because shamanism worships rocks, trees, and lakes, religious ceremonies can be held anywhere, but after converting to Lamaism, there must be a monastery. As the saying goes, if you can run a monk, you can't run the temple! ”

"Such a three-pronged approach, cooperate with each other" over time, Genghis Khan's unruly son" will eventually become my Ming Dynasty's obedient people! In the end, Wang Chonggu praised convincingly: "I am the first time" to pacify the nine sides, there is hope. ”