Throughout World War II, Japan and Germany occupied large areas of foreign territory and plundered a large amount of strategic resources and labor, but they were also resisted by the people and armies of some occupied countries and regions in the form of guerrilla warfare. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 It is usually impossible for the guerrillas who are engaged in guerrilla warfare to quickly annihilate or drive the occupying forces out of their own territory, but the guerrillas cause no small problems to the occupying forces, and can greatly interfere with the ability of the occupying forces to control the occupied areas, causing the occupying forces to lose their taxes, personnel and material requisitions over most of the occupied areas, and lose their actual control.

The sabotage attacks of the guerrillas pose the greatest threat to important communication routes and small garrisons, and the slightest carelessness can lead to heavy losses; It may even interfere with the transfer of large units or important combat materials due to the lack of smooth communication routes, which will seriously affect and interfere with combat operations on the front line.

Therefore, for the occupying forces, the guerrilla activities are extremely harmful, and neither the Japanese nor the German army wants a situation in which guerrilla activities are rampant in their occupied areas, so they have formed a set of anti-guerrilla combat systems.

Moreover, whether it was the Western-minded German army or the Eastern-minded Japanese army, the attitude towards the partisans was the same cruel and ruthless! However, the respective anti-guerrilla warfare systems of the two fascist countries are very different and are reflected in various aspects.

The Japanese army generally formed special anti-guerrilla units to suppress the guerrillas' activities, and rarely directly used regular field troops to clear out the guerrillas (a bit like a "sweep", generally a very large number of "stronghold troops" plus a small number of field troops; Of course, there are also cases of large-scale use of field troops, that is, large-scale "sweeps". For example, the Japanese army in "Tunnel Warfare" is a "stronghold army" in a sense, not a field army. ）。

Unlike the Japanese army, the German army mostly directly used regular field troops to eliminate the guerrillas, but it also built a small number of professional anti-guerrilla units. However, the Japanese army's anti-guerrilla units are very different from the German army's professional anti-guerrilla units, and the so-called anti-guerrilla units of the Japanese army are light infantry units that are not equipped with heavy weapons, and the construction cost of the troops is low and the formation is rapid, and in many cases such low-cost units are called security forces.

Due to the weak firepower of the security forces (compared to the German army, they still have an advantage over our Chinese guerrillas, at least they are still standard equipment, we have big swords, spears, firearms, and everything. They could only fight in the rear on the frontal battlefield, so they could only be engaged in clearing the townships, sweeping the country, requisitioning grain, protecting the rear transportation lines, ensuring the smooth supply lines and mobilization of field troops, striking at the guerrillas in the defense area, and maintaining law and order in the defense area.

To put it bluntly, the Japanese just think that it is too wasteful to fight the guerrillas and use field troops (little Japanese are childish, and they are a poor ghost compared to Germany!). ）。

The professional anti-guerrilla units of the German army are generally composed of some well-trained, experienced officers and soldiers who are proficient in the local language from elite mountain infantry divisions and paratroopers, and then formed after strict training in parachuting, swimming, makeup, incitement, poisoning, assassination, and sending reports.

The construction cost of such specialized anti-guerrilla units is extremely high and the number is very small, so the main force of the German army's anti-guerrilla operations is a large number of regular field troops.

From this, it can be seen that the German army's anti-guerrilla warfare capability seems to have a clear advantage, at least the firepower of the troops is very strong, because the German army is a regular field unit with heavy weapons. However, when it came to specific battles, especially in the anti-guerrilla operations in the mountainous areas, the German army's heavy weapons would not play a very useful role -- even in the plains, because the guerrillas were scattered and their locations were not clear, and it was necessary to conduct a large-scale search, it was unlikely that the Germans would drive tanks and drag artillery to search for the guerrillas, and most of the time they also relied on light infantry to encircle and suppress the guerrillas.

In terms of tactics for dealing with the guerrillas, Japan and Germany actually relied on setting up large strongholds to protect key points, and they relied on launching sweeping operations in areas where the guerrillas were entrenched. Most of the sweeping operations were multi-pronged combined attacks, and the comprehensive destruction and striking of residents, houses, and facilities in guerrilla areas and base areas were all "three-light" operations of burning, looting, and killing all of them -- the Japanese and German anti-guerrilla warfare tactics were half a pound against eight taels, and there was not much difference at all.

In the early and middle stages of the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union, the German army encircled and suppressed the partisans, and the density of troop deployment was quite large, and the ratio of anti-guerrilla forces to guerrilla forces could reach 3:1 to 10:1, that is, the number of troops used to deal with the guerrillas was much more than that of the guerrillas. Not counting the cooperation troops (to put it bluntly, it is a puppet army. In the case of large-scale anti-guerrilla operations between the German army and Yugoslavia in the Soviet Union, most of the time the strength of the anti-guerrillas exceeded three times the strength of the guerrillas, and their own casualties were not small: in Yugoslavia, on average, every two partisans killed one German soldier, so civilians had to be killed to open up the casualty ratio; In the USSR it was almost 1 to 3.

It would be very difficult for the Soviet partisans to survive in such a situation of three, or even tenfold, times as many times as many regular armed encirclements and suppression, as their Yugoslav counterparts! In particular, partisan formations like the 53rd Division could attack the German transport lifeline in Belarus in the north (two railway arteries, one across the northern part of the Swamp, and the other on the edge of the swamp, could not be foolproof for the Germans. It can threaten the northwestern part of Ukraine in the south, and the hilly regions of southeastern Poland in the west - such a large-scale armed force can be said to be a thorn in the side of the German army!

In the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, almost every victory of the Soviet Red Army was inseparable from the support of Soviet partisan forces. For almost 4 years, the Soviet partisans did not give the German fascists any respite, and their active activities amounted to the opening of a "second battlefield" in the rear of the German army, especially the Soviet partisans active in Belarus, and even established a "partisan Soviet socialist republic" in the encirclement and suppression of the superior enemy! Become a miracle in the history of world wars.

The "partisan republic" was founded in the depths of the Pripyat swamp, where the 53rd Division is now located (on September 9, 1942, in the Pripyat swamp, representatives of dozens of resistance forces from all over Belarus met and decided to form a "partisan republic" and elected the highest organs of power in the republic - the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Council of People's Commissars, Pyotr Zakharovich Kalinin (former Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, After the start of the Great Patriotic War, he served as a member of the Military Council of the 21st Army, not Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin, "Grandpa Kalinin", as we know it. Served as the supreme leader of the "guerrilla republic".

This "partisan republic" is located on the territory of Belarus, occupied by the Germans, without a capital and fixed state organs, as well as a fixed state border. Moscow recognized the legitimacy of the Belarusian "partisan republic" and assisted it in setting up representative offices in all aspects of the Soviet Red Army, maintaining links between the partisans and the regular army.

The partisans, in general, carried out operations to sabotage the enemy's communications and transport facilities, reducing the capacity of the German army for rail transport on the territory of Belarus by almost 40%! It greatly slowed down the advance of the German fascists and disrupted the enemy's plans to hoard supplies and gather troops. Now the battle for Minsk of the Germans was dragged down by the Red Army partisans in the swamps, and trains and railroad tracks were bombed almost every day.

The conditions were difficult, and the guerrilla fighters demonstrated the spirit of bravery, friendship and love in their fighting life. The Belarusian partisan Nekhodyaev once recalled: "Every day before dinner, we patrolled along the bushes, keeping an eye out for Jews hiding in the shacks and caves. The children, the elderly, and many of their loved ones were killed by Hitler's executioners, and the rest were like living skeletons, with strips of rags barely able to cover their bodies. They were very happy to see us, and took out the only piece of bread they had from under a certain piece of turf and gave it to us. It's heart-wrenching to see all this...... We give them things, but they don't want them. I took off my shirt and gave it to an old man, and he said he didn't want anything, but he said, 'It's okay, let's go fight the fascists together and take back what belongs to us,' and I couldn't hold back my tears. ”

Due to the activities of the partisans, the morale of the German army suffered a serious setback. In the diary of a fascist officer, there is this passage: "Everywhere, in the forest, in the swamp, there are the figures of the Avengers...... It's too bad, I don't want anything like that again. I can't fight ghosts. Now I'm writing in my diary and watching the sun go down in fear...... When the night came, I felt as if I had heard something from the darkness, some shadows were approaching us, and terrible horrors were surrounding me......" (I thought of something: there was an old Japanese devil who invaded China, and after returning to China, he lost sleep every day for decades, and he always felt that someone would come to cut his neck in the middle of the night, and a smoking grenade would suddenly be thrown through the window. ）

In order to defend the "guerrilla republic," the guerrillas also used their ingenuity and talents to make full use of various facilities and resources to maintain the normal operation of the republic.

As the most suitable terrain for the "large guerrilla base", Melnik's troops were preparing to build their own collective farms and factories. The leadership of the 53rd Division realized that it was not possible to maintain the needs of the base areas and the guerrillas in a stable manner by capturing and "borrowing" them alone, and that the guerrillas needed their own collective farms to grow grain and raise livestock, to support the guerrillas in their operations, and to open schools to train military personnel. (Historically, the partisans also built narrow-gauge railways for transporting passengers, equipped with armored trains!) Miracles to transport their own personnel outside the borders of the "guerrilla republic" and to transport residents within the borders! ）

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Since the news is that the Minsk side is about to launch a big counteroffensive (in fact, it has already begun, but the comrades in the swamp do not know it yet. Then Melnik and Kozlov had to get their troops to join the military operation and make their own contribution.

"I led the operation, and Comrade Kozlov was in charge of the affairs of the camp." Melnik said, "The 1st detachment and the divisional combat personnel were all dispatched, plus our transport detachment.

"Do you want to contact the second detachment first and then act together?" Kozlov asked.

"Time doesn't allow for it, and it can take a few days to get in touch." Indi is less than 40 kilometers away from Ratno in a straight line, and the camp of the second detachment is west of the road line: the actual distance in the swampy area is not measured in a straight line, at least multiplied by two, or even more!

"With about 400 front-line combatants, the German army in Ratno has only one platoon, and the combat effectiveness of those security police is negligible. As long as the plan is good, we can intercept a German convoy that enters Trano to refuel and uproot the German stronghold in Trano! ”

Don't look at them as partisans, the front-line fighters are still very combative, 400 people can definitely compete head-on with a regular infantry battalion of the German army, in the case of a sneak attack, the loss of the raid on Trano should not be very large.

"If it's a night attack, it's not a problem to take out Trano, but if you also have to intercept the German convoy, the risk will increase a lot." As a member of the Military Council, Kozlov thought more about attacking during the day, that is, presetting the blocking troops at both ends, and giving the main attacking troops less time than night attacks.

Melnik shook his head: "If you blow up the two small bridges west of Trano, the German convoy will have to spend the night in Trano, which is the safest way for them." ”

Major General Melnik is not a reckless man, Tarano is the main road to Belarus in western Ukraine, and the railway branch line through Staraya Vzhevka is already in tatters, making it unseemly harassed by the second detachment: even the largest railway bridge was blown up by the partisans (that was last month, when a night attack on the bridge was reimbursed by dozens of German troops defending the bridge). It is estimated that the repair of the bridge will still be a problem.

If the German army in Ukraine wants to support Belarus, it will most likely be material, not soldiers: it will have to go through Ratno! Fighting the transport troops and garrisons of the Germans, Melnik was still very confident.

"It would be nice if we could get a high-power radio, at least some electronics, and our electronics experts would be able to fix the radio." The 53rd Division has all kinds of talents, not only communications soldiers, but even real electronics specialists, and even those titles of what academy in Minsk.

"Let's go today and let the comrades prepare. Kozlov, we must immediately send someone to contact Uncle Kostya in Brest, our side is just a small fight, and their side is the real support for the Minsk operation. Melnik confessed.

"The comrades of the arsenal completed more than sixty special mines for pressure hair, which were sent to Kostya and them. Their side is even harder than ours, and I think they should be evacuated from Brest after this attack, it's too dangerous, the Germans are not stupid. ”

"Well, Kostya's group of comrades has done enough, it is time to withdraw from the fight, and sooner or later it will be exposed within the enemy."

Uncle Kostya, is it old? No, he's only 32 years old, and his 32nd birthday hasn't come yet, and Uncle Kostya is the person's pseudonym - Konstantin Sergeyevich Zaslonov, the former head of the Brest Railway Locomotive Depot (historically the head of the Orsha Locomotive Depot, the plot requires, so let the hero work in another place, anyway, it's all in Belarus, hehe. ）。

After the Germans occupied Brest, Zaslonov and many of his patriotic workers did not evacuate, but fled into the swamps - the Germans themselves could not guarantee the normal operation of the railway system, so they searched everywhere for the original Soviet railway workers. It was for this reason that Zaslonov and a group of politically reliable railway workers returned to Brest, and he himself became a national (Soviet) locomotive leader of the Brest railway section, and formed an underground group to fight against the ground.

Much of the 53rd Division's intelligence on the railroad was provided by Zaslonov and his group, and because of their expertise and convenience, the underground team itself had subverted more than 30 German trains with specially made press-release mines, which they usually concealed in the ballast under the coal and railroad tracks (that is, the stones under the sleepers), so they were called "coal-stone" mines. (To be continued.) )