readx;

Chapter 1436 is in full swing

The 26th year of the Republic of China, October 28, 1937. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Morning, nine o'clock, Shanghai Yang Xing.

Accompanied by Shi Junren, commander of the Second Artillery Corps, Li Tianen, deputy commander, and Su Tieming, chief of staff, An Yi visited the fortress group that had been preliminarily completed.

The Yangtze River defense fortress is not a single fortress fortress, but with the vast Yangtze River as a reference, the west side of the Yangtze River estuary and Chongming Island waterway, the east side of the two main channels of Changxing Island north and south, in this area that stretches for more than ten kilometers, with Yanghang, Luodian, Yuepu as the base point, configured with six permanent fortress groups, each fortress has a name of an ancient Chinese beauty order.

Yanghang is composed of two huge fortress groups of "Xi Shi" and "Feiyan", Yuepu is equipped with two fortress groups of "Diao Chan" and "Ban Zhao", and Luodian also has two fortress groups, namely "Zhaojun" and "Wenjun".

The "Xi Shi" fortress group that An Yi is visiting at the moment is equipped with a 300mm fortress cannon newly produced by the Syrian Arsenal, with an outer diameter of 500mm barrel, a total length of 21 meters, and a maximum range of 25 kilometers. The only drawback was that it was too heavy, up to 110 tons, which made transportation and installation a big problem, so after producing such a course and experimenting with a number of techniques, the casting was stopped.

For the rest of the fortress guns, a cannon of 203mm caliber was uniformly adopted. The maximum range of this type of cannon is as high as 30 kilometers, and after the installation of rocket installations, the range reaches 40 kilometers, which is estimated to be the longest range cannon in the world. The projectile weighs 100 kilograms, has a total length of 12.8 meters, and weighs 35 tons, which is enough to make any warship feel a heartfelt tremor in the face of the blow of such a huge cannon.

At present, all the fortress groups have begun to install this new type of cannon, but due to limited production capacity, only eighty-eight cannons are in place now, and the 150mm cannons of the Second Artillery Corps have to play the role of the river defense force for a while. At present, the newly formed artillery unit responsible for guarding the fortress has been loaded into Syria and will soon be heading eastward, and this newly formed river defense unit is numbered the First Coastal Defense Army of the River Defense Command, and Cheng Cheng Guang is temporarily serving as the commander.

All the giant artillery positions, the turret is a semi-underground reinforced concrete structure, the muzzle is directly facing the main channel of the Yangtze River, the shape of the outer defense layer resembles the battleship turret, wrapped by 200~300 mm thick armor plates, there are three layers of permanent fortifications under the turret, each layer of permanent concrete structure is up to 3000~4000 mm thick, any enemy who wants to approach the fortress will be bombarded by the fate of the giant artillery, being hit by a 203mm caliber shell is not a joke, the attacking enemy must have extraordinary tenacity.

In addition to these six fortresses, 200 meters inside the original Wusongxi Fort in Baoshan Castle, a group of "Yuanyuan" fortresses armed to the teeth was also built as an observation post.

All around the fortress were covered with permanent concrete armor plates, connected by semi-underground passages and small railways, and in parts of the land, hundreds of bunkers and firing points were set up. All the turrets of the fortress are sunken and have an absolutely superior firing range, and theoretically, it is difficult for ships on the river to carry out ground attacks on these defensive areas. Moreover, when it was designed, the basic ammunition of the fortress was stored in an underground chamber made of thick stainless steel plates with good water resistance, and even if the fortress was destroyed and burned, the semi-automatic underground chambers could ensure the safety of the shells, which could be described as foolproof.

After the continuous construction of the mechanization of the sappers and soldiers, the Yangtze River fortress group is basically formed, and the next step is to wait for the concrete to cool and dry, and at the same time add some auxiliary facilities, for example, laying the railroad tracks around the fortress group, An Yi's opinion is that in the future, the train gun with a longer range of armored trains will be used to assist the fortress group in defense.

In this way, the entire Yangtze River defense constitutes a huge copper wall and iron wall, and it is almost an impossible task to break through the defense of the fortress group from that direction.

Of course, no matter how strong the fortress is, if it is just blindly defensive, it may also be breached, there is no fortress in the world that will never fall, the only thing An Yi can do at present is to make the fortress defense more reasonable, and the fortress that is stubbornly defended will naturally be breached, An Yi's consideration is to let it have a certain strong counter-assault force - equip the fortress with enough armored assault clusters.

An Yi plans to equip the Yangtze River defense with a large number of new tanks and anti-aircraft artillery armored clusters in the next year, with a dense road network as a link, such a strategic assault force will be an iron fist that can influence the situation of the battle for the Yangtze River Delta, which has limited space for land deployment.

After inspecting the Yanghang fortress group, An Yi, accompanied by the generals of the Second Artillery Corps, arrived at the "Yuanyuan" fortress group in Baoshan to observe the construction of the fortress and the situation on the Yangtze River.

The two twin turrets of the "Yuanyuan" No. 1 fortress are "lying" on the huge reinforced concrete platform, like a majestic land battleship.

This land battleship has the ability to shoot at large elevation angles that is difficult for surface battleships to have, and all the target references in the range are in a detailed firing table - once it is determined that the enemy's battleship has bad intentions, the shells can be firmly smashed into the enemy's head, and at the same time, the six fortress groups in the rear will put all the enemy's ship groups under artillery fire according to the accurate numbers that have been numbered on the entire river.

After inspecting the fortress group, An Yi was very satisfied.

With the completion of the three fortress groups of "Chang'e", "Xiangfei" and "Zhengdan" in Hangzhou Bay and the seven fortress groups of the Yangtze River, the defense of the entire Yangtze River Delta region has basically been impregnable.

An Yi planned to build three more fortress groups in Pudong, and then he could hand over the land defense to other troops, and he himself led the An Jia army to the north to recover his homeland.

For more than one year, North China has been full of bad news.

On 28 last month, just one hour after the government of a certain country announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations, the enemy army assembled a million-strong army and launched a surprise attack on the north and south lines of the Pinghan Railway and the southern line of the Jinpu Road under the command of the commander of the front army, General Ishihara Wan'er.

The First Army of the Front Army was tasked with the combat mission on the northern line of the Pinghan Railway, and the commander of the command, Lieutenant General Seishiro Itagaki led four divisions and four mixed brigades to fight together.

Banyuan first used two brigades of the 26th Division to storm the defense line of Shahe in the north and south to attract the attention of Tang Enbo's 20th Army Corps, and then suddenly mobilized the Banyuan Division, which was hidden in the line of Shunyi and Huairou, to cross Niulan Mountain and Tianshou Mountain and raid Changping County. The defenders of Changping were caught off guard, and the city was quickly taken by the Fifth Division, and the rear road of Wang Jinzai's new 35th Division, which was firmly on the front line of Shahe, was cut off, and he had to retreat to the line of Yuquan Mountain and Miaobi Mountain in western Beijing.

Seeing this, Itagaki did not hesitate, and quickly transported the 102nd and 103rd Divisions to Nankou by train, and stormed Nankou Station and Longhutai Heights, which were held by the 89th Division of the Chinese defenders at Nankou.

The Chinese defenders took advantage of the favorable terrain of the mountains on the first line of Badaling, firmly resisted, and the enemy's edge was frustrated, and a mixed brigade of the enemy army that assisted the Great Wall line on the west side of Nankou Town also stopped in front of the position under the stubborn resistance of the defenders.

Itagaki was so angry that he immediately assigned the 5th Division, first with the 42nd Infantry Wing to the left of the main attack point, to strengthen the attack force of the Chinese defenders on the Great Wall line. Prior to this, Tang Enbo had ordered the 1st Division of the 4th Division to occupy a position at Hengling City on the Great Wall line, and seeing the enemy's fierce offensive, he ordered the 564th Regiment of the 94th Division and the 122nd Regiment of the 21st Division to be combined into Wu Shaozhou's detachment to occupy a position along the Great Wall line near Shixia.

Before nightfall, the 42nd Infantry Wing of the enemy captured the highest peak on the Great Wall line, the 1390 Heights. Subsequently, the main force of the enemy's Fifth Division was successively deployed between the 1390 heights on the Great Wall line and the town border city, launched an attack on the defenders, and took the vicinity of the 1050 heights as the main assault direction of the attack, and broke through the Great Wall line to seize Huailai with flank detour tactics, so as to cut off the retreat of the ** squadron on the Juyong Pass.

Under these circumstances, Tang Enbo ordered the 12th Brigade of the 4th Division to join the battle in the vicinity of Hengling City.

After receiving the distress telegram from Nankou, Yan Xishan, the commander of the Second Theater of Operations, immediately ordered Liu Ruming's 68th Army to urgently reinforce Nankou, but Liu Ruming was unmoved, and still entrenched in Zhangjiakou.

The rotational battle of the enemy's four divisions and four mixed brigades put the defense line of the 20th Army Corps of Townenburg in a precarious situation, and the whole line was in a state of engagement. On the 29th, Fu Zuoyi led the 72nd Division, the 100th Brigade, the 211th Brigade and the 7th Independent Brigade from Chaigou Fort to reinforce the Nankou area.

On 30 September, Itagaki continued to command four enemy divisions and stormed Hengling Castle and Juyong Pass. Fierce battles were fought between the two countries and two armies at these two points, and at 10 a.m., enemy tanks rushed into Juyong Pass. Although Tang Enbo's troops suffered heavy casualties, they still occupied the favorable terrain of the mountains to fight the enemy, but at noon, the enemy troops occupying Shuitou Village attacked the eighteen houses south of Huailai City. The 1st Division of the 7th Independent Brigade, which was defending in the area, retreated to Huailai. The enemy immediately attacked Huailai with the support of aircraft and artillery. In this way, the defenders at various points along the Great Wall were already in a situation of being flanked by the enemy.

Tang Enbo ordered the corps to break through the encirclement in the afternoon of the same day, and the enemy immediately launched a pursuit, with the 1st Division of the 5th Division occupying Huailai that night, and the 1st Division of the 26th Division occupying Yanqing in the early morning of the next day.

When Banyuan launched the Nankou Offensive and Fu Zuoyi's troops went south to reinforce it, Chahar sent the corps commander Hideki Tojo to immediately launch the Chabei Offensive, launched an attack on Zhangjiakou on the night of the 28th, and immediately broke through the Great Wall defense line defended by Liu Ruming's 68th Army and occupied Shenweitai, and then the enemy continued to attack in the direction of Wanquan, repelled the defender's 143rd Division, advanced to the southwest highlands of Zhangjiakou on October 1, and occupied Kongjiazhuang Station, cutting off the Pingsui Road again.

At this time, Fu Zuoyi led two brigades to reinforce Nankou and returned to Zhangjiakou and immediately organized a counterattack against the enemy forces occupying the high ground. Although this attack inflicted considerable casualties on the enemy army, the counterattack was ineffective, and Liu Ruming's troops retreated to Tianzhen and Wei County. Fu Zuoyi's troops retreated to Chaigou Fort.

On October 2, Zhangjiakou fell.

Subsequently, the Chahar Corps ordered a pursuit in the direction of Xiahuayuan to join up with the 1st Army of Banyuan, which was advancing westward, and the Pingsui Railway east of Zhangjiakou and the area north of it were completely controlled by the enemy.

There was hardly any stop, and Seishiro Itagaki agreed with Hideki Tojo to attack Suiyuan with the Chahar Corps, and the First Army went south to attack the western part of Hebei.

Subsequently, with the 5th, 26th, and 102nd Divisions as the main attacking force and the 103rd Division as the strategic reserve, itagaki began to attack the front line of Huaxiao Battalion (now Huaxiao Battalion) and Xihe Battalion from the vicinity of Xuanhua, Xin'an, and Huailai respectively. On the way forward, the 26th Division of the left column was blocked by rivers and mud near Mulberry Garden, and had no choice but to merge into the central column to advance. The 5th Division of the Central Column and the 102nd Division of the Right Column arrived at the line between Huaxiao Camp and West Joint Camp three days later.

Thereafter, Itagaki ordered the central column to attack the Chinese defenders' positions near Guangling. The 102nd Division of the Right Column made a detour from the vicinity of Yangyuan to the west of Guangling. At this time, the 68th Army Headquarters, which was defending in Ul County, retreated without making contact with the attacking enemy forces. Tang Enbo immediately ordered the Gao Guizi Division of the 17th Army to send a regiment from Guangling to run to Wei County to fill in the defenses. When the regiment reached a distance of seven or eight miles from Wei County, the 5th Wing of the enemy's cavalry had already entered the county seat of Wei County. On the same day, the enemy occupied Yijiabao and Tonggou north of Laiyuan.

After parting ways with the First Army, the Chahar Corps of the Kwantung Army of a certain country attacked Tianzhen. Yan Xishan judged that the main force of the three divisions of the Kwantung Army of a certain country would attack Datong from Xinghe, Tianzhen, and Dongjingji in three ways, and he decided to lure the enemy into the "national defense position" area of Julebao in the east of Datong, gather a strong corps in Hunyuan and Dongjingjijian on the southern flank, and Suidongfengzhen and Xinghejian on the northern flank, launch a pincer attack from the north and south, and advance to Zhangjiakou with a cavalry group to carry out the "Battle of Datong," so he ordered the 61st Army to stop the enemy's advance in the areas of Xiwanbao, Tianzhen, and Yanggao. After receiving the task of holding on to Tianzhen and Yanggao, the commander of the 61st Army, Li Fuying, immediately deployed defenses there.

On 8 October, the enemy's 1st Division, which had assembled at Yongjiabao, launched an attack on the 61st Army's alert position in Brick Kiln Village, and until noon, the 1st Division, with the support of more than 30 planes and artillery, launched another attack on Lijiashan and Luojiashan in the east of Tianzhen City. By the afternoon, a confrontation was formed. The next day, the Kwantung Army of a certain country launched a full-line attack on the defenders of Tianzhen, captured the mountain southeast of the city, and after several hours of fierce fighting, the defenders were all crushed by the enemy and retreated back except for the defenders in Tianzhen City who held the city wall to block the enemy.

At 7 o'clock in the morning of 12 October, six Japanese planes bombed Yanggao, and at the same time, the enemy pursued Zhenhongbao and Julebao in the south and north. On this day, except for a mixed brigade to occupy Zhenhong Fort, the rest of the main force attacked Jule Fort, and the defending troops suffered serious casualties, and the city was captured by the enemy. Li Fuying, commander of the 61st Army, immediately led his troops to retreat to Guayuan Village, south of Jule Fort, to rest.

The defenders defending Tianzhen City held out for several days, repelled six enemy attacks, and finally broke through with the help of the enemy with aircraft and artillery, and at the same time the city was short of food and ammunition, and Tianzhen City was finally occupied by the enemy.

On 16 October, Yan Xishan ordered one brigade to be left to fight in the field near Datong City, and the two brigades occupied the mountainous area west of Datong to block the enemy's westward advance, and all units moved to the mountainous areas south of Datong and on the south bank of the Sanggan River.

After the enemy occupied Datong, the operation of the Kwantung Army came to an end, and then deployed to capture the area near Datong. Fengzhen, Jining, Shangxizhuang and other places fell successively, and the Kwantung Army handed over the defense to the mixed brigade under the jurisdiction of the First Army on the 19th, and the rest of the troops attacked Suiyuan.

The first part of the Kwantung Army, which occupied the southern trench, occupied Xinghe, and then attacked Liangcheng, and on the 26th, this division entered and occupied Liangcheng with the coordination of the Kwantung Army attacking from the Youyu side. At this point, the northern Jin and northern regions around Chanan, Suidong and Datong all fell into the hands of the enemy.

Let's look at the battlefield of the Pinghan Railway and the southern line of Jinpu Road.

Because this line is arranged with seven squadron armies, a total of 68 divisions and 32 independent brigades, plus logistics and baggage troops, a total of 1.08 million people.

Among them, including the two most elite units of the Central Army in China - Wei Lihuang's 14th Group Army (under the jurisdiction of Hao Mengling's Ninth Army and Li Mo'an's 14th Army) and Xue Yue's 19th Group Army (under the jurisdiction of Xue Yue's 5th Army, Guan Linzheng's 52nd Army), as well as the 21st Group Army's Liao Lei Army, including the 7th Army of the Gui Department's first ace steel army, the 20th Group Army led by Shang Zhen, a well-known general in the Jin Sui Army, and the 29th Group Army of Song Zheyuan, which has been in North China for many years. Under Liu Zhi's Second Army, Sun Lianzhong's First Army, which was the best at fighting tough battles, etc.

In view of this, Ishihara Wan'er also gathered heavy troops, dispatched 14 divisions, 16 mixed brigades, and 10 puppet Mongolian divisions to the southern line in one go, gathering a total of more than 800,000 troops, and crushing the southern line of the Pinghan Railway with the momentum of overwhelming the mountains and seas.

The second, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth independent squadrons of the Central Air Force stationed at Baoding Qingyuan Airport covered the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth independent bomber squadrons, trying to suppress the enemy's attack, but at this time, the enemy's terrible four-bomber cluster reappeared, nearly 100 YB17 Aerial Fortress bombers, under the cover of 28 Falcon fighters and 42 American Curtiss XP40 fighters, the two sides engaged fiercely in the airspace of Baoding.

The Central Air Force did not know the strength of the enemy's four-engine bombers, rushed into the enemy's bomber group, and prepared to muddy the situation; whoever wanted to lose nearly half of the fighters as soon as they exchanged fire, and then under the pressure of the enemy's fighters step by step, they advanced and retreated, and finally when the enemy bomber group came to the skies over Baoding, it suffered a complete defeat, and a total of 50 A25 and A26 fighters of the five independent destroyer groups lost 38 planes, and the bombers of various types of the remaining three independent bomber squadrons were completely annihilated, and the transport planes that stayed at the airfield were completely annihilated. The reconnaissance planes were all destroyed by the enemy's aerial bombs, and at this point, air supremacy in North China completely fell into the hands of the enemy.

Under the enemy's overwhelming artillery fire and unscrupulous attacks by bombers, coupled with the charge of tank clusters, the Sichuan army, which had never seen such fierce artillery fire, was the first to collapse, and the three divisions of Deng Xihou's 22nd Group Army stationed in the areas of Gaobeidian, Laishui, and Yixian suffered one-third casualties before engaging the enemy, and the rest of the officers and men turned around and ran away, and the chaotic army broke through the defense line of Xue Yue's 19th Group Army, and the enemy's armored troops took advantage of the situation to cover up and kill, and the battle line of the 19th Group Army was disrupted. Before the officers and men of the Fifth Army and the Fifty-second Army could react, they were carried by the chaotic army and retreated all the way to Baoding.

Due to the fall of the western defense line, the flanks of the 20th Group Army of Shangzhen, which were holding Rongcheng, Xin'an, and Xiongxian north of Baiyangdian, were exposed, and they also urgently withdrew to Baoding as a last resort; Liao Lei's 21st Group Army, which was defending Dacheng, Wen'an, and Xinzhen counties, encountered a strong attack by enemy troops in the direction of Tianjin and resisted stubbornly. The enemy had a great appetite, and even sent two divisions to cross the Ziya River in the northwest direction of Cangxian County, and after rounding the flank of the 21st Group Army, they captured Renqiu southeast of Baiyangdian and cut off the 21st Group Army's westward retreat. In desperation, Liao Lei led the Gui army to retreat south quickly and retreated to Xian County, north of Cangshi Road under planning and construction.

Taking advantage of the unstable foothold of the Baoding army, the enemy army used the train to open the way, loaded heavy troops, and wanted to raid Baoding, but was discovered by the first army of the Second Group Army Sun Lianzhong, which was firmly holding Xushui County north of Baoding City, and Sun Lianzhong's army planted a large amount of explosives on the Nanyishui River railway bridge in advance, and detonated it when the enemy train drove to the center of the railway bridge, causing more than 1,000 casualties to the enemy.

Ishihara Wan'er failed to make a plan and then used another plan, bypassing Mancheng in the west of Baoding, defeating the third army of Zeng Wanzhong of the second group army that was defended, successfully occupying Mancheng, and coercing Baoding.

At this time, Baoding City was already facing the threat of the enemy army in Tianjin from the eastern front, and it could fall under the enemy's attack at any time, in this case, Sun Lianzhong's first army took the initiative to retreat, and then, the enemy army in the north forced to cross the Nanyishui River and forced to Baoding City.

In the face of the siege from three sides, hundreds of thousands of troops in Baoding City had no fighting spirit and scattered in a hurry, and retreated south to the line of the Dasha River before stopping.

Sun Lianzhong's First Army rushed to repair the fortifications and build the central position of the entire river defense line, in the area of Xinle County, while Xue Yue led the 19th Group Army to stick to Xingtang County on the western front, and the 22nd Group Army of the Sichuan Army, which had just seen the cruelty of the enemy, was ordered to defend the three forks. In order to enhance the strength of the 22nd Group Army, the Theater Command assigned three divisions of the Janssen Division of the Sixth Army Corps, which also belonged to the Sichuan Army, to the 22nd Group Army.

At the same time, Wei Lihuang's 14th Group Army, which had been guarding Shijiazhuang, had already built a solid fortification along the Hutuo River, and at present, the 14th Group Army, the 20th Group Army, the 13th Army of the Second Group Army, and the 38th Army were all converging on this line of defense.

On 8 October, the enemy army in Tianjin dispatched four divisions to penetrate the defense line of Song Zheyuan's 29th Group Army defending in Cangxian, and then divided into two divisions, turned westward, and again bypassed the flank of the 21st Group Army stationed in Xianxian.

Facing the pressure of the three divisions of the enemy army on the northern front, the officers and men of the Gui army reluctantly chose to retreat south again, and immediately, the enemy troops of the five divisions gathered together and attacked Lincheng, an important town on the southern line of the Pinghan Railway, through Wuqiang and Ningjin.

The defense of Lincheng is empty, once the enemy occupies Lincheng, the main force of Shijiazhuang will fall into the encirclement of the enemy, and there is no choice but to retreat west to Shanxi, in this case, Chiang Kai-shek, who commanded the operation by remote control, had to send Wei Lihuang's 14th Group Army and Shang Zhen's 20th Army to the south as soon as possible, and the enemy's five divisions fought a decisive battle in Lincheng.

In this battle, the enemy army again dispatched a group of four bombers, but the 14th Army and the 20th Group Army also received the anti-aircraft fire and huge artillery group of the Anjia Army in Baoding City, and the two sides fought fiercely for four days and four nights, with the 14th Group Army losing almost two-thirds of the battle and the 20th Group Army losing nearly half of the battle.

By October 18, the enemy army completely cut off the Pinghan Railway, and then, the enemy army along the Pinghan Railway north, trying to attack Shijiazhuang, in this case, in order to preserve the vital force, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the troops stationed in Shijiazhuang to retreat along the Zhengtai Railway to Niangzi Pass, and take advantage of the natural danger of Taihang Mountain, and confront the enemy.

During this period, the 29th Group Army of Song Zheyuan on the Jinpu Road took advantage of the vacancy of the enemy's troops to move westward to defend the enemy, and carried out a bypass attack from Nanpi to the enemy's flank, and completely annihilated a mixed brigade of the enemy army on the 14th to recover Cangxian.

On October 21, the enemy army moving south from Shijiazhuang defeated Xu Yuanquan's Second Army Corps under the Second Group Army in Handan, and blocked the three cavalry armies looking for fighters in the Daimyo area.

On October 22, four enemy divisions landed in Qingdao, and then quickly followed the Jiaoji Railway to Jinan, the capital of Shandong, and the 29th Group Army, which was holding on to Dexian, was worried that the back road would be cut off, so it resolutely retreated southward, and finally retreated across the Yellow River before Han Fuyu abandoned Jinan, retreated to Tai'an, and took over the Tai'an city defense left behind by Han Fuyu after fleeing without a fight.

On 25 October, the remnants of the Second Army, the Second Army, the Tenth Army, the Twelfth Army Corps, and the Fifteenth Army Corps on the north bank of the Yellow River withdrew safely to the south bank of the Yellow River.

At this point, the entire Hebei campaign ended, and the two countries were taking stock of their gains and losses and accumulating strength for the next battle.

In this changed history, although the squadron still failed, almost all the troops were retained in formation, and the troops that retreated into Shanxi alone were as many as six group armies, laying a solid foundation for the final victory of the next war of resistance.

At the same time, due to the unremitting efforts of Anyi Group, half of the 40 million people in the entire area north of the Yellow River, east of Taihang Mountain, and north of Heng Mountain have left the place where their ancestors have lived for generations through various ways and gone south to the southwest, saving a large number of human resources for the Chinese nation.

At the same time, the people who chose to stay behind, due to the sparse local population, the per capita cultivated area has greatly increased, and the lives of the people who have been oppressed by the enemy invaders have improved somewhat.

Because Han Fuyu did not receive the order of the central government, he successively abandoned Weixian (now Weifang), Zhoucun, Jinan on the Jiaoji Railway, and also gave up Tai'an, Dawenkou, Qufu and other places on the Jinpu Road.

Chiang Kai-shek remained quiet, and when he convened a military and political meeting in Xuzhou on the 26th, he secretly arrested Han Fuyu and then tried him. Han Fuyu refused to admit his guilt and was assassinated in his place of detention on the night of 27 July.

In addition, because Liu Zhi performed extremely poorly in this large-scale war, he was refrigerated by Chiang Kai-shek, not only stripped him of the position of commander of the Second Army, but also deprived him of the post of director of the Henan-Anhui Pacification Office because Henan had become a war zone.

Liu Zhi returned to his hometown of Ji'an, Jiangxi, and waited for Chiang Kai-shek to remember him again as a lucky general during the Northern Expedition and reactivate it.

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Mongolia has been a Chinese territory since ancient times, but after the October Revolution, Russia basically pursued an ideologically oriented strategy of revolutionary diplomacy. Under the banner of the Third International, the Russian Communist Party (CPB) and its government instigated revolutions abroad by means of propaganda and agitation, support and guidance. Its occupation of Outer Mongolia and its subsequent separatism from China are among the few successful examples of the export revolution. However, after the establishment of the revolutionary government of Soviet Russia, it was faced with the problem of establishing and maintaining normal relations with other countries, so a contradictory dual approach inevitably arose in the diplomatic strategy.

The Russian Party and the government succeeded in resolving the contradiction between the two policies, namely, to make the revolutionary diplomatic line of the Comintern and the Communist Party directly serve the national interests. What it has done to China and Outer Mongolia is clear proof of this.

Due to the above-mentioned reasons, Soviet Russia's diplomacy toward China fell into contradictions from the very beginning. On the one hand, it needed the recognition of the Chinese government, the elimination of the White Russians who had fled to China, and the security of the borders, but at the same time, the Third International and the United Communist Party (CPR) were plotting the secession of Outer Mongolia from China. Due to special historical conditions, by the end of October 1937, Soviet Russia had not only retained its vested position and interests in Outer Mongolia, but had also succeeded in deceiving the Chinese government and opposition to a certain extent and concealing the true face of its expansion.

Let's sort out history and recognize Soviet Russia as it is.

In November 1917, shortly after the seizure of power by the Russian Communist Party, Lenin announced that "all that the Tsarist government had plundered from the Chinese people alone and together with a certain country and the Entente countries would be returned to the Chinese people." On July 25, 1919, the Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Garahan, issued a declaration on the Chinese people and the governments of northern and southern China (also known as the First Declaration of Soviet Russia on China), reiterating once again that "the Soviet government has abandoned Manchuria and other regions seized from China by the tsarist government." On September 27, 1920, on behalf of the Russian Soviet Federal Government, Garrahan again issued a declaration on China (i.e., the Second Declaration on China), reiterating that "all treaties signed by the previous Russian Government with China are null and void, that all the territories previously seized of China and the Russian concessions in China shall be renounced, and that everything that the Tsarist Government and the Russian bourgeoisie have taken from China shall be returned to China permanently and without compensation." ”

According to this statement, then the Far East regions now occupied by Soviet Russia, including Primorye, Eastern Siberia, Sakhalin Island, and other areas east of Lake Belga, should be returned to China unconditionally. However, with the reconquest of the Soviet Far East, Russia soon began to misinterpret and outright deny the promises made in the declaration to return the land to China and the rights and interests of the Eastern Railway. What is even more serious is that its occupation of Outer Mongolia is in fact a direct negation of its "declaration on China."

This can only show that the first declaration of Soviet Russia on China was itself insincere, but mainly a means of propaganda to the outside world. In fact, the Russian leadership has always denied that its Far East was plundered from China, let alone wants to return it.

Mr. Nakayama replied: "I have full confidence in the sincerity of your government. I accept assurances from Moscow that it does not intend to separate this region from the political system of the Republic of China. I agree that the Soviet troops should remain there until there is a reconstituted government in Beijing that can negotiate with your government. The immediate withdrawal of your ** team will only cater to the interests of the imperialism of certain powers. ”

Seeing the sincerity of Mr. Zhongshan's cooperation, the Soviet and Russian sides were overjoyed, and soon the United Communist Party (CPR) made a policy of "giving full support to the Kuomintang." Sun Yat-sen was also determined to implement the idea of uniting with Russia. On January 26, 1923, Sun Yat-sen issued a manifesto, Article 4 of which stated: "The Russian Government has absolutely no intention or purpose. Therefore, Dr. Sun did not think that it was necessary to retreat immediately, because it was necessary for China's actual interests. The Chinese government in Beijing was powerless to prevent the occurrence of the White Russian conspiracy and resistance against the Red Russia after the withdrawal of Russian troops, and from creating a situation that was even more serious than it is now. ”

It is a pity that until October 28, 1937, there was still no performance from Soviet Russia.

But what happened today has given Mongolia new hope to return to China.

Due to the infiltration of the Moscow side, Choibalshan quietly assigned troops to lead the Moscow Red Army, entered the territory from Tangnu-Ulianghai, and advanced eastward along the Kuwutai station road, successively eliminating six patrolling infantry battalions of the Red Army of the Far Eastern Republic.

Subsequently, the 100,000-strong Moscow Red Army quickly moved north along the Kucha route, bypassing the rear flank of Lake Baikal, and tried to maneuver the rear road of the Red Army of the Far Eastern Republic, but on the front line of the city of Buying, it came head-on with the 80,000 Far Eastern Red Army under the command of Marshal Yegorov, who felt that the wind was not right, and led the troops to strengthen the defense of the Tangnu-Ulianghai Sea, and a fierce exchange of fire broke out.

Immediately, Stalin, who was harassed by the government of the Far Eastern Republic by means of propaganda such as radio and leaflets and newspapers by long-range aircraft, finally gave the order for all-out war.

Amid an overwhelming bombardment of shells and aircraft, half a million Muscovite Red Army rushed from the western front of Lake Baikal to the line of defense of the Red Army in the Far Eastern Republics.

A war for Soviet orthodoxy has finally broken out in full force!

History, at this moment, is revealed, and the storm generated by the fluttering of butterfly wings is getting bigger and bigger!