It was the season when the fragrance of cinnamon was on campus, Qi Yang almost trotted all the way into the comprehensive building, just received the news that the master's thesis defense was passed, and today's mood was immediately sunny, and even the fat roommate who loved to snore and didn't wash his feet became cute. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 infoThe first thing that came to his mind was to thank Professor Kuang.

Qi Yang gently knocked on the door of Professor Kuang's office.

"Please come in." Professor Kuang's voice rang out.

Pushing open the door, Professor Kuang didn't have a stage, he was concentrating on what material, the sunlight outside the window was sprinkled on Teacher Kuang, the silver hair was particularly conspicuous in the sunlight, the whole body had a blurred golden outline, Qi Yang almost saw a particle of dust dancing and singing in the beam, that picture was particularly beautiful, almost unreal.

"Teacher, I'm here to thank you, I passed the defense of my graduation thesis." Qi Yang always remembered that Professor Kuang told Qi Yang when he first saw him that he should not call himself a professor in the future, but should call himself a teacher, but did not explain why. Professor Kuang is a leading figure in the field of history, full of peach and plum, but he is particularly sincere and easy-going to students, and he does not refuse to come to many young students who come to visit, and this is how Qi Yang met Professor Kuang.

Although Professor Kuang is not Qi Yang's graduate supervisor, he is a key member of the thesis defense expert group and also participated in the thesis defense today.

"There is nothing wrong with the paper itself, it is normal to get passed, and it is inseparable from your own efforts, so you don't need to thank Mr. Xie. The teacher would like to ask you, why did you choose ancient warfare as a research topic? ”

Qi Yang smiled a little shyly, not knowing how to speak. Teacher Kuang motioned for him to sit down, got up and poured a glass of water for Qi Yang, and put it in front of Qi Yang. Then he looked at Qi Yang with encouraging eyes.

Qi Yang took a sip of water: "Actually, in fact, teacher, I have had heroic dreams since I was a child, I loved to read martial arts novels when I was a child, and I became fascinated by the heroes in historical stories when I was in high school." So, I chose this topic. ”

Professor Kuang nodded: "But the 10,000-word flat policy will be exchanged for the owner's tree planting book." Swords and books, the dreams of many generations of students. Very romantic indeed, very beautiful. ”

Qi Yang was a little strange, and Professor Kuang's expression was a little solemn today: "Qi Yang, you have passed the graduation defense, the next step will be an important crossroads in your life, either go to society or devote yourself to academics, have you thought about it?" ”

Qi Yang nodded: "Teacher, I've thought about it, I want to do academic research, and I want to apply for your doctoral exam." ”

Professor Kuang was not surprised at all: "The teacher does not approve of you applying for my doctoral program. ”

After listening to Professor Kuang's words, Qi Yang was very surprised, and asked very frustratedly: "Teacher, is my ability not good?" ”

"Let's not talk about what major you applied for, let's talk about your graduation thesis first." Professor Kuang flipped Qi Yang's graduation thesis to the table of contents on the title page: "Starting from the Qin Dynasty and the Six Kingdoms to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the Qing Dynasty, you intercepted all the large-scale wars as the research background, and analyzed the war from multiple perspectives such as the distribution of snobbery, the personal characteristics of the generals, the collection of military intelligence, the layout of the battlefield situation, and the factors of inevitable and accidental wars, hoping to define the reasons for the victory and defeat of the war from the perspective of history." This research angle is relatively new, and it is also very difficult. ”

Qi Yang admired it very much: "A teacher is a teacher, it took me a year to write a thick paper, and the teacher summarized it in one sentence." ”

"In the process of writing this paper, you must have come into contact with and studied a large number of historical materials and classics, have you seen or paid attention to the impact of the war on people's livelihood?" Professor Kuang's tone was gentle and gentle.

Qi Yang said honestly: "The impact of the war on people's livelihood is vague or brushed aside, and it is difficult to conduct in-depth research, so I did not study this perspective in my paper." ”

"Have you thought about the reason?" Professor Kuang asked.

Qi Yang shook his head suspiciously.

"Most of the compilation of historical books is official cultivation, and the person who writes history is the historian appointed by the imperial court, holding the king's salary, it is natural to stand in the perspective of the feudal emperor and the general to set up a monument for these big people, and the historian who can objectively evaluate their merits and losses is considered a historian with a conscience. However, it is difficult to record historical facts from the perspective of people's livelihood, on the contrary, there are a large number of records of the suffering of the common people in folk history and poetry and songs. Qi Yang's doubts were not at all strange to Professor Kuang, and he went on to explain: "A true scholar can transcend class positions, and the most valuable thing for a scholar is not professional education or research ability, but a heart full of conscience. ”

"A heart full of conscience?" Qi Yang muttered to himself, as if he understood but did not understand.

"People have more and more complex standards for judging right and wrong, and if the same thing is changed from a different angle and position, black will become white, right will become wrong, and good will become bad. In fact, how can it be so complicated, the teacher has a nanny at home, it is a middle-aged sister-in-law who went to the city to work in the countryside, she has not read any books, and she can't recognize a few words, once when chatting, the teacher asked him, do you know Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, the leaders of the peasant rebel army? She said she knew. The teacher asked him again, do you think they are good or bad? She said it was the bad guy. Teachers are very strange, how can you be so sure that they are bad people? The nanny told me that she came from Sichuan, but her ancestral home was in Hunan, and there was an ancestral hall in her hometown, and when she worshiped her ancestors every year, the old patriarch would tell the people about history, saying that Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong launched a peasant uprising, and many people died in this war in Sichuan. ”

Qi Yang looked at the teacher in a daze, not understanding why he would talk to him about this.

"Teacher, here are some figures, just take the background of the war described in your paper as an example, let's talk about the Qin State, from 205 BC to 195 BC at the beginning of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, a total of 10 years. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, there were more than 20 million people in the country, and by the beginning of the Han Dynasty, only two or three thousand of the original 10,000 households were left, eliminating 70% of the original population. That is, two or three tenths of the population of large cities remain. There is even a phenomenon that the Son of Heaven cannot have a Jun Si, but will be a general or take an ox cart, and the people have no cover; Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reigned for more than 50 years, crusading against the Xiongnu several times, the sea was wasted, the population was halved, and 50% of the population died; In 2 AD, the country's population was 59.59 million. After the warlord melee in the late Western Han Dynasty, by 57 AD in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the population was only 21 million, and the loss rate reached 65%; As for the Three Kingdoms, people talk about the heroes, but who knows that in 156 A.D. there were still 50 million people, the Yellow Turban Uprising, the Battle of Guandu, and the Battle of Chibi were fought one after another, and the population dropped to 7.67 million in 265 A.D. "The head hangs in front of the horse, and the woman is carried in the back of the car", "The white bones are exposed in the wild, there is no rooster crowing for thousands of miles, there are more than one people, and the thought breaks people's intestines"; There are also the rebellion of the eight kings of the Jin Dynasty, the war between the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the population that has finally recovered, as long as the war is together, the abnormal mortality rate is more than six or seventy percent; During the Sui Dynasty, the population of the country decreased from 46.02 million in 606 to 16.65 million in 618. From the end of the Sui Dynasty to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, from 611 to 628 A.D., there were 136 mutinies, civil uprisings and palace coups, and there were more than 50 emperors and kings, all of whom commanded more than 150,000 troops. The number of households in the country decreased from 8.9 million to 2.9 million, and the population decreased from 46.02 million to 12.35 million, a loss of more than 70%; The Anshi Rebellion, the Huangchao Uprising, and the melee of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, even the commander couldn't control the burning, killing and looting of the army, and the corpses were all over the field; In 1122 AD, the population of the country was 93.47 million, and by the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty in 1274, the population was 8.87 million. The loss rate was as high as 91%, and the Mongols exterminated Khorezm, slaughtered a million people in Samarkand City, and exterminated the Western Xia, slaughtering more than 800,000 people. The Mongols made several expeditions to the west, including the massacre of hundreds of thousands of people in Baghdad, and the whole of Central Asia was in ruins. Kublai Khan alone slaughtered 18 million people, 90% of Han Chinese civilians in northern China were genocided, and China lost more than 70 million people under the killing and rule of the Mongols; The melee at the end of the Ming Dynasty, from Li Zicheng's uprising to the destruction of Wu Sangui, fought for 54 years. The population went from 100 million to 14 million when it came to Shunzhi. More than 80 million people died. Zhang Xianzhong, the leader of the so-called peasant rebel army, captured the CD in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen and ordered the city to be slaughtered for three days. Before escaping from CD, the "Four Light Policy" was implemented, and Sichuan was almost extinct; In 1851, when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom broke out, the country's population was 430 million, and by 1863, when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed, the population dropped by 200 million in 12 years, of which 40 million died directly in the war。。。。。。。。 These numbers are very boring, but the crimes behind the numbers are too numerous to mention, the common people are mourning all over the wilderness, miserable, and cannibalism, look at Du Fu's poems, that is the true portrayal of the war to the people. Professor Kuang finished speaking in one breath, his chest rising and falling slightly.

Qi Yang was completely shocked, the first time someone explained the war to himself from such a perspective, he suddenly had a thorough and deep understanding of what is called "one will succeed and ten thousand bones will wither", this is not ridicule, not a description, not to mention the words and phrases of the princely generals singing praises to each other, that is the common people are describing a fact without embellishment, nothing more.

"Especially our country, thousands of years have experienced deep war disasters, peace for a long time, perhaps many people have long forgotten the trauma of war, only know to worship the heroes in the war, only know the magnificent glory of the art of war, we who study history, have the responsibility and obligation to warn the world, not to speak lightly of war, especially in a country like ours with multi-ethnic integration, we should cherish peace, once the demon of war is released, it will be out of control, and it will be too late and too late to repent of being truly immersed."

Qi Yang stood up: "Thank you, teacher, I understand, it is the responsibility and obligation of our historians to warn the world about the dangers of war." ”

Professor Kuang nodded with satisfaction: "Graduating with a master's degree means that you have entered the classroom in the professional field and can independently carry out academic research and choose academic directions, but according to the teacher's experience in learning, you will not be able to do real learning without solving the problems of world view and methodology." Therefore, the teacher does not recommend that you apply for my doctoral degree immediately, but suggests that you work hard in philosophy, sharpen your knife and not chop wood, and have a foundation in philosophy. ”

Qi Yang bowed deeply to Professor Kuang, and when he raised his head, Professor Kuang suddenly disappeared, the whole room was empty, the light became extremely dazzling, and the space began to become distorted: "Teacher Kuang, Teacher Kuang。。。。。。。。。。 ”