The elegiac scientist, a professor of chemistry, was drunk that night, stayed at the Earl's Court, and the next day wrote a widely circulated article, combining reason and passion, and compiled the words of the Earl yesterday, which was published in the largest local newspaper, under the headline: The Earl of Cambridge killed God, and I was at the scene of the crime.

The article was later translated into more than a dozen languages, causing an uproar. The unsure were stunned, and in their eyes, Downing had become a complete atheist, and quite a murderous kind. And readers with a certain degree of scientific literacy have drawn a huge question mark in their hearts, is this true? It seems to be true. In any case, there are many people in the scientific community who believe in it, and even gave birth to the Windsorists, Bong Downing? Windsor is the first god in the scientific community and worships it.

Soon after, the journal Nature published a book detailing the theory of evolution, but the article was co-authored by the two of them, and Alfred ? Russell? Wallace is the first author. This article documents the birth of the theory of evolution as follows.

Wallace found that the flora and fauna of the East Indies were completely different from those on the eastern and western islands, and that a clear line of demarcation could be drawn between them. For example, it can be divided from Borneo and Celebes to the south to the small islands of Bali and Lombok. This line came to be known as the Wallace Line.

The mammals of the eastern islands and Australia are clearly more primitive than those of the western islands and Asia, and to put it more specifically, more primitive than the mammals of the rest of the world. It seems that Australia and some of the islands of the East were separated from the Asian continent a long time ago, when there were only primitive mammals on the continent, and the mammals with the placenta appeared later, and only the Asian continent existed. New Zealand may have been separated much earlier, because it has no mammals, but a primitive flightless bird, the most famous wingless bird that has survived to this day.

So how did the higher mammals on the Asian continent come about? Wallace couldn't understand, he sent a long telegram to Downing, expressing his doubts, and after Downing's inspiration, finally, Wallace came up with the principle of species evolution, and with the joint efforts of the two, perfected this theory, Downing also asked Wallace to return to London, bring his collection of specimens and photographs, and hold a science exhibition.

Although Wallace was the first discoverer of the theory of evolution, Downing's supplement to the theory of evolution is even more terrifying, directly expressing the conjecture of complementary double-stranded macromolecules of biological inheritance, drawing the evolutionary tree of various organisms, and also clearly pointing out the evolutionary path of human beings, completely rejecting creationism.

Regarding the differences in the creatures of each island and continent, Downing advised Wallace: "You cut out the continents on the world map and see what you find." ”

Wallace followed Downing's instructions, cut out the map of the world, and after many days of observation and hard thinking, he finally slapped his thigh: Oh, it seems that in ancient times, all the continents were connected. Thus, the theory of continental plate drift was born.

When the paper in the journal Nature was published, Darwin saw it, his face turned pale, and his intestines were blue. He had long been writing books on evolution, and his friends (including geologist C. C. Brown) had been writing books on evolution. Knowing that he was writing such a book, several people who had read the first draft of his work advised him to hurry up and get it done, lest he be preempted. Darwin was unwilling to rush to finish, so he was really preempted.

Darwin was a man who was particularly afraid of his wife, because he was a gentleman, a very gentle man, and when he saw his wife angry, he would blame himself very much, thinking that he should never make his wife angry anyway. And his wife Emma is a devout believer, imagine how Emma would feel if she found out that her husband was going to kill God? This is also one of the reasons why he does not dare to publish a book easily, I am afraid this is the real reason......

Well, there was no problem at all, all the anger of the cultists was focused on Wallace and Downing, and Darwin could only beat the side drum at best. Wallace was not famous, and he became famous in one fell swoop, but the most attractive firepower was the new Earl of Cambridge, Downing was already famous all over the world, not to mention his sponsorship of Wallace's trip to the East Indies, he also directly pointed out the evolutionary route of mankind, which was more excessive than Wallace.

The firepower has attracted others, and I should be happy, why am I so melancholy? Darwin didn't want to eat, and couldn't sleep all night. When he heard that Wallace had returned to London for a science exhibition, he was even more worried. Darwin's friends encouraged him to join him. If this event is missed, I am afraid that Darwin will really have to beat the side drum for the rest of his life, and he went to visit Wallace, who lived in Downing's house in Stoic Garden, with great trepidation, expressed his desire to participate in the exhibition, and took the manuscript of the book he had written for many years.

Darwin and Wallace originally had a little relationship, and Darwin was a geologist that Wallace respected, Wallace read Darwin's manuscript and sent a telegram to Downing that day: "Boss, it seems that someone discovered the theory of evolution before we ...... it."

Tang Ning called back: "Who?" Charles? Darwin? ”

Wallace: "Wow, you're God, that's him." I've read his books for many years, and the evidence is more than ours, and I'd like to invite him to the Science of Evolutionary Theory exhibition, you see......"

Downing: "I've heard as if he's writing this kind of book, and that's a good thing, to make your theory more complete, you can do these things, and I'm not a professional scientist, but I'd love to see an interesting truth discovered." Whether it's you discovering, it's Darwin's discovery, you've all made great contributions to the life sciences. I'm so proud of you, and I'll invite you to a big meal when I get back to London. ”

In fact, Wallace suspected that Downing had thought of the theory of evolution long before himself, because the way Downing inspired himself was quite obvious, but Downing gave up this great discovery opportunity to himself, which moved Wallace very much, and made Wallace, who was already a gentleman and respected Darwin's teacher, more humble, and decided to clarify one thing at the science fair, putting Darwin's name before himself, saying that Mr. Darwin was the first to discover the principle of evolution.

Darwin didn't have to beat the side drum anymore, but, you know, he was going to endure the torture of his wife this time.

Naturally, Darwin couldn't face such a gentlemanly two fellows, and he proposed that the three of them finish the book "The Origin of Species" together. The first author is Charles Darwin, the second author Wallace, and the third author Downing. Tang Ning added the conjecture of the double-stranded replication mechanism, the conjecture and evidence of human evolution, mainly the changes in brain capacity seen in the skulls of Australopithecus fossils, proving that from Australopithecus to apes, the brain capacity is getting bigger and smarter. There is also the theory of continental plate drift that Downing inspired Wallace to come up with, which is even more obvious, and Wallace directly attributes it to Downing's first idea.

The main exhibit in Darwin is the "Darwin's Sparrow". He made an important discovery in the Galapagos Islands (Galapagos means "turtle" in Spanish) in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 kilometers from Ecuador, and the ship stayed there for 5 weeks. What caught Darwin's attention the most were the many species of finches on the island, known as Darwin's finches. These finches can be divided into at least 14 species, and their differences are mainly in body size and beak shape. These species of finches are not found anywhere else in the world, but they look very similar to those found on the South American continent.

How can we explain the special properties of these finch? Why are these finches different from ordinary finches? How can they be divided into more than 10 different from each other? Darwin thought the most plausible hypothesis was that the island finches were bred from the continental finches and were isolated on the island for a long time and diverged, and that the differentiation was caused by different feeding patterns. There are three species that still retain the habit of continental finches - they eat seeds, but each eats different seeds, just three sizes of seeds: large, medium and small, two eat cacti, and most of the others eat insects.

Why do the feeding habits and physical characteristics of the finches change? This question puzzled Darwin for several years. In 1838, after reading a book by Malthus 40 years earlier, a glimmer of hope emerged for this answer: The Theory of Population. Malthus argued that the increase in population would inevitably eventually exceed the amount of food that could be supplied, and that it would eventually lead to a decrease in population through hunger, disease, or war. "Survival Competition" is what I see in this book.

Thinking of the finches he observed, it dawned on Darwin that food competition played an important role, and the more effectively he won food, the better it was for survival. At first, the Galapagos finches continued to breed, and the seeds gradually ran out of food, so competition arose, and only the stronger finches, or the finches that were particularly good at obtaining seeds, or those who switched to other foods, survived. A finch happens to have slightly different characteristics, being able to eat harder or larger seeds, or even insects, then it gets a new source of food; Similarly, a finch may have a slender beak that can reach food that other finches cannot eat; Or if the beak is very large and can eat food that other finches can't eat, these finches will survive more and give birth to more offspring, but they will become different from the original finches. Each adaptation finds a new, empty "ecological niche".

There were no finches in the Galapagos Islands, and many of the niches were empty and unobstructed by competitors, so they were easy to occupy. All the ecology on the South American continent has been completely occupied, and this prototype finch can only take care of itself and cannot reproduce more new species.

Each generation of animals is made up of individuals that are different from the usual, some of them may be larger, some of them may be slightly deformed, some of them will be more capable, some of them will be clumsy. These differences may be small, but as long as you are slightly more adaptive, you will live a little longer and have more offspring. Over time, the differences from the original species become larger and larger, and they can no longer even mate with each other, and then a new species is formed.

On November 1, 1853, the world of science ushered in a feast, with many scientists and enthusiasts from all over the world flocking to London's North Wick Park to see a science exhibition that claimed to kill God.

Can you kill God? When you see the specimens and fossils that actually exist, decide for yourself. All in all, the popularity of the exhibition is comparable to that of the International Industrial Fair. With the sponsorship of the big tyrants, this exhibition collects objects from many museums, and the scale is quite large.

The senior leaders of the church called Downing, Darwin, and Wallace the "Three Apostles of the Devil" and advised the subjects of the British Empire not to go to the science exhibition, lest they be induced by the devil. Tickets are so cheap......"

The ticket price is cheap, and Downing declared that when this event is not popular in the future, it will be free, so the audience who is reluctant to pay for the ticket can wait for the future to come, and now there are many people, and they have to take some measures.