The Qing Dynasty was the most active period of China's overseas immigration. Since www.biquge.info 19th century, there have been more than 20 million overseas Chinese and Chinese living in various parts of the world, most of whom live in Southeast Asia, Australia, and the United States and Canada in North America.

When Chinese and overseas Chinese first go abroad and come to a foreign country, they often rely on the help of three kinds of organizations, one is the clan association, the second is the hometown association, and the third is the Hongmen organization. To join the clan association, one must belong to the same clan, and to join the clan association, one must belong to the same clan, but there are no such restrictions on joining the Hongmen organization. Therefore, Hongmen has often become the most extensive mass organization uniting overseas Chinese and Chinese people in various places.

In the entire Southeast Asian region at the end of the Qing Dynasty, "wherever overseas Chinese went, there was the establishment of the Yixing Club (collectively referred to as the Hongmen Society), with millions of members." This figure may be exaggerated, but it shows that Hongmen does have a strong presence in the region.

As a secret group among overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese, the overseas Hongmen have many different characteristics from the domestic Hongmen because they live in a foreign country.

First of all, political consciousness has been weakened, and its functions of mutual assistance and resistance to violence have become more prominent. The domestic party often clashed with officials, so it was still in opposition to the Qing government; Overseas parties are mostly under the government of other countries, and their need to form associations is only to communicate with each other for the sake of sibling troubles.

Second, overseas Hongmen are generally legal or semi-legal organizations in the local area. Because the members of the Hongmen overseas are far away from the motherland, they have few relations with various political forces in the country, and they are rarely involved in the political struggles in the countries where they are stationed. As a result, some Hongmen organizations became legal or semi-legal associations at an early stage, such as the Hongmen Zhigongtang in North America, which was registered with the local government in the name of the Chinese Freemasonry, and the local government also treated it as a non-governmental welfare organization. Franklin? Before becoming president of the United States, Roosevelt also served as legal counsel for Hongmen Anliangtang for 10 years.

Third, until the late Qing Dynasty, the members of the domestic Hongmen (Tiandihui and Elders' Association) were still dominated by the lower-class masses, and the powerful of the lower-class masses served as their leaders. On the other hand, the overseas Hongmen were led by merchants and other propertied classes, and secret societies, like the townspeople's associations and trade associations, first reflected the interests of the overseas Chinese and the Chinese propertied class.

Therefore, the leaders of the Hongmen Tiandi Association organizations in overseas places often serve as the heads of various geographical organizations (hometown associations, etc.), blood organizations (clan associations, etc.), guilds and various associations of overseas Chinese and Chinese at the same time. Many mine owners, plantation owners, and "heads" of large corporations are themselves important leaders or members of an organization in the party.

For example, Ye Yalai in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chen Kaishun who runs Johor, Zheng Jinggui and Chen Yayan who opened up the Perak tin mine; In North America, Mr. Situ Meitang is not only a well-known overseas Chinese leader in the United States, but also the main person in charge of the American Zhi Gong Tang and An Liang Tang.

Although Xu Zhuangshi said it quite imposingly, the loss of political significance of overseas Hongmen is self-evident. What slogans against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty are almost no longer mentioned.

However, this is not unchangeable, because the fate of overseas Chinese and Chinese living under Western colonial rule is extremely tragic, they are not only oppressed by colonial rule, brutally oppressed and exploited by employers, but also discriminated against and humiliated by racists, as well as excluded and plundered by local white workers or indigenous people.

What is even more tragic is that they are not only unable to get the protection of their own government, but are even regarded as "rebellious" by the Qing rulers, and once they leave the country, they are not allowed to return, otherwise they will be punished. It is precisely for this reason that, once the overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese are mobilized, they will actively support the revolutionary struggle of the people at home in order to obtain the protection of the new government of their own country.

"Give them hope and let them know that a strong home country is their guarantee and reliance." Chen Fan summed it up, "The same is true of the tasks assigned by the headquarters. Moreover, the headquarters concluded that it still needed the vigorous assistance of overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese to carry out armed insurrection, and whether it was raising donations or recruiting troops to join the army, the headquarters was more optimistic about the strength of overseas Hongmen. As for the domestic parliamentary parties, it seems that the headquarters still has concerns and controversies about the use of them. ”

"The main thing is the disparity and limitations of education." Zou Rong said: "Although the domestic party has a strong sense of rebellion against the government, it has a strong sense of habit and feudalism, and does not know what a democratic republic is? ”

"The people of Honghui still overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty, in order to attack the wisdom of Han Gaozu, Ming Taizu, and Hong Tianwang, and have the heart of the imperial system." Chen Tianhua nodded in agreement, "They don't know the truth of the republic, and in the future, they will compete with each other and kill each other, which will cause a lot of harm." If we don't have nationalism and nationalism as our guide, I don't think we can rely on it. ”

"The ministry has its own considerations, and we obey it." Chen Fan pondered for a moment and said, "There is one more thing, Mr. Chen Wenqiang is about to travel to Nanyang to raise funds to set up an industry. The headquarters asked us to carry out propaganda and build momentum for him in public opinion. ”

"Although Mr. Chen Wenqiang is the pride of the Chinese in terms of invention and creation, he does not seem to be a member of this association, right?" Qin Yuliu asked a little puzzled: "Could it be that the headquarters wants to win him to join the club?" ”

"Whether you want to fight for it or not, this job is not for us to do." Zou Rong couldn't violate the confidentiality regulations, so he made an excuse, "Even if he doesn't join the association, as long as it can be beneficial to the development of the association, publicity and momentum should be done." ”

"That's right." Chen Tianhua nodded and said, "The exclusive sale of drugs is indeed an important source of funds for us. Besides, education saves the country, industry saves the country, science and technology save the country, whether it is correct or not, he always has the heart to save the country. ”

"In that case, let's hurry up and start our own actions!" Chen Fan nodded and said, "The gathering is so short, we will go our separate ways in the past two days, and I don't know when we will see each other again?" ”

"Everything is for the revolution, the present is short, but it is for the long in the future." Chen Chufen said: "As a revolutionary group, although the revival of China is early, it is not as rapid as our revival, right? ”

"That's true." Zou Rong agreed: "Comrades first establish a firm foothold, and then they will start a struggle against the royalists, completely sweep away the demonic atmosphere, expose the faces of Kang Liang and others who are willing to be slaves, and make the overseas Chinese who mishear and believe misunderstand their way back." ”

Chen Fan hesitated for a moment and decided to discuss with Zou Rong in private, the resolution of the headquarters was not so simple. This style of scolding is obviously not the meaning conveyed by the main department.