From the Westernization Movement, the Hundred Days Restoration, to the New Deal Reform after the Gengzi Incident, the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty formed a struggle between the old and new vested interest groups. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The so-called old vested interest groups were dominated by the Manchu aristocracy. They are the leading force of this regime. In the reforms, most of them did not directly receive the incremental part of the "utility", but were diluted the once political and economic monopoly.

As a result, they often act as a resistance to reform, especially political reform. This kind of opposition, although it will be under the banner of ideology (ancestral family law, Chinese style and Western use, etc.), is actually only out of interest concerns and mental loss. In general, what this group hopes for is a great leap forward in economic reform and a slow pace in political reform.

The new vested interest groups were dominated by the Han bureaucrats who had risen during the Westernization Movement and the local gentry who controlled the new enterprises, and these people were the direct beneficiaries of the reform and opening up in the late Qing Dynasty. As their economic status continued to rise, they wanted to gain a greater political voice and thus became the main force of the Constitutional Great Leap Forward. Again, this enthusiasm is not so much based on political ideas as it is on considerations of interest.

On the other hand, the new vested interest groups do not have the burden of being in power and the worries of maintaining stability, and they hope for change, even at the expense of political fluctuations, and often rely on public opinion to contend with the old groups and the government.

Historically, it was precisely the struggle between these two forces that led to the weakening of the Qing government's control, and finally its collapse.

As for Chen Wenqiang, he is now not only a representative of the new vested interest group, but also one of the leaders of the revolutionary party. This sounds a little unbelievable, but in Chen Wenqiang's thinking, reform and revolution are very similar, and the key lies in one degree, not two factions that are incompatible. In a certain situation. The two factions can cooperate and merge.

Therefore, the constitutionalists are not Chen Wenqiang's enemies, and he is willing to do his best to contribute to the strengthening of the constitutionalist faction. The stronger the constitutionalist faction, the more it could form a backlash against the Qing court, thus causing the constitutionalists to be dissatisfied with the Qing court.

The rotten and incompetent bureaucracy is incapable of drastic and heroic reforms. They are also unwilling to win the support of new interest groups by ceding and delegating power on a larger scale. If you don't reform and wait for death, and if you reform indiscriminately, you will find death, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty is basically hopeless in this dead knot.

Chen Wenqiang's thinking of using revolution to overthrow the Manchus was really because of the weakness and humiliation of the Manchus in diplomacy. It's just that foreigners seem to be able to obtain benefits through intimidation and threats, so that the Qing court can back down and compromise.

Therefore, the war against Macau and Portugal was not Chen Wenqiang's recklessness and impulsiveness, but a plan that was difficult for others to understand. At the same time, it is also to label yourself as strong. Get more support, or support.

Without violating the principles, Chen Wenqiang does not mind being used. If a person doesn't even have the value of being used, isn't that an incompetent and useless existence?

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"If our Party is calm in the face of external troubles and enables the government to go all out to the outside world, it will prove the true purpose of our Party. Patriotism and sincerity. Our party opposes the government and does not do evil to others. And there is not enough to do with its politics; Although he wants to reform his government, he does not dare to endanger the country. If you are so determined, you can tell the people of the country with self-confidence, and you can stand out in the world......"

The letter is very long, and it was not written by Chen Wenqiang himself, because the words in it are not too straightforward. It must have been ghostwritten and polished by someone else. However, it was Chen Wenqiang's proposition, which clearly stated that he wanted to use the war with Macau and Portugal to add glory to the Revival Society and stand out above the revolutionary groups.

"Baixian, what do you think?" Song Fuhua watched several people circulate the letter. First of all, I asked Zhao Sheng, commander-in-chief of the Southwest Revolutionary Army.

Zhao Sheng frowned slightly, pondered for a long time, and said: "It is the essence of the military family to attack while the weakness is weak, but what is said in the letter is quite reasonable. If a ceasefire on the eastern front can be used to gain the benefits of the northern expedition, it is foolish to think that it can be considered. ”

"Putting the state before politics is in line with the spirit of Western nationalism. This is the case in Western countries, but whenever they encounter external troubles, all partisan politics and internal disputes will be suspended, and they will unite with the outside world and make noise until the external troubles have subsided. Ge Zhichu thought about it and said: "If our party does not take advantage of the opportunity of external troubles to carry out revolutionary activities, then the people of the country will inevitably praise it, which is really a good way to win the hearts and minds of the people." ”

Song Fuchu nodded in agreement: "My first opinion is the country first and then politics, and politics first and then the party. If the country does not exist, what is the government? If there is success in politics, what is the difference between the party? The distinction between the state and the government is fundamental to the superiority of our Party's theory over other revolutionary groups, and it should not be discarded. Comrade Chen Sheng's opinion, I deeply agree. If we can take this opportunity to establish a new image in front of the people, it will be of great benefit to the success of the revolution in the future. ”

"A ceasefire in the east and an attack in the west will not only build an image, but also not affect the revolution, I agree." Zhao Sheng hesitantly raised his hand and said, "If we can enter Sichuan, then our army's strategic plan will be revised." ”

"Irikawa?" Song Fuhua repeated, did not make a decision immediately, thought for a moment, and said cautiously: "How many troops should be left in the base area to ensure that there is no danger?" How many men and horses can the Western Yunnan Military Region mobilize to fight in Sichuan? The General Staff will make a plan first, and then decide on it! ”

"Mr. Song is afraid that he will have to reach a consensus on the United Front committee." Zhang Ji, who had never spoken, said: "If they don't agree, or do their own thing, or split, the result is always bad." ”

"yes!" Song Fuhua smiled bitterly and said: "Jiawu, Gengzi, took advantage of the weakness and chaos of the Qing court to start an incident, or it has become a fixed thinking. Therefore, to convince them that it is better not to stop the revolutionary action altogether. There is a ceasefire on the Eastern Front, and there must always be progress in other directions. If the entry into Sichuan is too hasty, it may be possible to increase the troops of the Western Yunnan Military Region and attack westward, so as to make a move to restore the whole of Yunnan. ”

Zhao Sheng looked at Ge Zhichu and nodded lightly, Zhao Sheng said: "The General Staff will formulate a plan according to these two intentions, and then report to the three executive committee members of Mr. Song, Chen, and Wu. ”

"Okay, that's it." Song Fuhua pondered for a moment, smiled slightly, and said, "I'll reveal it to Brother Keqiang a little first and see his opinion." As long as he can show his support, others will be fine. ”

Take advantage of your illness to kill you. Beichen and even later alliances seem to have always implemented such ideas of uprisings, such as the Guangzhou Uprising in the first Wu year, and the Huizhou Sanzhoutian Uprising in the Gengzi year. Although the incident at a time when the external turmoil was severe, although it increased the possibility of success, it was criticized by people, and it did not take into account that the Qing court was disturbed by this and made concessions and compromises, and it was the national interests that were ultimately damaged. In the long run, such losses will have to be borne by the successful revolutionary government. (To be continued.) )