Liu Xin was silent for a while, nodded and said, "I don't know if Your Majesty is talking about the first party disaster or the second party disaster?" ”

The disaster of the party appeared twice in the late Han Dynasty, the first time was in the time of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, and the second time was in the period of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Therefore, Liu Xin didn't understand for a while that Emperor Han Ling was talking about the disaster of the party.

Emperor Han Ling smiled and said, "Brother Wang, you should know about these two disasters of the party. ”

Liu Xin nodded, as an important event in the late Han Dynasty, Liu Xin naturally knew about it.

First of all, the first disaster of the party, in 166 A.D. (that is, the ninth year of Yanxi), the eunuch Zhao Jin, Hou Lan and other henchmen and Zhang Fan, Xu Xuan and others joined forces to do evil, and deliberately committed crimes before Emperor Han Huan's amnesty to the world, hoping to escape punishment, and the officials at that time Cheng Jin, Zhai Chao, Liu Zhen, Huang Fu and others were not afraid of the powerful, and still dealt with these people according to the law after the amnesty, so Hou Lan and other eunuchs all spoke to Emperor Han Huan together, and finally Emperor Han Huan listened to the words of one side and punished these officials again.

As a result, Chen Fan, the important minister of the court at that time, the imperial lieutenant Chen Fan and Sikong Liu Mao, who were ranked among the three princes of the Han Dynasty, advised Emperor Huan of Han together, which led to Emperor Huan of Han's displeasure, and finally Liu Mao was afraid of power, so he didn't dare to say more, and Chen Fan continued to write alone, using the example of Shen Tu Jia in the early Han Dynasty to rebuke Deng Tong and Dong Xuan's posthumous impeachment of Princess Huyang, to justify the punished officials, and asked Emperor Han Huan to "cut off the source of Xi and government" and eliminate the unhealthy trend of eunuch chaos. As a result, Emperor Huan of Han ignored him, and the eunuch forces were even more jealous of the scholars, although the eunuch forces did not dare to harm the famous minister Chen Fan, but they took revenge on others.

As a result, most of the ministers, local officials, and ordinary people of the DPRK and China sided with the scholars, and accused the eunuchs of disorderly administration, doing evil, and rejecting loyalty. As a result, they were dismissed one after another, Cheng Jin, Liu Zhen and others were finally killed in prison, and Cen Hui, Zhang Mu and others fled and were spared.

At that time, Yin Li Ying of Henan Province executed the son of Zhang Cheng who deliberately killed people before the amnesty of the world, and Zhang Cheng was a henchman of the eunuchs. So after this incident, the contradictions between scholars and eunuchs broke out here.

Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty was furious, the edict to the world, arrest and try the party, the servant Qing Du Mi, the imperial history of the Cheng Chen Xiang and other important ministers and Chen Yu, Fan Fan and other scholars were wanted, and the Taiwei Chen Fan still thought that the "crime is not in order", refused to sign the edict, the edict at that time did not have Chen Fan's signature, then there was no way to implement, so Emperor Han Huan saw that the edict could not take effect, simply skipped the judicial process, and directly let the eunuch in charge of the Beisi Prison to try the case, Li Ying, Chen Yu, Fan Fan and others went to prison angrily, tortured by Miki ("Miki" refers to the stick, made of three pieces of wood, also called "smashing", clamping the person's ten fingers and pulling hard, its pain is incomparable, commonly known as "the punishment of three woods"

And not to change his words.

Because most of the party members arrested at that time were famous people in the world, that is, "sages" recognized by the people. At that time, the general of Duliao, Huangfu Gui, was ashamed of being arrested for not being listed as a "party member", and wrote a letter to "ministers should sit down", asking Emperor Han Huan to punish himself together, but Emperor Han Huan did not pay attention to Huangfu Gui.

Seeing this situation, Taiwei Chen Fan wrote again, admonishing Emperor Huan of Han with the matter of the third dynasty of Xia Shang, and his words were fierce, and Emperor Huan of Han thought he was too talkative, so he dismissed Chen Fan from the post of Tai Lieutenant on the charge of bad talent promoted by Chen Fan, and changed to Guangluxun Zhou Jing as Tai Lieutenant, and at the same time dismissed Sikong Liu Mao, and changed Guangluxun Xuanyu to Sikong.

In December of the same year, Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty's Empress Dou's father, Huaili Hou Dou Wu was the captain of the city gate, this person was listed among the three monarchs, sympathetic to the scholars, so he wrote a letter to intercede in the following year, at the same time, the eunuch Wang Fu and others who were responsible for hearing the case were also moved by the words of the party, and canceled the torture of them, and Li Ying and others deliberately confessed a lot of eunuch children in prison, so other eunuchs and others were afraid of implicating themselves, and made a statement to Emperor Han Huan, saying that the time had come, and it was time to give amnesty to the world, so on June Gengshen Day of the same year, Emperor Han Huan changed the Yuan Yongkang, amnesty to the world, so the imprisoned party members were released, but in the end they were all released to the field and deposed for life, known as the "first party disaster" in history.

As for the second disaster of the party, it happened in 168 A.D. (that is, the first year of Jianning), when the stunned Emperor Ling of Han ascended the throne, and Empress Dou was respected as the empress dowager by Emperor Ling of Han, and Dou Wu was appointed as a general because he was the father of the empress dowager, and Chen Fan was appointed as a lieutenant again, and the two of them mastered the government together with Situ Hu Guang, and the famous scholars Li Ying, Du Mi, Yin Xun, Liu Yu and others were re-employed, so most people in the officialdom and people believed that the sage was in the court, and the peaceful and prosperous era was coming.

As a result, the eunuch leaders at that time, Cao Jie, Wang Fu and others flattered and served in front of the Empress Dowager Dou, and the Empress Dowager Dou gave orders many times at their instigation.

So Chen Fan, Dou Wu and others thought that it was not a good phenomenon for eunuchs to interfere in court politics like this, so they discussed in private, and took advantage of the celestial phenomenon of the solar eclipse at that time to write to the empress dowager, asking for the removal of eunuchs from participating in politics, but the Empress Dowager Dou thought that there were eunuchs participating in politics from the time of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, which was a normal phenomenon, and finally although the empress dowager finally executed the eunuchs Guan Ba and Su Kang and other cannon fodder at the suggestion of Dou Wu and others, she still protected Cao Jie and other important eunuchs, and was unwilling to let the scholars punish them.

Soon after, there was a celestial phenomenon of the Tai Bai Xing passing through the house, from the general star into the Taiwei Yuan, the people at that time thought that this was a bad omen, symbolizing the traitor beside the emperor, and the general had a disaster, so Dou Wu and others were ready to get rid of the eunuch Cao Jie, Wang Fu and his party.

So on the Xinhai day of September (that is, the seventh day of the ninth month), Dou Wu took his turn to take a vacation, so he went out of the palace and went home, as a result, the eunuch stole his folds, learned the plan of the scholars, so he broke the blood alliance overnight, launched a coup d'état, the eunuchs and Zhao Rao, the nurse of Emperor Ling of Han, deceived the young Emperor Ling of Han, killed the eunuch Shan Bing, etc., who were close to the scholars, snatched seals, seals, charms, and festivals, coerced Shangshu to fake the edict, and kidnapped the Empress Dowager Dou, and began to hunt down Dou Wu, Chen Fan, etc.

After hearing the news, Chen Fan, who was over eighty years old, led dozens of Taiwei officials and students to draw swords and rush into Chengmingmen, and when they arrived at Shangshumen, they were captured because they were outnumbered and killed on the same day.

And Dou Wu is galloping into the infantry battalion to fight against, when the Hun Zhonglang general Zhang Huan previously led the army to the expedition, at this moment just returned to Beijing, has not yet understood the situation, the eunuch and others deceived him by false edicts, Zhang Huan mistakenly thought that Dou rebellion, then and Shaofu Zhou Jing led five battalions of soldiers and Wang Fu led more than 1,000 Tiger Ben Army, Yulin Army together to attack Dou Wu, and finally Dou Wu was besieged and had no choice but to commit suicide, and Dou Wu's clan relatives and guests and servants Liu Yu, Tun Cavalry Captain Feng Shu and others were wiped out, Hu Ben Zhonglang will Liu Shu, Shangshu Wei Lang and others were also framed and forced to commit suicide, Empress Dowager Dou was placed under house arrest in Nangong, and Li Ying and others were dismissed again and imprisoned for life.

At that time, Ba Su also participated in Dou Wu's plan, but the eunuch didn't know, so he was just imprisoned, but Ba Su thought that "those who are ministers dare not hide their plans, and they do not escape punishment if they are guilty, and they dare not escape their punishment!" So he went to the county official office to take the case, and the county official planned to release the seal and flee with Basu, but Basu did not agree and was eventually killed.

And Chen Fan's friend Zhu Zhen abandoned the official and wept bitterly, buried Chen Fan's body, and hid his son Chen Yi in Ganling, and was finally denounced, resulting in Zhu Zhen's family being arrested and tortured, but Zhu Zhen swore to death and refused to tell Chen Yi's whereabouts, and Chen Yi was spared.

Dou Wu's mansion Peng Hu Teng collected and buried Dou Wu's body and mourned for Dou Wu, so he was also imprisoned for life, and Dou Wu's grandson Dou Fu, who was only two years old at the time, was taken in by Hu Teng and pretended to be his son, and then Hu Teng and Ling Shi Zhang Chang hid him in Lingling, and Dou Fu was spared.

At this time, Zhang Huan was promoted to the title of Great Si Nong by the eunuchs because of the merit of "counterinsurgency", and was made a marquis, but Zhang Huan hated himself for being deceived by Cao Jie and other eunuchs, killing the country's loyalty and goodness, and making a big mistake, so he resolutely refused to accept the seal, and soon after took advantage of the changes in the sky and wrote to Emperor Ling, asking for Dou Wu, Chen Fan and others to be rehabilitated, and finally welcomed back the Empress Dowager Dou, and recommended Li Ying and others to serve as the third duke, Emperor Ling of Han thought he was reasonable, but the eunuchs slandered and changed Emperor Ling's mind, and instead held Zhang Huan responsible. Zhang Huan went to Tingwei, was detained for several days, fined for three months, and finally dismissed from office and returned home, imprisoned for life.

Later, Langguan Xie Bi also wrote a letter to avenge the grievances of Dou Wu, Chen Fan and others, asking to welcome back the Empress Dowager Dou, but was demoted and killed by the eunuchs.

At this time, the eunuch forces thought that Dou Wu, Chen Fan, Li Ying, Du Mi and others were still famous, so they refused to give up, and began to slander Emperor Han Ling again, framing the party members for "wanting to try to be in society", intending to rebel, and Emperor Han Ling, who was only 14 years old at the time, was deceived by them, so he was imprisoned and tracked down the scholars and the party.

As a result, more than 100 people, including Li Ying, Du Mi, Zhai Chao, Liu Ru, Xun Yi, Fan Fan, and Yu Fang, were again imprisoned and executed, and the eunuch forces arrested, killed, exiled, and imprisoned six or seven hundred scholars in various places. Then he was going to go to the prison, but Runan County ordered Guo Yi to remove the seal ribbon after hearing about it, and ran away with Fan Fan, but Fan Fan said: I am dead, and the disaster is over, how dare I affect you?"

So, Fan Fan said goodbye to his mother, and Fan's mother said to Fan Fan: "My son can be as famous as Li Ying and Du Mi today, so why hate death?" Then more than 100 people, including Li Ying and Du Mi, were killed.

Zhang Jian, who had offended the eunuchs before, went into exile, on the way, he went to stay when he saw people (this is also the origin of the idiom "Wangmen Surrender"), each family was willing to take him in even if they knew that taking him in would lead to death, so Zhang Jian was able to flee to Saiwai with the help of everyone, but because of taking him in and the people who were held accountable to destroy the door, there were dozens of families before and after, and their clan relatives were killed, and the county was ruined, Liu Xin said that he didn't know what to say, so it was the second disaster of the party, But that's not really the end of it.

Eight years later, in 176 A.D. (that is, the fifth year of Xiping) leap May, Yongchang Taishou Cao Luan suddenly wrote a letter for the "party people" to complain, asking for the release of the confinement, the Ling Han Emperor not only did not listen, but arrested and executed Cao Luan, and then, the Han Ling Emperor issued an edict, all the party protégés, former officials, fathers and sons, brothers and officials, all dismissed, imprisoned for life, and implicated the five clans, so that the scope of the second party disaster expanded, affecting more innocent people.

In the spring and February of 184 A.D. (that is, the first year of Zhongping), the Yellow Turban Rebellion arose, and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was afraid that the party members would rebel with the Yellow Turbans, so he began to grant amnesty to the world on the day of Ding You in April of summer, exempting relatives and party members from the imprisonment of those who are not in small merit.

Then in 189 A.D. (that is, the sixth year of Zhongping), after Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty died of illness and drove to the west, Liu Bian, Emperor Shaodi of the Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, and his relative He Jin served as a general and took charge of the government, and He Jin tried to eliminate the eunuch Zhang Rang, Zhao Zhong and others, but was lured into the harem by the eunuch to kill, so in order to avenge He Jin, Yuan Shao, a bureaucrat from a wealthy family, led the troops into the palace and killed the eunuchs, ending the situation of the long-term dictatorship of the eunuchs. For the first time, the scholar forces turned over and became masters.

In September, Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang and began to take power, abolished the young emperor of the Han Dynasty and replaced the Han Xian Emperor, so he sent envoys to pay tribute to Chen Fan, Dou Wu and others, so after a full 22 years, the Eastern Han Dynasty court was officially rehabilitated for Chen Dou and others, and the second party disaster was officially over.

Although Liu Xin believes that the "scourge of the party" is essentially a form of intensification of the power struggle within the ruling group, in the face of the corruption of officialdom and political darkness caused by the dictatorship of eunuchs, some knowledgeable scholars and doctors dare to come forward and promote the turbidity, which is not only a kind of self-salvation for the fundamental interests of the class, but also reflects the voice of the people, so it has a certain degree of justice and should be affirmed, but there are also many scribes who are a little radical and forcibly sent to death, which makes Liu Xin feel a little inappropriate.

However, I have to say that the impact of these two disasters of the party is very bad, it can be said that these two disasters of the party have killed too many Han loyalists and talents, which led to the increasingly dark politics of the Han Dynasty, and finally caused the Yellow Turban Uprising, but it is precisely because of the Yellow Turban Uprising that the second disaster of the party has ended, which has to be said to be a kind of irony...

However, Liu Xin still doesn't understand, these two disasters of the party are not a good thing, why does Emperor Han Ling look very proud, and what does this have to do with Hou Lan, who should have died, after all, Hou Lan died from the beginning...

Therefore, Liu Xin still looked at Emperor Han Ling with a confused expression.