[25] Aviation Industry Bureau

Xiaoqiang sat down, coughed his throat, and officially opened:

"We know that modern aviation began after the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century in the West.

In 1783, hot air balloons and hydrogen balloons were launched in France. In this year, the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China was happily touring Shengjing for the fourth time, boasting of his "Wencheng Wude".

Sixty-nine years later, in 1852, a manned airship powered by a steam engine appeared in France, and the first human powered flight was realized. Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty was busy fighting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 12 years after the Opium War in 1840, and the decadent feudal dynasty was in decline.

In this way, another 51 years later, in 1903, the two Wright brothers in the United States built an airplane equipped with an internal combustion engine and a propeller successfully made the first sustained, powered, and maneuverable manned flight of a winged aircraft. This was an epoch-making initiative that opened a new era of human aviation. Of course, the humans here cannot barely count the Chinese. The people of the country, known in the West as the Yellow Pig, were struggling with the strangulation of the Qing court after the failure of the Wuxu Reform, and Cixi continued to hunt down the revolutionary party. As the 36th new product of the Western powers, the Gengzi indemnity further sucked the bone marrow of China. Everyone knows that the Qing Dynasty successively signed 40 treaties that humiliated the country, that is to say, if there were 4 more, the defeated dynasty would be finished.

Another 41 years later, by 1944, the total production of Shijie aircraft reached 230,000 aircraft, more than the entire entire First Shijie World War combined. The aviation industry has formed a huge industry, and there has been tremendous progress in aviation science. The achievements of jet jishu and supersonic aerodynamics, structural mechanics, thermodynamics, materials science, etc., which had already appeared during the war, were further developed and applied after the war. Jet engines have widely replaced piston engines, airplanes have broken through the "sound barrier" and "thermal barrier", and their flight speed has reached 2-3 times the speed of sound, and mankind has stepped into the era of supersonic jet flight.

This year, World War II is coming to an end, and "Mao Xuan Part I" has also been published, but China's aircraft dream is still far away from our Chinese children.

The gap between the two hundred years before and after, we will start to make up for it from today. ”

After that, Xiao Qiang looked around at all the leading comrades present, and saw that everyone's eyes were staring at him, and it seemed that his opening remarks were okay.

Cao Xiaoqiang pretended to pick up the white porcelain teacup in front of him, took a sip of water, and began to continue to talk:

"The aviation industry is a typical knowledge-intensive and jishu-intensive industry. It continuously absorbs and integrates the achievements of basic sciences such as aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics, structural mechanics, aeroelastic mechanics and metallurgy, polymer chemistry, electronics, jet propulsion, automatic control, and technology, and at the same time is supported by a large number of industrial sectors such as metallurgy, chemical industry, fuel, machinery, electronics, textiles, and building materials. Therefore, the aviation product, the aircraft, is the crystallization of modern science and is known as the "flower of industry". The development of the aviation industry constantly puts forward new requirements, and promotes the development of various related disciplines and the progress of the industrial sector.

The degree of development of the aviation industry and the degree of sophistication of the aircraft provided have become an important indicator of a country's national defense strength and economic strength. In modern three-dimensional warfare, military aircraft are not only responsible for seizing air supremacy, carrying out ground attacks, carrying out battlefield interdiction, air transportation, and other major combat missions, but can even carry out surprise attacks before the outbreak of war, so they are an important factor in determining the course and outcome of the war.

Strategically, long-range bombers carrying nuclear bombs and missile nuclear weapons are combined to form a nuclear deterrent, which has become an important means of threatening peace and at the same time containing war. In the civilian field, airplanes provide people with fast, economical, safe and comfortable means of transportation, facilitate people's lives, improve the work efficiency of the whole society, promote the development of remote areas, and close exchanges between Shijie countries. In terms of industrial and agricultural production, aircraft provide a variety of operations and services, and are widely used in geological exploration, resource survey, geodesy, land planning, offshore oil exploitation, high-altitude hoisting, rescue liaison, as well as sowing and fertilization, weeding and insect control, forest fire prevention, environmental protection and other fields, and have had a profound impact on the transformation of traditional production methods. ”

I don't know if I understood, anyway, the leaders present nodded one after another, seemingly very satisfied with Xiaoqiang's introduction, and there were comrades whispering below, meaning that I didn't expect the plane to have so many important roles.

In fact, before the outbreak of the Korean War, our demand for aircraft was only limited to national defense, hoping to defend our airspace, and that's it.

Xiaoqiang clearly outlined the broad prospects of aircraft applications to everyone present this time, and threw out the definition of "industrial flower" at once. The comrades attending the meeting immediately understood the extreme importance of the aviation industry.

Xiaoqiang continued:

"In terms of economy and trade, aircraft is a high value-added product that consumes materials and energy less and has a higher value, and industrialized countries often regard it as an important pillar to expand exports, earn foreign exchange, and balance the balance of payments.

The position of the aviation industry in national defense construction and economic construction is very important, and all industrially developed countries and some developing countries regard it as a strategic industry that plays a leading role in national construction, attach great importance to it, and focus on its development.

Looking back at old China, from 1910, when the Qing government set up a factory in Nanyuan, the northern capital, to manufacture aircraft, to 1949, there was no aviation industry that could be called an independent industrial sector for nearly 40 years. This manifests itself in:

First, the vast majority of the aircraft actually used in old China, whether military or civilian, were purchased from abroad and could not be manufactured and provided by domestic manufacturers.

Second, the old China did not have a basic industry to support the development of the aviation industry. Therefore, even if a small number of aircraft are manufactured, they are limited to the manufacture and assembly of the fuselage, and other important components and finished products, such as engines, metal propellers, landing gear, cockpit instrumentation equipment, and important raw materials, are not self-sufficient, but must rely on foreign countries;

Third, the old Chinese aviation research facilities were rudimentary and lacked the minimum means, so it did not have the ability to research, design, and Shiyan high-level new aircraft;

Fourth, in old China, there was political corruption and frequent wars, and although there were a number of talented people with aeronautical engineering education, under the conditions of the time, their wisdom and talents could not be brought into play.

In a word, the old China made aviation products on a very meagre basis, basically subordinate to imperialism and vassals who sold goods for them.

This was the inevitable result of the degeneration of old China into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial. After the indiscriminate bombing and relocation of Japanese planes during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, as well as the destruction of the Kuomintang in the War of Liberation, the loss of equipment, and the dilapidated disintegration of the factory, except for some aviation talents, there was little left of the meager foundation. ”

After Xiaoqiang said this, he saw that some of them had already taken a pen and recorded it. I was a little scared in my heart, what was there to record if I hung my book bag. However, he couldn't read a book and stop reading it halfway, so he looked at the Prime Minister, and saw that the Prime Minister smiled at him and nodded, so he continued to say according to his memory:

"Before the birth of New China, we, the Chinese Communists, attached great importance to the role of aviation in the revolutionary cause very early on, and made active preparations for the aviation cause of New China under extremely difficult conditions.

As far back as 1924, the Communist Party of China, in cooperation with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen, and with the assistance of the Soviet government, founded the Whampoa Military Academy and the Military Aircraft School, and selected cadets to study in the Soviet Union to train pilot cadres for the revolutionary ranks.

After the defeat of the Great Revolution, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to transfer Chang Qiankun, Wang Bi, Tang Duo, and others, who had already studied in the Soviet Union, to the Soviet Air Force Aviation Academy and the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China selected and transferred 44 cadres to the Xingjiang Air Force to learn flight and maintenance; It has also set up a training course for Xingjiang Airlines to cultivate more aviation talents.

In 1941, the Mechanical Engineering School (Aviation School) was established in Yan'an, which was later merged into the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University called the Kang Da Engineering Team to train and gather talents for the development of the aviation industry.

After Japan's surrender, the aviation group of the Central Military Commission of Yan'an and aviation cadres from various localities went to Yan'an to advance with the army to North China and Northeast China to receive aviation equipment from the Japanese invading army.

In September 1945, the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region Air Station was established in Zhangjiakou to receive airports and aviation equipment and conduct personnel training. In November of the same year, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Air Force was established.

In March 1946, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army Aviation School was established. A group of cadres who had studied aviation in the Soviet Union and Xingjiang, the Kuomintang air force personnel who rebelled, and the Japanese aviation personnel who were retained were all concentrated in this school to work, and more than 500 aviation personnel of various types were trained successively. The school also established a repair shop, a machine shop, and a material factory to restore a number of aircraft and engines left behind in Japan.

In November 1948, the maintenance office of the Northeast Aviation School was stationed in Shenyang, and took over the factories and warehouses of the Kuomintang Air Force, plus the three factories of the former Northeast Aviation School, and reorganized them into six factories and one equipment warehouse.

In 1949, the aviation school received the working group into the customs with the army, and successively took over the Nanyuan Airport and Repair Factory in the Northern Capital, the Nandu Airport and the Aviation Parts Manufacturing Plant, the Puhai Airport and the Kuomintang Air Force Supply Command, as well as the Air Force Airports and Repair Factories in the Central South, Northwest, and Southwest.

The Aviation Department of the East China Military Region gathered the senior aeronautical engineering personnel in China at that time to form the East China Aeronautical Engineering Research Office. In addition, the Aviation Department of the East China Military Region and the Aviation Department of the Northwest Military Region also mobilized graduates of the aviation departments of Puhai Jiaotong University, Nandu Central University, Northwest Institute of Technology, and other colleges and universities to participate in aviation construction. In this way, the air force and aviation industry of the new China were prepared with personnel and certain material conditions.

In September 1949, at the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the chairman solemnly declared to the whole people: "The Chinese people have stood up! He also declared: "Our people's armed forces liliang must be preserved and developed." We will have not only a strong army, but also a strong air force and a strong navy. "At the beginning of the founding of New China, the construction of the People's Air Force and the construction of the aviation industry were put on the important agenda.

As early as January 1949, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed in its resolution on "The Present Situation and the Party's Tasks in 1949": "In 1949 and 1950, we should strive to form a working air force." In March, the Aviation Bureau of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. On 11 November, the Central Military Commission announced the establishment of the leading body of the People's Liberation Army Air Force of China*.

While stepping up the formation of flying units, the PLA successively received and cleaned up the aviation personnel and facilities left behind by the Kuomintang government during the victorious march. By October 1949, a total of 2,312 aviation personnel of various types had been received, including 100 engineering personnel. It also received 113 aircraft, 1,278 engines, 40,918 tons of other aviation equipment and materials, 40 airports and 12 factories. Most of these planes, airfields and factories were destroyed during the war and when the Kuomintang troops fled.

At that time, the war of liberation was still going on, and Kuomintang planes were not only harassing on the front line, but also frequently bombing the liberated cities: the People's Liberation Army urgently needed to equip aircraft into battle. Although the aircraft we received was very dilapidated, we cherished it and did everything possible to restore it and make it functional.

After the liberation of Shen Yang in November 1948, and before the smoke of the war had yet dissipated, the military management personnel put up notices, summoned the displaced workers, and quickly restored five small repair shops (yards), repairing 26 planes of various types in more than half a year.

After the liberation of the Northern Capital in March 1949, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) promptly took over the Nanyuan Aircraft Repair Plant and all kinds of aviation equipment, and quickly began repairing fighters, trainers, and transport planes. In September, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De inspected the Nanyuan Repair Factory.

In June 1949, Puhai was liberated, and the repair of transport planes was immediately organized. The planes used by the Air Force in the early days were repaired by repair units to overcome the extreme shortage of personnel and equipment, and even to the danger of frequent bombing and strafing by Kuomintang planes. On 1 October 1949, at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China, a total of 17 bombers, fighters, transport planes, and trainer planes of the People's Air Force flew over Tiananmen Square and were inspected by state leaders and the masses.

It seems to me that the seeds that have been sown for many years should be starting to sprout now! ”

After Xiao Qiang finished saying the above tirade found from the materials of the Beihang Library, he saw that all the leaders present had different expressions, the prime minister smiled and bowed his head, Nie Shuai's mouth was cracked with a simple smile, and Commander Liu took the lead in applauding excitedly! The other leaders who were shocked by Xiaoqiang's explosive comprehensive speech applauded enthusiastically.

The applause went on for a long time. Everyone is really convinced!

The participants and secretaries of various units sitting in the back row applauded and secretly admired.

"Look at this information, it's really detailed! The importance of the aviation industry was said by him, and it is really a veritable flower of industry. A secretary whispered.

"He is simply a living textbook, he is indeed an expert, and these words are published in the internal journal of the Ministry of Heavy Industry without changing a single word." said an official from the Ministry of Heavy Industry.

"Didn't you listen to Commander Liu's introduction before the meeting? This is the chairman's secretary, and the knowledge can be worse! You see that people are looking for a lot of information, the data is detailed, and the information is at your fingertips, this is really a great talent! An accompanying secretary of the Central Finance Commission was amazed.

Listening to these comments, Xiao Qiang was really panicked, and he consciously said that what he said was stinky and long, and it was all just the information in the pile of old papers, but these leading comrades had never heard anyone make such a historical summary, so everyone felt very insightful when they listened to it. Fortunately, Xiaoqiang is thick-skinned, and he is comfortable with everyone's applause, but no one can see that he is ashamed.